⑴ 求一篇有關市場營銷英文的論文5000字
First, services marketing. Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service instry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service procts, proct creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, procts, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the proct's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible procts); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, procts, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of proct marketing, how to promote the exchange of proct services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible procts. However, both services proct marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth. Second, network marketing. Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update proct or price adjustments; rece printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qu, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions. It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend. Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software instry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising instry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage. Third, green marketing. The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free procts based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and determine the marketing mix strategy is based on green technology, green markets and green based on economic, ecological concerns for the human response to a mode of operation. Some developed countries the demand for green procts is very extensive, but developing countries as capital and consumer orientation, quality and consumer reasons, it can not really achieve the greening of all consumer demand. Taiwan for instance, currently only some food, home appliances, communication procts, part-green; while developed countries have adopted a variety of ways and means, including legislation, etc., Lai Tuixing and the achievement of all procts Di green consumption. Thus having a very broad basis of market demand for green marketing activities have laid a solid foundation. To green, for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, the demand for green food can not self-sufficient, the United Kingdom every year, the import of 80% of the total food consumption in Germany is as high as 98%. This indicates that the market potential for green procts is very large, very wide market demand. Green marketing is the twenty-first century consumer demand resulting from a novel marketing idea, that is, green marketing, marketing is also not out of the original theory. Therefore, the development of green marketing model and program selection and integration of related resources can not can not be severed from the original basis of marketing theory can be said that green marketing is the pursuit of health, safety, environmental protection, developed under the ideology of the new ways and means of marketing. Establish a modern enterprise is only a new marketing philosophy of sustainable development, make efforts to green marketing, the development of green procts for green proction, and sustainable development to adapt to the trend. At the same time, enterprises can further "consumer oriented", to promote sustainable consumption patterns of the full development and realization of their obligation to promote social development and ecological development of the responsibilities and obligations, so that their economic, social and environmental benefits .
⑵ marketing 市場營銷論文 要英文版的
With the development of IT technology, business to the increasingly rapid pace of change to the network, and now we have entered the information age, speed has become our constant pursuit of direction. For each enterprise essential to marketing departments in order to advance the pace of change even more in, people began to network marketing transformation.
Some experts said that in the Internet age of today's Internet Marketing will soon replace the traditional marketing methods and become the main theme of the market. Because people can see the advantages of the network marketing, in-house, departments, and between all departments of the Internet to share information, but also shorten the time for the transmission of information. Thus greatly improving the efficiency of the computer above the company can build up a database, there are customers inside the basic information and consumer information records and is concive to the implementation of one-on-one marketing, for better customer service. At the same time also allow customers to feel he is very business-to-the mind, increase customer loyalty and sales network for the same very attractive, it may omit many brokers, such as wholesalers, distributors, retailers and even And to directly face the customer. Thus greatly rece the cost, the enterprise's procts more competitive to achieve greater sales, and more importantly is able to get the fastest rate of customer feedback to enable enterprises to adapt to market the proct more demand e to enterprises Always walk in the forefront of the market.
Some experts say that may be. Network marketing is some advantage, but his shortcomings but can not be ignored. Network can get market information faster, but the network sales increase sales but can not agree with. They believe that this network has only the most cutting-edge things. Most people have not accepted this approach. It is also not in the habit of online shopping, the things on these virtual lack of trust, they believe that the reality is quite the thing. Life, if I bought What is the problem with the quality of things you can find manufacturers directly, or find a vendor, and will soon receive a response. I do not know that the Internet can be the Whom do I contact, how to find, when a reply » Some say things simply do not fit in online sales, proction companies such as Coca-Cola drinks, I Xianghe when casually into stores or supermarkets which can be bought, it has more convenient, however, how to simplify the sales process? » Everyone knows that there is no need of. If you get the trust of customers, to the extent possible, satisfy the customer, then I think the most effective way is not to rece costs, as long as you in every corner of the world placed on Coke, so that people no matter what time any place as long as the wish to Drink will be able to see it and that is the biggest customer satisfaction, not only rece costs but forgot the more important in the market.
Network development is fast, according to the computer penetration rate is now to complete the transition to the network also needs a long time, not to mention to our Chinese enterprises. Network marketing is a great potential, but also可要not fully developed, the traditional marketing methods will still dominate, the network marketing soon replace the traditional marketing is not realistic. Perhaps the best marketing is not marketing, not traditional marketing, I think they can complement each other, Gequ director, perhaps the most promising is the best way of marketing it.
中文
隨著IT技術的發展，企業以越來越快的速度向網路化轉變，現在我們已經進入了信息時代，速度更成了我們不斷追求的方向。而對於每個企業必不可少的市場營銷部門在以更超前的速度轉變著，人們開始向網路營銷轉化。
有的專家說，在網路時代的今天網路營銷會很快的替代傳統的營銷方式而成為市場的主旋律。因為人們可以看到了網路營銷的優勢， 在企業內部 ，部門和部門之間都相互聯網有利於信息共享 ，也縮短了信息傳遞的時間。 從而大大提高了工作效率， 可以在公司電腦上面建立資料庫，里邊存有客戶的基本資料和消費信息紀錄 ，有利於實施一對一營銷，從而更好的為客戶服務。同時也能讓客戶感受到企業對他是相當的在乎， 更提高了客戶的忠誠度 ，而對於網路銷售同樣很有誘惑力，它可以省略許多中間商，象批發商 、經銷商、 甚至是零售商， 而直接面對客戶。從而大大降低了成本，企業的產品更有競爭力取得更大的銷售業績，而更主要的是能以最快的速度得到客戶的反饋信息，使企業的產品更適應市場的需求，而使企業總是走在市場的最前列。
可有的專家卻認為。網路營銷是有一些優勢，但他的缺點卻不容忽視。網路化是可以更快的得到市場信息， 但網路銷售提高銷售業績卻不堪贊同。他們認為，網路化今天卻只是最前沿的東西。大部分的人還沒有接受這種方式。人們還不太習慣在網上購物，他們對這些虛擬的東西缺乏信任，他們還是比較相信現實中存在的東西。生活中，如果我買了東西質量有什麼問題直接就可以找廠家， 或者找賣主 ，而且會很快的得到答復。可網上我不知道該找誰，怎麼找，什麼時候有答復？再說有的東西根本就不適合在網上銷售，比如可口可樂公司生產的飲品， 我想喝的時候隨便進哪個商店或者超市都能買到，這已經再方便不過了，還要怎麼簡化銷售過程嗎？誰都知道沒有必要了。你要想得到顧客的信任，想盡可能的滿足顧客，那麼我想最有效的方法不是去降低成本，只要你在世界的每個角落都擺放上可樂，讓人們不論在什麼時間什麼地點只要想喝就能夠看到它那就是對顧客最大的滿足，不要只顧著降低成本而卻忘了更重要的市場佔有率。
網路化發展的的確快，可按照現在的電腦普及率要完全的向網路化轉變還需要相當長的時間，更何況對我們中國的企業。網路營銷確實潛力很大，可要完全開發卻也不易，傳統的營銷方式還是會佔主導地位，網路營銷很快的取代傳統的營銷是不現實的。也許最好的營銷方式不是網路營銷，也不是傳統營銷，我覺得他們完全可以相互補充，各取所長，也許那才是最好最有前途的營銷方式吧。
⑶ 跪求一份全英文的畢業論文《市場營銷的作用》
Discusses the character and scholarship studies the rule discipline which the commodity and the value as well as the exchange value, how the use value and do realize. In other words, discusses the character and scholarship is launches the marketing research based on the commodity itself for the center one kind of knowledge. the market marketing study is just the opposite, the market marketing study is the establishment in by the market demand one kind of knowledge which develops for the center. If the market marketing study needs the smooth development, must complete three aspects the work: does first, what output need to be clear about own company or own organization can provide. This delivers including the proct, also includes the service; second, needs to be clear about the proct which or the service in the market needs us to be possible to provide. If need, then in any region the need, needs how many; third, needs to be clear, if we must supply the aiming a target market, then our supplies way to be whether convenient, if is not convenient, whether to establish belongs to an own way, this way needs how many costs, and so on; Therefore, by the marketing study research's content as well as the research three aspects may look that discusses the character and scholarship to be possible to the commodity nature, the commodity use, as well as the commodity will proce in the future possibly the development value and the brand effect will have some appraisal nature information, but these information will be helpful to business understand their proct, thus more detailed clear proct or service before has not put into the market prospect how. In short, discusses the character and scholarship and the marketing study is the relations which one kind complements one another, has not discussed the character and scholarship regarding the standard situation understanding, easy to see many demands, but did not know that can satisfy him; If the commodity study left the marketing study, will discuss the character and scholarship will become very incapable, knew that oneself can do anything, but because did not know that in the market will need anything, will therefore become starts without knowing where to begin. Single opinion, if has offends, asks respectfully to forgive!
⑷ 急！！！！！！！求有關市場營銷的英文論文 要PDF格式的 在20000字以上
我這有有關企業文化與企業發展的 但字數沒那麼多 要的話發給你 不過回 你這要求這么高 還是到答cnki上去找吧
摘要先粘給你：
摘 要
一個民族的發展需要一種民族精神作為支撐，一個企業同樣需要一種精神和文化理念來指導自己的運營與發展，給企業一個准確的「定位」，從而有效規避市場和行業風險。如果沒有文化理念的支撐，那麼企業就等於沒有「靈魂」，就失去方向，更談不上發展。在知識經濟的時代，企業文化的作用非常重大。本文首先從企業文化的定義、內涵和特點等方面認識企業文化，接著從企業文化對企業核心競爭力影響、促使企業可持續成長以及企業文化在人才爭奪戰中的作用等幾個方面，並結合實例來論證企業文化在企業發展中的作用。
在當今社會中，隨著市場競爭的加劇，企業面對的不僅僅是資金，技術，設備等有形實力的競爭，更體現在深層次上的企業文化的競爭，所以,本文旨在喚起人們對企業文化建設重要性的認識，從而更加重視企業文化建設。
⑸ 有沒有關於市場營銷方面的英文文章
www.financetimes.com上面多的很的內啊容
⑹ 求幾個市場營銷的英文文獻
這些都是國外網站上的，沒有中文翻譯的，看不懂的話試試翻譯器，查查字典什麼的，我要是給你翻譯怕誤導你。Zara: Cool Clothes Now, Not Later
Ask any urban European female under the age of 30 and chances are she has shopped at Zara, the clothier whose inexpensive but stylish offerings have attracted a cult following. Zara also sells men』s fashions, again aimed at the stylish and youthful.
Mathieu Soto, a college tennis player from France with dark eyes and devastating good looks, was asked to compare Zara to The Gap, the U.S. - based clothing giant with a major presence in Europe. His response: 「I don』t know. I』ve never shopped at The Gap.」
Most U.S. young alts have never shopped at Zara, but that seems likely to change in the near future. In the past five years Zara has grown from 179 stores mostly in Spain to 450 stores in 29 countries including the United States and Canada. Zara now has stores in New York, New Jersey, Miami, and Toronto—with more on the way.
While Zara is unlikely to displace The Gap in the U.S. market, they are certain to offer U.S. consumers an option previously unavailable to them. They have a sound if unusual marketing strategy in which logistics plays an important role. Logistics also plays an important role in Zara』s growth plans, notably its expansion into the U.S. market.
Zara』s Marketing Strategy
Zara』s marketing strategy focuses on proct variety, speed-to-market, and store location. It is also notable for what it excludes. Zara does not advertise in the traditional sense. If you want to find out what』s currently available at the Zara stores you have two options: go to the web site or go to the store. Zara puts 10,000 different items on the store shelves in a single year. It can take a new style from concept to store shelf in 10-14 days in an instry where nine months is the norm. In its primary European markets, Zara locates its stores close together. Visitors comment that Zara in Madrid is like Starbucks in a major U.S. city—you see another store on every street corner.
Zara』s Toronto store is located just north of the center of downtown in a major shopping district dense with malls and lined with stand-alone stores and giant office buildings. The potential for intense competition is clear.
「These office buildings are full of the people we want as customers. We want them to stop in at lunch or after work. We want to see them often, so we have to change what we have on the shelves,」 said Zara』s Toronto store manager. 「They could shop in a lot of other stores, so we have to make it worth their time to come here.」
This also helps explain why the company does not advertise. If a Zara customer wants to know what Zara has, he or she must go to the store. The stock changes often, with most items staying on the shelf for only a month, so the customer often finds something new and appealing. By the same token, if the customer finds nothing to buy this visit, the store』s regular customers know that tomorrow or next week—sometime soon—new goods will be on Zara』s shelves. That makes it worth another visit.
Zara relies heavily on store employees for market information. If a customer looks at a sweater and comments, 「That would look really nice with a cowl collar,」 an employee can relay that information to Spain where managers decide whether or not to proce the suggested item. If they decide to make it, they can put it on the shelf in Toronto in two weeks or less, partly because they ship by air. Ocean shipping would add at least another ten days to the time it takes to get the proct in front of the customer, undermining the speed-to-market and proct variety strategy.
The Role of Logistics
Putting the variety of goods on the shelves in Toronto and other North American stores requires an unusual, though not unique, logistics strategy for the fashion instry. Zara air expresses goods from its single distribution center in Spain, usually in small quantities. In the 1970』s, The Limited used a similar strategy to support its test marketing, air expressing small quantities of new styles from Asia to U.S. stores. In Zara』s strategy, however, the speedy shipments are part of the core strategy, not just test marketing. Zara also ships frequently, allowing lower inventories while serving its multinational market from a single distribution center in Spain.
「We receive shipments o n Tuesday and Saturday, which means that we have different items in the store at least twice a week. While each shipment replenishes items that sell well, each also includes new items. That』s why our customers come in often,」 the Toronto store manager said. 「We might get ten of one item and five of another. We』re constantly testing.」
The density of Zara』s store locations in Europe helps achieve logistics efficiencies. They can fill trucks for frequent shipment in markets close to proction and ship larger quantities by air to more distant stores. Zara keeps transportation costs low on the supply side, since most of the proction takes place in Spain. This contrasts radically to most large fashion manufacturers, which rely on low cost manufacturing in Asia and South America, but then pay higher inventory costs and move goods to market more slowly.
The air express strategy also allows Zara to maintain a multinational market presence with only one distribution center. They trade higher transportation costs for lower warehousing and inventory costs. Add to this the idea that fast transportation
supports the proct-innovation strategy that is the heart of Zara』s marketing, and the importance of logistics in Zara』s marketing strategy is clear.
The Results and the Future
Zara』s parent company, Inditex, reached $2.7 billion in 2001 revenue. This made it the fastest growing clothing manufacturer in the world. Zara, Inditex』s fastest growing division, turns its inventory twice as fast as major competitors, with an inventory-to-sales of 7% compared to an instry average of 14%. Their profitability in European operations (15%) is fifty percent higher than that of its major competitors. Zara manufactures 80% of its clothing in Europe, with most of the remaining 20% is sourced in Mexico.
While top managers are understandably closed-mouthed about their plans, Zara seems ideally positioned to penetrate the U.S. market in a major way. With some manufacturing already in Mexico, they could easily open a second distribution center aimed directly at the U.S. market. This would make their youth-oriented styles widely available in the world』s most lucrative market.
Question 1 – Zara』s Business Model and Competitive Analysis
Zara, the most profitable brand of Inditex SA, the Spanish clothing retail group, opened its first store in 1975 in La Coru
⑺ 跪求中英語對照的4000字的關於市場營銷論文
體驗營銷在房地產企業中的應用
隨著體驗經濟時代的到來，房地產業傳統的戰略優勢，如自然資源、規模經濟、資金與技術優勢，隨著競爭的加劇正在縮小而不再成為必然的優勢；企業在產品、價格、渠道及促銷、服務等營銷操作層面上的競爭，則由於市場運作規范與信息的透明化，而使得相互間模仿和借鑒的速度越來越快，想以此建立起長久的競爭優勢也越來越不可能；同時，購房者在物質極大豐富的現代社會，也不再滿足於單純地購買產品，產品或服務所帶來的心理上效益也開始占據越來越重要的位置，原有的營銷模式已經不能很好的滿足消費者需求。三種變化的復合作用，使得開發商只有用創新心理和精神上的營銷手段，才能在未來的房地產競爭中打開局面，並最終帶來了強調在提高產品本身的使用價值時，開展各種溝通活動，增強顧客體驗需求，從而使顧客物質上和精神上得到雙重滿足的營銷理念——體驗式營銷，在房地產業中得以出現。
一、價值觀的演進對房地產營銷的影響
很多時候，顧客可能對產品鋪天蓋地的廣告置若罔聞。因為現在花里胡哨的廣告太多了，而且許多廣告承諾的兌現出現了不少的誠信問題，隨著價值觀的改變，顧客對於廣告的信任正在日益降低。其實顧客更在意的是體現在細節上的實實在在的體驗，一個優秀的品牌如果在細節上讓顧客獲得實實在在的舒適體驗其實勝過廣告十倍百倍。
房地產開發商必須清楚的認識到：現代營銷已進入「體驗時代」，房地產行業的環境、特性已經發生了變化，消費者的行為也有了較大的改變，這就要求企業採取合適的營銷手段。到底什麼樣的營銷方式才是適合自己的？筆者認為，房地產開發商必須改變創造價值的方式，與消費者共創價值，讓消費者成為體驗的共同創造者。
消費者價值是營銷關注的核心，向顧客提供何種價值是企業制勝的基本問題。傳統的教科書列舉了4種消費者價值，即功能價值、情感價值、社交價值和個人價值。當前，企業已經「體驗」到了「體驗經濟」所帶來的新的價值。「消費者的體驗」已經成為第5種消費者價值，即消費者購買和追求的是體驗價值。[1]
二、房地產體驗營銷的特點
在企業開展體驗營銷之前，首先應該對「體驗營銷」的特點有所認識：房地產體驗營銷主要有個性化、無形性、延續性、互動性、主觀性等特點。
其一，個性化。產品營銷中強調提供標准化的產品，服務營銷強調產品和服務的定製，而在體驗營銷中,由於個體存在巨大差異性，要吸引個體參與達到互動，在營銷活動設計中就必須體現較強的個性化。房地產的每個項目都有自己的特點，因此各自定位也不同，除了山水等不可復制的資源，任何特點都可以作為體驗營銷的內容。
其二，無形性。房地產是一個綜合性的行業，除了開發房子，服務更是非常重要的一方面，但是服務本身是以產品為依託的，具有無形性，開發商們通常的做法是將房子和服務捆綁式銷售，以更完善地服務消費者，當然許多服務本身也是一種體驗。但在體驗營銷中的無形性更強調顧客所能感受到的一種難忘的、身臨其境的體驗，它是一種被感知的效果。
其三，延續性。消費者在購房前所獲得的感受並不會因一次體驗的完成而馬上消失，而是具有一定的延續性，如消費者對體驗的各種回憶等，有時消費者事後甚至會對這種體驗重新評價，產生新的感受。因此房地產體驗營銷的效果是長期性的，一旦消費者對體驗滿意，他們對開發商及產品往往產生高度忠誠。
其四，互動性。在產品營銷中，消費者是企業的「用戶」；在服務營銷中，消費者被稱為「客戶」；而在體驗營銷中，消費者是企業的「客人」，也是體驗活動的「主人」。因為房地產體驗活動必須要有消費者的參與，進而在消費者和開發商及產品之間發生一種互動行為。消費者的「主動參與」是體驗營銷的根本所在，這是區別於「商品營銷」和「服務營銷」的最顯著的特徵。離開了消費者的主動性，所有的「體驗」都是不可能產生並被消費者自己消費的。
其五，主觀性。在產品營銷中，企業用價格或其他差異化手段區別於其他企業，在服務營銷中企業通過服務價值等讓渡使顧客獲得更大的利益；而房地產體驗營銷活動的最終效果是建立在購房者主體印象(主要包括時間、空間、技術、真實性、質地、規格等方面的特徵)的基礎上的，它包含了個體差異的影響，對不同的印象不同的個體有不同的感受，表現為一種購房者個體的主觀性。
三、體驗營銷在房地產行業的應用
國內房地產商所實踐的房地產體驗營銷就是在整個營銷行為的過程中，把消費者的感性行為劃分為看(See)、聽(Hear)、使用(Use)和參與(Participate)四個連貫的環節，充分利用感性信息的能力，通過影響消費者的更多的感官感受來介入其行為過程，從而影響消費者的決策過程與結果。
筆者認為，房地產體驗營銷就是利用傳統文化、現代科技、藝術和大自然等整合手段來影響消費者的看、聽、使用和參與行為，充分刺激和調動消費者的感官、情感、思考、行動、關聯等感性因素和理性因素，在產品、服務、情境等方面為消費者創造值得回憶和持續愉悅的豐富體驗，從而促進產品的銷售和顧客價值最大化。
筆者認為，房地產體驗營銷可以分為三個階段進行：體驗前營銷、體驗中營銷和體驗後營銷。
(一)體驗前營銷
體驗前營銷是一個非常重要的階段，這一階段的主要任務包括開發商內部和外部情況及營銷模式分析、顧客體驗期望分析和體驗設計。
通過分析消費者的體驗世界，能夠獲得消費者內心最深處的想法，房地產開發商要分析消費者的商業環境和生存環境包括社會文化因素、消費者的體驗需求和期望以及生活方式。開發商需要將廣泛的生活方式聯繫到產品的使用情況上，包括產品的質量和功能、品牌的知名度和美譽度、產品的銷售情況。同時還要考慮競爭對手、合作夥伴，以及整個產業的有關情況，最後聯繫到品牌上，也就是說開發商不是以產品而是以顧客體驗即以人們購房時的消費意境來把自己和別的開發商區分開來。
現在從顧客的立場出發，梳理出顧客體驗世界的4個層次：Ⅰ.品牌提供的體驗；Ⅱ.產品的品類提供的體驗；Ⅲ.品牌的使用和消費環境提供的體驗；Ⅳ.廣義的體驗與顧客的社會文化環境或與房地產投資的大環境相關聯。[3]
房地產的品牌是從品牌提供的特定體驗開始的，然後上升到更廣泛的意義上。品牌體驗就是住宅看起來怎麼樣、環境如何、配套設施是否完善等，這種品牌體驗一部分是由產品品類驅動的，如房型、結構的不同，普通住宅、別墅的不同等，都會引起不同的產品品類體驗。更重要的是品牌和產品品類融合在更廣義的消費環境中，即住宅能夠提供最基本的擋風遮雨、居住的使用功能。最後，這種消費環境(居住)是社會文化的一部分，消費者所購買居住、投資的住宅往往和自身的身份、社會地位、生活方式等聯系在一起。從特定的體驗上升到更廣義的層次上，就能夠更理解住宅對現在的顧客意味著什麼。一旦融合進個人職業生活的環境，產品本身看起來就那麼不顯眼了，房地產產品就有了新的意義，提供了新的市場機會。
了解顧客對體驗的期望是為顧客創造體驗價值的前提，因為顧客的滿意來自於體驗感知與體驗期望之間的比較，符合顧客體驗期望的產品和服務才能創造顧客滿意；而超越顧客期望的體驗經歷將創造顧客忠誠，最終實現企業的長期可持續贏利。設計顧客體驗、搭建體驗平台，這是分析顧客體驗世界與傳遞體驗之間最主要的連接點。
(二)體驗中營銷
體驗中營銷就是體驗實施的過程，這個過程中顧客直接參與體驗，體驗平台要在與顧客的接觸中實施。因此，需要對體驗現場進行控制，引導顧客體驗按照體驗設計的主題線索有效開展活動，從而最大限度地實現顧客的體驗期望。房地產開發商可通過定期組織開展活動讓購房者及業主參與進來，地點最好是選擇在產品實景區，購房者通過參與活動實實在在地感受到社區的環境及文化，還可增進鄰里之間的感情，這對促進購房者消費是十分見效的。現在越來越多的開發商意識到這點，篝火節、業主游、美食節等活動不斷在開發商中上演，事實證明這對促進房子銷售確實很有效果。
(三)體驗後營銷
體驗後營銷就是進行溝通與反饋。體驗是為了加深購房者對產品和服務的了解，促進銷售，但也是為了進一步認識購房者的心理需求。因此，要能夠在購房者體驗的時候獲得購房者的反饋信息，了解購房者的期望，同時加強與購房者的溝通。一方面對購房者感到不滿意的地方進行期望再分析，以備重新設計體驗，不斷改善體驗，使之更符合購房者的需要；另一方面，可以超越購房者期望，實現購房者的全面滿意，建立企業的顧客忠誠，維持企業的長期成長和贏利。萬科地產在這方面有很多值得我們借鑒的地方，體驗後的問卷填寫、銷售代表的電話回訪、項目建設進度的定期匯報等都是了解購房者體驗感受的好方法。
四、我國房地產體驗營銷誤區
由於對體驗營銷的概念、框架、策略以及消費者行為的變化沒有足夠的了解，我國房地產開發商在實踐中對體驗營銷的認識和應用出現了一些誤區。
(一)體驗營銷就是讓客戶在樣板房裡住幾天
讓客戶在樣板房裡住上幾天就能得到一個良好的客戶滿意度？其實不然。因為，用於體驗的樣板房往往是建在尚未完全竣工的在建樓里，並不能夠完全提供全套的生活設備，如上下水不通、室外園林未完成等，難以滿足實際使用功能。這樣客戶就很難得到真實的居住體驗。如果是在現樓中體驗，由於房地產的預售特性，到那時候再展示，意義也不大。所以，好的體驗應該是從客戶參觀朋友新居開始，從對園林的觀感認識開始。
(二)眼球經濟代表萬能
體驗營銷應該讓消費者、業主受益，而不應干擾正常的生活和工作秩序。當年深圳拒絕蜘蛛人攀爬地王大廈和賽格廣場，理由在於寫字樓就是用來辦公的，不應該受到不必要的干擾。諸多商業秀僅僅以娛眾的方式獲取眼球，卻忽視了是否會影響受眾客戶的心理，很難讓消費者對項目本身產生足夠的信心，必然會遭到失敗。
(三)通宵排隊是體驗營銷
有眾多樓盤在開盤前日出現通宵排隊的現象，這其中有許多消費者為了選到滿意的房號不得不連夜排隊。開發商或代理商的確希望出現這種樓盤熱銷、供不應求的場面，以便促成客戶盡快簽訂購房合同，但此舉往往拉開了與客戶之間的心理距離。其實，目前並不存在短缺經濟，房地產市場尤其如此，排隊選房不是好的體驗方式。
(四)售樓處過分舒適
售樓處適當的裝修是必要的，但過分鋪張，就是一種浪費。其實客戶最為關注的仍然是樓盤的實際品質，對售樓處的感知僅僅是停留在環境和服務的感性層面上，而過分追求客戶感受不到的層面是沒意義的。
(五)宣傳造勢越熱越好
即便是成功的宣傳造勢往往也過度地提高了業主的期望值，常使得業主入住後產生落差，最後往往對項目認知形成不良印象。而網路是一個非常公共的、虛擬的空間，許多不可測因素在網路里都可能發生，一些情緒化的宣洩甚至能給項目帶來破壞性影響。
一、價值鏈的概念和構成
企業要生存和發展，必須為企業的股東和其他利益集團包括員工、顧客、供貨商以及所在地區和相關行業等創造價值。如果把「企業」這個「黑匣子」打開，我們可以把企業創造價值的過程分解為一系列互不相同但又相互關聯的經濟活動，或者稱之為「增值活動」，其總和即構成企業的「價值鏈」。任何一個企業都是其產品在設計、生產、銷售、交貨和售後服務方面所進行的各項活動的聚合體。每一項經營管理活動就是這一價值鏈條上的一個環節。企業的價值鏈及其進行單個活動的方式，反映了該企業的歷史、戰略、實施戰略的方式以及活動自身的主要經濟狀況。
價值鏈可以分為基本增值活動和輔助性增值活動兩大部分。企業的基本增值活動，即一般意義上的「生產經營環節」，如材料供應、成品開發、生產運行、成品儲運、市場營銷和售後服務。這些活動都與商品實體的加工流轉直接相關。企業的輔助性增值活動，包括組織建設、人事管理、技術開發和采購管理。這里的技術和采購都是廣義的，既可以包括生產性技術，也包括非生產性的開發管理，例如，決策技術、信息技術、計劃技術；采購管理既包括生產原材料，也包括其他資源投入的管理，例如，聘請有關咨詢公司為企業進行廣告策劃、市場預測、法律咨詢、信息系統設計和長期戰略計劃等。
價值鏈的各環節之間相互關聯，相互影響。一個環節經營管理的好壞可以影響到其他環節的成本和效益。比方說，如果多花一點成本采購高質量的原材料，生產過程中就可以減少工序，少出次品，縮短加工時間。雖然價值鏈的每一環節都與其他環節相關，但是一個環節能在多大程度上影響其他環節的價值活動，則與其在價值鏈條上的位置有很大的關系。根據產品實體在價值鏈各環節的流轉程序，企業的價值活動可以被分為「上游環節」和「下游環節」兩大類。在企業的基本價值活動中，材料供應、產品開發、生產運行可以被稱為「上游環節」；成品儲運、市場營銷和售後服務可以被稱為「下游環節」。上游環節經濟活動的中心是產品，與產品的技術特性緊密相關；下游環節的中心是顧客，成敗優劣主要取決於顧客特點。
不管是生產性還是服務性行業，企業的基本活動都可以用上價值鏈來表示，但是不同的行業價值的具體構成並不完全相同，同一環節在各行業中的重要性也不同。例如，在農產品行業，由於產品本身相對簡單，競爭主要表現為價格競爭，一般較少需要廣告茗銷，對售後服務的要求也不是特別強烈，與之相應，價值鏈的下游環節對企業經營的整體效應的影響相對次要；而在許多工業機械行業以及其他技術性要求較高的行業，售後服務往往是競爭成敗的關鍵。
二、價值鏈與企業的競爭優勢
「價值鏈」理論的基本觀點是，在一個企業眾多的「價值活動」中，並不是每一個環節都創造價值。企業所創造的價值，實際上來自企業價值鏈上的某些特定的價值活動；這些真正創造價值的經營活動，就是企業價值鏈的「戰略環節」。企業在競爭中的優勢，尤其是能夠長期保持的優勢，說到底，是企業在價值鏈某些特定的戰略價值環節上的優勢。而行業的壟斷優勢來自於該行業的某些特定環節的壟斷優勢，抓住了這些關鍵環節，也就抓住了整個價值鏈。這些決定企業經營成敗和效益的戰略環節可以是產品開發、工藝設計，也可以是市場營銷、信息技術，或者認識管理等等，視不同的行業而異。在高檔時裝業，這種戰略環節一般是設計能力；在卷煙業，這種戰略環節主要是廣告宣傳和公共關系策略（也就是如何對付各種政府和消費者組織的戒煙努力）；在餐飲業，這種戰略環節主要是餐館地點的選擇。
雖然如前所述不同行業有不同的價值鏈，同一環節在各行業的作用也不相同，但是，對於具有較大規模的企業，例如跨國公司則可以通過價值鏈上的關鍵環節也就是核心能力在相關行業中進行擴散和移植，從而提高企業尤其是跨國公司的競爭優勢。跨國公司在國際營銷活動中擁有全球跨行業營銷的范圍經濟效應。這種范圍經濟效應是跨國公司通過最佳廣度（范圍）地使用通用型要素和資源而獲得的。這種通用型要素可以是通用的生產設備、管理經驗、營銷技能和研究開發能力。由於在價值鏈的每一個環節幾乎都能發現通用型要素的存在，那麼，當兩個行業的價值鏈上的關鍵環節也就是核心能力需要相同的通用型要素時，跨國公司就將自己在一個行業中的核心能力擴散到另一個相關行業，使得范圍經濟效應轉化為范圍經濟優勢。因此，跨國公司在一個行業的營銷溝通活動中獲得的先進知識、經驗和技能，可以不需要很大的追加投資就能轉移到其他相關行業。如美國的菲利浦一莫利斯公司是著名的煙草商，創造了萬寶路這樣的全球性香煙品牌，該公司進入食品行業後，帶入了其卓越的廣告、營銷推廣等營銷溝通技巧，使得像米勒啤酒等品牌也迅速成為美國的領先品牌，並走向世界。
當跨國公司進行全球營銷時，范圍經濟優勢又可以同時轉移到新進入的國別市場。根據該國的特定市場環境，跨國公司有計劃地選擇相關行業的產品相繼導入，在市場研究、促銷技巧和共同渠道等方面形成范圍經濟效應，尤其是促銷行為的協同效應對樹立跨國公司在當地的整體形象具有重要的戰略意義。如飛利浦公司在包括中國在內的許多國家都引入其照明、微電子、計算機硬體、家用電器等相關行業的多種產品，並使用相同的廣告語「讓我們做得更好」，使得公司形象非常鮮明。盡管其多年營運狀況不佳，但據調研顯示在中國市場上飛利浦公司的知名度要遠高於通用電氣等強勁的競爭對手。其他如日用消費品行業的跨國公司在各國市場上都如出一轍地引入家用洗滌劑、消費紙品、個人護理用品和食品保健品，這些都是跨國公司獲得范圍經濟效應的例證。
很顯然，要保持企業對某一產品的壟斷優勢，關鍵是保持這一產品價值鏈上的戰略環節的壟斷優勢，並不需要在所有的價值活動上都保持壟斷優勢。戰略環節要緊緊控制在企業內部，很多非戰略性的活動則完全可以通過合同的方式承包出去，盡量利用市場以減低成本，增加靈活性。對戰略環節的壟斷可以採取許多形式，既可以是壟斷關鍵原材料，壟斷關鍵人才，也可以是壟斷關鍵銷售渠道、關鍵市場，等等。比如說，在很多靠特殊技能競爭的行業，例如廣告業、表演業、體育業，這種壟斷優勢通常來自於對若干關鍵人才的壟斷；在很多靠產品特色競爭的行業，這種壟斷優勢往往是來自於對關鍵技術或原料配方的壟斷，例如可口可樂的配方，麥當勞「巨無霸」漢堡包的專用調料配方，都是絕密級別的商業秘密。在高科技產品行業，這種壟斷優勢通常來自於對若干關鍵生產技術，例如對計算機的晶元生產技術的壟斷造就了全球晶元巨頭IN-TEL公司。而微軟（Microsoft）則在電腦軟體領域擁有無與倫比的創新能力。廣州寶潔從成立開始就以「世界一流產品，美化您的生活」作為企業的經營理念，樹立「寶潔公司，優質產品」的形象。為了維護其優質產品概念，公司動用其在全世界擁有的超過100名的專業技術人員，每年都花費其銷售額的8％-10％（約5億到7億元）的費用進行專門的產品研究，寶潔認為，只有不斷開發產品功能，提高科技含量，才能佔領市場。優質產品概念不等同於國家、行業的標准。為了開發一個優質產品概念，寶潔每年花費銷售額的1％－3％進行各方面的市場研究，用寶潔的話說，優質產品必須是消費者合同的產品，產品核心功能和外圍功能都成為滿足
Experiential Marketing in Real Estate Enterprises
With the experience economy era, the strategic advantages of traditional real estate instry, such as natural resources, economies of scale, capital and technological advantages, with the increased competition is narrowing rather than as a natural advantage; enterprises in proct, pricing, channels and promotion, marketing services, operating at the level of competition, e to the operation of the market norms of transparency and information, and made to imitate and learn from each other at an increasing rate, I would like to establish long-term competitive advantage has become increasingly impossible; At the same time, buyers great material wealth of modern society, are no longer simply satisfied with the purchase of procts, goods or services brought about by the psychological benefits have begun to occupy an increasingly important location, the original Marketing can not be a good model to meet consumer demand. Three changes in the role of the composite, making developers use the innovative marketing of psychological and spiritual means, in order to compete in the future to open real estate situation, and eventually brought in to increase emphasis on the value of the proct itself, the various communication activities, and enhance the customer experience needs, so that customers receive the material and spiritual concept of the al meet marketing - Experiential marketing, to appear in the real estate instry.
First, the evolution of the values of the impact of the real estate marketing
In many cases, customers may have turned a deaf ear to proct advertising overwhelming. Because there are too many ads, and many advertising commitments to honor the integrity of a number of emerging issues, with the changes in values, the confidence of customers for the advertisers are increasingly reced. In fact, customer care is reflected in the details of the real experience, a good brand in the details for customers to get real comfortable experience times in fact, a hundred times better than advertising.
Real estate developers a clear understanding of the need to: modern marketing has entered the "Experience Era", the real estate instry, the environment, characteristics has changed, consumers also enjoy a greater degree of change, which requires enterprises to adopt an appropriate marketing. In the end what kind of marketing is appropriate for their own? I believe that real estate developers must change the way of creating value, and consumers to create value, so that consumers become co-creators of experience.
Consumer value is the core of marketing attention to what customers value is the fundamental question of winning. Traditional textbook lists four kinds of consumer value, namely, functional value, emotional value, social value and personal value. At present, the company has "experience" to the "experience economy" brought about by the new value. "Consumer experience" has become the first five kinds of consumer value, namely, the pursuit of consumer purchases and the value of the experience.
⑻ 市場營銷英文文獻翻譯成中文3000字
一、服務營銷。
現代經濟發展的一個顯著特徵是服務業的蓬勃發展，其在國民經濟中的地位愈來愈重要，服務營銷的重要性日益突出，中國已經加入WTO ,外資企業紛紛搶灘中國，中外服務市場營銷大戰將出現白熱化的態勢。現實經濟生活中的服務可以區分為兩大類。一種是服務產品，產品為顧客創造和提供的核心利益主要來自無形的服務。另一種是功能服務，產品的核心利益主要來自形成的成分，無形的服務只是滿足顧客的非主要需求。貝瑞認為，在產品的核心利益來源中，有形的成分比無形的成分要多，那麼這個產品就可以看作是一種「商品」（有形產品） ;如果無形的成分比有形的成分要多，那麼這個產品就可以看作是一種「服務」。與服務的這種區分相一致，服務營銷的研究形成了兩大領域，即服務產品的營銷和顧客服務營銷。服務產品營銷的本質是研究如何促進作為產品的服務的交換；顧客服務營銷的本質則是研究如何利用服務作為一種營銷工具促進有形產品的交換。但是，無論是服務產品營銷，還是顧客服務營銷，服務營銷的核心理念都是顧客滿意和顧客忠誠，通過取得顧客的滿意和忠誠來促進相互有利的交換，最終實現營銷績效的改進和企業的長期成長。
First, services marketing.
Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service instry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service procts, proct creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, procts, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the proct's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible procts); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, procts, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of proct marketing, how to promote the exchange of proct services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible procts. However, both services proct marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth.
二、網路營銷。
互聯網路是一種利用通訊線路，將全球電腦納入國際聯網的信息傳送系統必將是未來市場營銷最重要的渠道。網路營銷的特性包括；可24 小時隨時隨地地提供全球性營銷服務；電腦可儲存大量的信息，代消費者查詢，可傳送的信息數量與精確度，遠超過其他媒體；能因應市場需求，及時更新產品或調整價格；減少印刷與郵遞成本；且無店面租金，節約水電與人工成本；可避免推銷員強勢推銷的干擾；可經由信息提供與互動交談，與消費者建立長期良好的關系。互聯網路是一種功能最強大的營銷工具，它同時兼具渠道、促銷、電子交易、互動顧客服務以及市場信息分析與提供的多種功能。
它以聲光互動溝通的特質，作為跨越時空的媒體，已深深吸引年青一代人的眼光。此外，它所具備的一對一營銷能力，正是符合[ 分眾營銷]與[ 直效營銷]的未來趨勢。 網路營銷可視為一種新興的營銷渠道，它並非一定要取代傳統的渠道，而是經由信息科技發展，來創新與重組營銷渠道。但不可否認的是，網路營銷必然會給傳統營銷造成沖擊，因此商業界必須要注意這種趨勢，並與軟體產業作密切的聯系與合作。以廣告業為例，在最新媒體時代，銷售是從開始到完成的一貫作業，就是說由吸引注意、引發興趣、造成購買欲、進行采購，一氣而成，而廣告公司將參與營銷的全程。商業企業也有必要改變傳統的組織形態，提升新媒體部門的功能，引進兼具營銷素養與電腦科技的人才，未來才能具備市場的競爭優勢。
Second, network marketing.
Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update proct or price adjustments; rece printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qu, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions.
It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend.
Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software instry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising instry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage.
三、綠色營銷。
所謂「綠色營銷」，是指社會和企業在充分意識到消費者日益提高的環保意識和由此產生的對清潔型無公害產品需要的基礎上，發現、創造並選擇市場機會，通過一系列理性化的營銷手段來滿足消費者以及社會生態環境發展的需要，實現可持續發展的過程。綠色營銷的核心是按照環保與生態原則來選擇和確定營銷組合的策略，是建立在綠色技術、綠色市場和綠色經濟基礎上的、對人類的生態關注給予回應的一種經營方式。目前，西方發達國家對於綠色產品的需求非常廣泛，而發展中國家由於資金和消費導向上和消費質量等原因，還無法真正實現對所有消費需求的綠化。以我國為例，目前只能對部分食品、家電產品、通訊產品等進行部分綠化；而發達國家已經通過各種途徑和手段，包括立法等，來推行和實現全部產品的綠色消費。從而培養了極為廣泛的市場需求基礎，為綠色營銷活動的開展打下了堅實的根基。以綠色食品為例，英國、德國綠色食品的需求完全不能自給，英國每年要進口該食品消費總量的80% ,德國則高達98%。這表明，綠色產品的市場潛力非常巨大，市場需求非常廣泛。
綠色營銷只是適應二十一世紀的消費需求而產生的一種新型營銷理念，也就是說，綠色營銷還不可能脫離原有的營銷理論基礎。因此，綠色營銷模式的制定和方案的選擇及相關資源的整合還無法也不能脫離原有的營銷理論基礎，可以說綠色營銷是在人們追求健康、安全、環保的意識形態下所發展起來的新的營銷方式和方法。現代企業只有樹立起一種全新的可持續發展營銷的經營理念，努力開展綠色營銷，開發綠色產品，進行綠色生產，才能和可持續發展潮流相適應。同時，企業還可進一步「導向消費者」，促成可持續消費模式的全面建立和實現，承擔起促進社會發展和生態環境發展的責任和義務，使企業的經濟效益、社會效益和環境效益相統一。
Third, green marketing.
The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free procts based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and determine the marketing mix strategy is based on green technology, green markets and green based on economic, ecological concerns for the human response to a mode of operation. Some developed countries the demand for green procts is very extensive, but developing countries as capital and consumer orientation, quality and consumer reasons, it can not really achieve the greening of all consumer demand. Taiwan for instance, currently only some food, home appliances, communication procts, part-green; while developed countries have adopted a variety of ways and means, including legislation, etc., Lai Tuixing and the achievement of all procts Di green consumption. Thus having a very broad basis of market demand for green marketing activities have laid a solid foundation. To green, for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, the demand for green food can not self-sufficient, the United Kingdom every year, the import of 80% of the total food consumption in Germany is as high as 98%. This indicates that the market potential for green procts is very large, very wide market demand.
Green marketing is the twenty-first century consumer demand resulting from a novel marketing idea, that is, green marketing, marketing is also not out of the original theory. Therefore, the development of green marketing model and program selection and integration of related resources can not can not be severed from the original basis of marketing theory can be said that green marketing is the pursuit of health, safety, environmental protection, developed under the ideology of the new ways and means of marketing. Establish a modern enterprise is only a new marketing philosophy of sustainable development, make efforts to green marketing, the development of green procts for green proction, and sustainable development to adapt to the trend. At the same time, enterprises can further "consumer oriented", to promote sustainable consumption patterns of the full development and realization of their obligation to promote social development and ecological development of the responsibilities and obligations, so that their economic, social and environmental benefits .