A. 求一篇有關市場營銷英文的論文5000字
First, services marketing. Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service instry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service procts, proct creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, procts, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the proct's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible procts); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, procts, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of proct marketing, how to promote the exchange of proct services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible procts. However, both services proct marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth. Second, network marketing. Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update proct or price adjustments; rece printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qu, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions. It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend. Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software instry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising instry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage. Third, green marketing. The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free procts based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and determine the marketing mix strategy is based on green technology, green markets and green based on economic, ecological concerns for the human response to a mode of operation. Some developed countries the demand for green procts is very extensive, but developing countries as capital and consumer orientation, quality and consumer reasons, it can not really achieve the greening of all consumer demand. Taiwan for instance, currently only some food, home appliances, communication procts, part-green; while developed countries have adopted a variety of ways and means, including legislation, etc., Lai Tuixing and the achievement of all procts Di green consumption. Thus having a very broad basis of market demand for green marketing activities have laid a solid foundation. To green, for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, the demand for green food can not self-sufficient, the United Kingdom every year, the import of 80% of the total food consumption in Germany is as high as 98%. This indicates that the market potential for green procts is very large, very wide market demand. Green marketing is the twenty-first century consumer demand resulting from a novel marketing idea, that is, green marketing, marketing is also not out of the original theory. Therefore, the development of green marketing model and program selection and integration of related resources can not can not be severed from the original basis of marketing theory can be said that green marketing is the pursuit of health, safety, environmental protection, developed under the ideology of the new ways and means of marketing. Establish a modern enterprise is only a new marketing philosophy of sustainable development, make efforts to green marketing, the development of green procts for green proction, and sustainable development to adapt to the trend. At the same time, enterprises can further "consumer oriented", to promote sustainable consumption patterns of the full development and realization of their obligation to promote social development and ecological development of the responsibilities and obligations, so that their economic, social and environmental benefits .
B. 求有關市場營銷主要工作的英語作文，大概10句話左右
At all points of the modern marketing system people have formed associations and eliminated various middlemen in order to achieve more efficient marketing.Manufacturers often maintain their own wholesale departments and deal directly with retailers.Independent stores may operate their own wholesale agencies to supply them with goods.Wholesale houses operate outlets for their wares,and farmers sell their procts through their own wholesale cooperatives.Recent years have seen the development of wholesale clubs,which sell retail items to consumers who purchase memberships that give them the privilege of shopping at wholesale prices
C. 本人急需一篇（關於市場營銷的英文文章），5千字英文，有中文的翻譯．
看看對你有沒有幫助。
The Competition
It is essential to know who the competition is and to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Factors to consider include:
Each of your competitor's experience, staying power, market position, strength, predictability and freedom to abandon the market must be evaluated.
Your Enterprise
An honest appraisal of the strength of your enterprise is a critical factor in the development of your strategy. Factors to consider include:
Enterprise capacity to be leader in low-cost proction considering cost control infrastructure, cost of materials, economies of scale, management skills, availability of personnel and compatibility of manufacturing resources with offering requirements.
The enterprise's ability to construct entry barriers to competition such as the creation of high switching costs, gaining substantial benefit from economies of scale, exclusive access to or clogging of distribution channels and the ability to clearly differentiate your offering from the competition.
The enterprise's ability to sustain its market position is determined by the potential for competitive imitation, resistance to inflation, ability to maintain high prices, the potential for proct obsolescence and the 'learning curve' faced by the prospect.
The prominence of the enterprise.
The competence of the management team.
The adequacy of the enterprise's infrastructure in terms of organization, recruiting capabilities, employee benefit programs, customer support facilities and logistical capabilities.
The freedom of the enterprise to make critical business decisions without une influence from distributors, suppliers, unions, creditors, investors and other outside influences.
Freedom from having to deal with legal problems.
Development
A review of the strength and viability of the proct/service development program will heavily influence the direction of your strategy. Factors to consider include:
The strength of the development manager including experience with personnel management, current and new technologies, complex projects and the equipment and tools used by the development personnel.
Personnel who understand the relevant technologies and are able to perform the tasks necessary to meet the development objectives.
Adequacy and appropriateness of the development tools and equipment.
The necessary funding to achieve the development objectives.
Design specifications that are manageable.
Proction
You should review your enterprise's proction organization with respect to their ability to cost effectively proce procts/services. The following factors are considered:
The strength of proction manager including experience with personnel management, current and new technologies, complex projects and the equipment and tools used by the manufacturing personnel.
Economies of scale allowing the sharing of operations, sharing of proction and the potential for vertical integration.
Technology and proction experience
The necessary proction personnel skill level and/or the enterprise's ability to hire or train qualified personnel.
The ability of the enterprise to limit suppliers bargaining power.
The ability of the enterprise to control the quality of raw materials and proction.
Adequate access to raw materials and sub-assembly proction.
Marketing/Sales
The marketing and sales organization is analyzed for its strengths and current activities. Factors to consider include:
Experience of Marketing/Sales manager including contacts in the instry (prospects, distribution channels, media), familiarity with advertising and promotion, personal selling capabilities, general management skills and a history of profit and loss responsibilities.
The ability to generate good publicity as measured by past successes, contacts in the press, quality of promotional literature and market ecation capabilities.
Sales promotion techniques such as trade allowances, special pricing and contests.
The effectiveness of your distribution channels as measured by history of relations, the extent of channel utilization, financial stability, reputation, access to prospects and familiarity with your offering.
Advertising capabilities including media relationships, advertising budget, past experience, how easily the offering can be advertised and commitment to advertising.
Sales capabilities including availability of personnel, quality of personnel, location of sales outlets, ability to generate sales leads, relationship with distributors, ability to demonstrate the benefits of the offering and necessary sales support capabilities.
The appropriateness of the pricing of your offering as it relates to competition, price sensitivity of the prospect, prospect's familiarity with the offering and the current market life cycle stage.
Customer Services
The strength of the customer service function has a strong influence on long term market success. Factors to consider include:
Experience of the Customer Service manager in the areas of similar offerings and customers, quality control, technical support, proct documentation, sales and marketing.
The availability of technical support to service your offering after it is purchased.
One or more factors that causes your customer support to stand out as unique in the eyes of the customer.
Accessibility of service outlets for the customer.
The reputation of the enterprise for customer service.
Conclusion
After defining your strategy you must use the information you have gathered to determine whether this strategy will achieve the objective of making your enterprise competitive in the marketplace. Two of the most important assessments are described below.
Cost To Enter Market
This is an analysis of the factors that will influence your costs to achieve significant market penetration. Factors to consider include:
Your marketing strength.
Access to low cost materials and effective proction.
The experience of your enterprise.
The complexity of introction problems such as lack of adherence to instry standards, unavailability of materials, poor quality control, regulatory problems and the inability to explain the benefits of the offering to the prospect.
The effectiveness of the enterprise infrastructure in terms of organization, recruiting capabilities, employee benefit programs, customer support facilities and logistical capabilities.
Distribution effectiveness as measured by history of relations, the extent of channel utilization, financial stability, reputation, access to prospects and familiarity with your offering.
Technological efforts likely to be successful as measured by the strength of the development organization.
The availability of adequate operating capital.
Profit Potential
This is an analysis of the factors that could influence the potential for generating and maintaining profits over an extended period. Factors to consider include:
Potential for competitive retaliation is based on the competitors resources, commitment to the instry, cash position and predictability as well as the status of the market.
The enterprise's ability to construct entry barriers to competition such as the creation of high switching costs, gaining substantial benefit from economies of scale, exclusive access to or clogging of distribution channels and the ability to clearly differentiate your offering from the competition.
The intensity of competitive rivalry as measured by the size and number of competitors, limitations on exiting the market, differentiation between offerings and the rapidity of market growth.
The ability of the enterprise to limit suppliers bargaining power.
The enterprise's ability to sustain its market position is determined by the potential for competitive imitation, resistance to inflation, ability to maintain high prices, the potential for proct obsolescence and the 'learning curve' faced by the prospect.
The availability of substitute solutions to the prospect's need.
The prospect's bargaining power as measured by the ease of switching to an alternative, the cost to look at alternatives, the cost of the offering, the differentiation between your offering and the competition and the degree of the prospect's need.
Market potential for new procts considering market growth, prospect's need for your offering, the benefits of the offering, the number of barriers to immediate use, the credibility of the offering and the impact on the customer's daily operations.
The freedom of the enterprise to make critical business decisions without une influence from distributors, suppliers, unions, investors and other outside influences.
D. 有沒有關於市場營銷方面的英文文章
www.financetimes.com上面多的很的內啊容
E. 急！求關於市場營銷（最好是關於營銷策略的）的英文文獻2000字左右的，最好帶翻譯，在線等！
大家知道，企業管理包括生產管理、營銷管理和財務管理等多個方面，而財務管理是企業整個管理體系的核心，企業的財務管理目標即是企業追求的目標。可見，只有以財務管理為中心，協調運作管理體系的各個方面，才能有效地強化企業管理，促進企業發展。從全國來說，民營企業數量眾多、分布廣泛、特點各異，再加上受宏觀經濟環境化和體制影響，民營企業在加強財務管理方面遇到了一定的阻力，例如：政策的「歧視」使民營企業和大型企業不能公平競爭，地方政府、行業管理部門的干預，使民營企業的財務管理目標短期化，再主要的就是民營企業財務管理受業主的影響過大等一些主觀因素的存在，導致財務管理的重要性被忽視。所以，其財務管理中存在的問題也多種多樣，我認為，目前普遍存在的問題和原因主要有：
（一）融資困難，周轉資金不足，使財務管理成斷源之湖。
目前，我國民營企業初步建立了較為獨立、渠道多元的融資體系，但是，融資難、擔保難，仍然是制約民營企業發展的最突出的問題，主要問題是：第一，負債過多，融資成本高，風險大，造成民營企業信用等級低，資信相對較差。第二，大多數民營企業是非大型企業，有些銀行受傳統觀念和行政干預的影響，對其貸款不夠熱心。第三，中介機構不健全，缺乏專門為民營企業貸款服務的金融中介機構和貸款擔保機構。
分析其主要原因表現在兩個方面：一是金融業對民營企業的信貸支持不夠。我國金融系統從設置到服務項目，大都是以大企業為服務對象，民營企業的信貸服務往往被忽視。由於貸款難，生產經營過程中所需資金不足，極大制約了民營企業的發展。有的民營企業，雖存在暫時困難，但銀行一旦支持就能起死回生；二是民營企業的融資渠道單一，難以適應市場需求的變化。由於有的民營企業，在既得不到銀行的貸款支持，又不具有自我融資或向社會公開融資能力，無形中，加強企業財務管理也就成了一句空話，財務管理也就成了斷源之湖。
（二）財務控制薄弱，缺乏科學性，使財務管理舉步艱難。
大部分民營企業存在財務控制環節薄弱，而且對加強財務管理方面不夠重視，沒有從真正意義上理解財務管理在企業中的地位。主要問題有：一是資金管理不嚴，財務控制薄弱，造成資金閑置或不足。二是應收賬款周轉緩慢，造成資金回收困難。三是存貨控制薄弱，造成資金呆滯。四是重錢輕物，資產流失嚴重。
分析其原因主要是：一是有些民營企業認為現金越多越好，致使大量現金未參加周轉，有的是資金缺少計劃安排，過量購置不動產，而使企業無法應付經營急需的資金，陷入財務困境。二是沒有建立嚴格的賒銷政策，缺乏有力的摧收措施，應收款不能兌現或形成呆賬。三是很多民營企業月末存貨佔用資金往往超過其營業額的兩倍以上，造成資金呆滯周轉失靈。四是不少民營企業管理者，對原材料、半成品、固定資產等管理不到位，出了問題無人追究，資產浪費嚴重。分析以上原因，最重要的是因為企業上層領導財務管理觀念落後，缺乏科學性，在思想上沒有真正理解財務管理對做大做強一個企業所起到的作用，沒有將財務管理納入企業管理的有效機制中，缺乏現代財務管理觀念，使財務管理失去了它在企業管理中應有的地位和作用，舉步艱難。
（三）管理模式疆化，管理觀念陳舊，使財務管理暗然失色。
由於長期以來在思想上受到舊的財務制度的約束，企業管理人員的觀念比較滯後。主要問題有：一是企業的投資者同時就是經營者。二是企業管理者的管理能力和管理素質差，管理思想落後。
分析其原因主要是：民營企業典型的管理模式是所有權和經營權高度統一，企業的投資者同時就是經營者，這種模式勢必給企業的財務管理帶來負面影響，民營企業中相當一部分屬於個體私營性質，在這些企業中，企業領導者集權現象嚴重，並且對財務管理的理論方法缺乏應有的認識和研究，致使其職責不分，越權行事，造成財務管理混亂，財務監核不嚴，會計人員獨舟難行，想規范管理很難。大部分企業沒有或無法建立內部審計部門，即使有，也很難保證內部審計的獨立性。另外，有些企業沒有將財務管理納入企業管理的有效機制中，缺乏現代財務管理觀念，多數民營企業家尚未建立起諸如時間價值、風險價值、邊際成本、機會成本等科學管理的概念，由於管理模式疆化，管理觀念陳舊，使財務管理暗然失色，失去了它在企業管理中應有的地位和作用。
First, the privately operated enterprise the question and the reasonanalysis which exists in the financial control As everybody knows, business management including proctionmanagement, marketing management and financial control and so on manyaspects, but the financial control is the enterprise entire managementsystem core, enterprise's financial control goal is a goal which theenterprise pursues. Obviously, only has take the financial control asthe center, the coordination operates management system each aspect,can effectively strengthen the business management, the promotionenterprise develops.Said from the nation that, the privately operated enterprise quantitymultitudinous, distributed is widespread, the characteristicrespectively differently, in addition receives the macroscopiceconomic environment and the system influence, the privately operatedenterprise was strengthening the financial control aspect to meet thecertain resistance, for example: The policy "the discrimination"causes the privately operated enterprise and the major instry cannotthe fair competition, the local authority, the profession controlsection's intervention, causes the privately operated enterprise thefinancial control goal short-term, again is main is the privatelyoperated enterprise financial control owner's influence oversized andso on some subjective factors existences, causes the financial controlthe importance to neglect. Therefore, in its financial control existsquestion also many and varied, I believed, at present the universalexistence question and the reason mainly have: .
(1) financing difficulty, the revolving fund is insufficient, causeslake of the financial control Cheng Duanyuan. At present, the our country privately operated enterprise initiallyestablished has been independent, the channel many Yuan financingsystem, but, financed difficultly, to guarantee difficultly, still wasthe most prominent question which the restriction privately operatedenterprise developed, the main question was: First, is in debtexcessively many, financing cost high, risk big, creates the privatelyoperated enterprise credit rank low, helps the letter relatively to beworse. Second, the majority privately operated enterprise right andwrong major instry, some banks the traditional ideas and theadministrative intervention influence, insufficiently are warm-heartedto its loan. Third, the facilitating agency is not perfect, lacksspecially the financial facilitating agency and the loan guaranteeorganization which serves for the privately operated enterprise loan. Analyzes its main reason to display in two aspects: One is the financeinstry is insufficient to the privately operated enterprise's creditaid. Our country finance system from establishes to the serviceproject, mostly is take the big enterprise as the service object, theprivately operated enterprise's credit service is often neglected.Because the loan is difficult, in the proction management processneeds the fund to be insufficient, enormously has restricted theprivately operated enterprise's development. Some privately operatedenterprises, although exists temporarily difficultly, but the bankonce supports can bring back to life; Two is the privately operatedenterprise's financing channel is unitary, adapts the market demandchange with difficulty. As a result of some privately operatedenterprises, in both cannot obtain the bank the loan support, and doesnot have self- financing or to the social public financing ability,imperceptibly, strengthened the enterprise financial control also tobecome an empty talk, the financial control has also become mediateslake of the source.
(2) financial control is weak, lacks the scientific nature, causes thefinancial control to take a step difficultly. The majority of privately operated enterprises have the financialcontrol link to be weak, moreover to strengthens the financial controlaspect insufficiently to take, has not understood the financialcontrol from the true significance in enterprise's status. The mainquestion includes: One is the fund management is lax, financialcontrol weak, creates the fund to leave unused or to be insufficient.Two is the receivable account funds turnover is slow, causes the fundrecycling difficulty. Three, the inventory control is weak, createsthe fund delay. Four is re- Qian Qingwu, the property drainsseriously. Analyzes its reason mainly is: One is some privately operatedenterprises thought cash more the better, causes the massive cashesnot to participate in the turnover, some are the fund lacks the planarrangement, excessive purchase real estate, but causes the enterpriseto be unable to deal with the management urgently needed fund, fallsinto the financial difficult position. Two is does not have theestablishment strict selling on credit policy, lacks powerfullydestroys receives the measure, should receive money cannot cash orform the ll account. Three is very many privately operatedenterprises end of the month the goods in stock takes the fund oftento surpass its turnover above two times, creates the fund delayturnover to malfunction. Four is many privately operated enterprisessuperintendents, to management and so on raw material, half-finishedproct, fixed asset did not arrive, leaves question nobody toinvestigate, the property waste was serious. Above analyzes thereason, most importantly because the enterprise upper formationleadership financial control idea is backward, lacks the scientificnature, the untrue understanding financial control to does in thethought greatly makes the role which the strong enterprise plays, hasnot bought into line with the financial control the businessmanagement in the effective mechanism, lacks the modern financialcontrol idea, caused the financial control to lose it the status andthe function which should have in the business management, took a stepdifficultly.
3) management pattern boundary, manages the idea obsoletely, causesthe financial control to be dark however 失色. Because receives the old financial system since long ago in thethought the restraint, business management personnel's idea comparisonlag. The main question includes: One is at the same time enterprise'sinvestor is the operator. Two is the enterprise superintendent'smanagement ability and the management quality bad, manages the thoughtto be backward. Analyzes its reason mainly is: The privately operated enterprise modelmanagement pattern is the property rights and the operating righthighly unifies, at the same time enterprise's investors is theoperator, this kind of pattern inevitably will give the enterprise thefinancial control to bring the negative influence, in the privatelyoperated enterprise quite a part will belong to the indivial tooperate privately the nature, in these enterprises, enterprise leadercentralization phenomenon serious, and will lack the understanding andthe research to the financial control theory method which will besupposed to have, will cause its responsibility not to divide, exceedsauthority to handle affairs, creates the financial control chaotic,the finance will supervise the nucleus not to be lax, accountant thepersonnel alone boat difficult line, to think the standard managementwill be very difficult. The majority of enterprises not or are unableto establish the interior auditing department, even if has, also isvery difficult to guarantee the internal audit the independence.Moreover, some enterprises have not bought into line with thefinancial control the business management in the effective mechanism,lacks the modern financial control idea, the most privateenterpreneurs not yet establish such as scientific management the andso on time value, risk value, marginal cost, opportunity cost concept,as a result of the management pattern boundary, manages the ideaobsoletely, causes the financial control to be dark however 失色,has lost it the status and the function which should have in thebusiness management.
F. 尋找一篇關於市場營銷的英漢互譯的2500左右的文章，最好是關於電子商務促銷類的文章
. Fully comprehending the important significance of enhancing the regularized development of electronic commerce
In recent years, with the improvement of information technology and the popularization of internet, China』s electronic commerce has been developing in a persistent and rapid way and playing a more and more important role in flourishing domestic market, expanding consumption, recing logistic cost and improving circulation efficiency, etc. However, at the same time, China』s electronic commerce development is still at the starting stage, the whole application level is relatively low, the trading environment needs to be improved, the general public』s recognition and acceptance of electronic commerce still needs to be enhanced, and information disclosure, payment, commodity delivery and other behaviors concerned in electronic commerce still need to be regularized. Therefore, enhancing the regularized development of electronic commerce and guiding market players to regularize their market behaviors are not only the objective requirements for preventing market risks, settling trade conflicts and enhancing the sound and healthy development of electronic commerce, but also the inevitable needs for implementing the scientific view of development and building a socialist harmonious society.
II. Regularizing the electronic commerce information dissemination behaviors and optimizing the online trading environment
It is required to regularize the information release and transmission behaviors of all parties concerned to online trading so as to improve the legality, safety, authenticity, integrity, timeliness and convenience of various kinds of commercial information.
1. Regularizing the contents of the electronic commerce information to be released. We shall applaud online traders to conct in their real identities, guide all parties to truthfully release commodity and service information, keep transaction records and make announcements on uncertain risks and risks hard to confirm. We shall also prevent and stop trading parties from releasing trading information about such prohibited procts as hazardous chemicals, guns and drugs as well as such illegal services as porn.
2. Regularizing the dissemination mode of electronic commerce information. We shall guide enterprises to legally use network servers, e-mail, network ad, search engine and other ways to release and transmit commerce information, and prevent and deter malicious links, disrupting mails, recessive network ad and other inappropriate modes of dissemination.
3. Safeguarding trading information safety. We shall guide e-commerce enterprises to establish a network and information safety guard system and constantly improve it, and take effective website safety measures, enterprise information confidentiality measures and user information safety measures to prevent and put an end to acts of stealing trade secrets via internet or providing user information to third parties to gain profits.
4. Guaranteeing the effective dissemination of information. We shall encourage e-commerce enterprises to provide information services in convenient forms and update information as frequently as possible, prevent and put an end to acts of impeding consumers from inquiring about commodity information or selecting commodities freely, and make sure that the information exchange between traders and consumers is timely and smooth.
5. Cracking down upon fraulent concts in e-commerce field. We shall assist the related department to crack down upon false publicity or quality-related fraulence in e-commerce activities and take advantage of various kinds of channels, resources and forces to prevent and put an end to acts of releasing false or incomplete information via network or deceiving or misleading consumers so as to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of trading information about the quality, performance, specification and price of commodities and services.
III. Regularizing e-commerce trading behaviors and promoting the harmonious and orderly development of the internet market
We shall applaud legal, regularized, fair and equitable online marketing, electronic contracting, after-sale services and other e-commerce trading behaviors, and prevent and settle various kinds of trading conflicts.
1. Regularizing user registration and member development. We shall guide e-commerce enterprises to attract users and develop members by legal, open and transparent ways, prevent and stop acts of charging large amount of fees against people desiring to become members or asking them to purchase certain commodities before becoming members, put an end to multi-level marketing behaviors concted by taking the internet as a cover-up, encourage providers of third-party trading platforms to provide online store services on the precondition of real name registration, establish a trading safety guard and backup system, and find out and give warnings on trading risks in a timely manner.
2. Regularizing various kinds of online sales promotion behaviors. We shall guide e-commerce enterprises to, when they are concting sales promotion activities via the internet, publicize the mode of sales promotion, rules, time limit, involved commodities, restrictive conditions and other related contents on the website, and prevent and stop such events as false original price, unconformity of real objects, delay of the delivery of special offers and black box operations from occurring in such online sales promotion behaviors as sale promotion by giving discounts, special offers or credits, clicking some pages to win a lottery, and joint promotion, etc.
3. Regularizing electronic contracting behaviors. We shall guide e-commerce enterprises to work out their respective legal and fair user agreement, which shall specify the rights and obligations of the enterprise and its users, and make sure that users can conveniently access to all contents of the agreement before accepting it. We shall prevent and stop acts of contracting by such illegal means as fraulence and malicious collaboration. We suggest enterprises to, before they make any change in the user agreement, notify users of the change in an efficient way, and tell them the reasons for and content of the change.
4. Regularizing online auction behaviors. We shall regularize the business acts of online sellers and trading platform providers, and guide traders to abide by the Auction Law and other related laws and regulations, to accurately, clearly and completely present articles to be auctioned and to work out fair and reasonable online auction rules.
5. Regularizing e-commerce after-sale services. We shall guide e-commerce enterprises to establish after-sale service systems and systems for exchanging and returning goods, constantly perfect them, publicize them and conct in strict accordance with them. We shall prevent and stop enterprises』 acts of shuffling after-sale responsibility, delaying the exchange of goods and refusing to accept returned goods so as to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of online shoppers.
一、充分認識促進電子商務規范發展的重要意義
近年來，隨著信息技術的進步和互聯網的普及，我國電子商務持續快速發展，在繁榮國內市場、擴大居民消費、降低物流成本、提高流通效率等方面發揮著日益重要的作用。同時，我國電子商務發展還處於起步階段，整體應用水平比較低，交易環境有待改善，社會公眾對電子商務的認知度和認可度有待提高，電子商務信息披露、資金支付和商品交付等行為還有待規范。因此，促進電子商務規范發展，引導交易參與方規范各類市場行為，是防範市場風險、化解交易矛盾、促進電子商務健康發展的客觀需要，也是貫徹落實科學發展觀、構建社會主義和諧社會的必然要求。
二、規范電子商務信息傳播行為，優化網路交易環境
規范網路交易各方的信息發布和傳遞行為，提高各類商務信息的合法性、安全性、真實性、完整性、時效性和便捷性。
（一）規范電子商務信息發布內容。提倡在線交易的真實身份，引導交易各方如實發布商品及服務信息，保存交易記錄信息，並對難以確認和不可預測的風險信息予以聲明。防範和制止交易各方在線發布危險化學品、槍支、毒品等違禁品以及色情等非法服務的交易信息。
（二）規范電子商務信息傳播方式。引導企業合法地運用網路伺服器平台、電子郵件、網路廣告、搜索引擎推廣等方式發布和傳遞商務信息。防範和制止惡意鏈接、干擾性郵件、隱性網路廣告等不當宣傳方式。
（三）維護交易信息安全。引導電子商務企業建立健全網路與信息安全保障制度，採取有效的網站安全保障措施、企業信息保密措施和用戶信息安全措施，防範和制止利用互聯網盜取商業秘密和提供用戶信息給第三方以牟取利益的行為。
（四）保障信息的有效傳播。鼓勵電子商務企業提供形式便捷、更新迅速的信息服務，防範和制止阻礙消費者查詢商品信息和自由選擇商品的行為，保障商家和客戶之間信息交流的及時順暢。
（五）打擊電子商務領域的欺詐行為。協同有關部門打擊電子商務活動中存在的虛假宣傳、質量欺詐等行為。藉助各類渠道、資源和力量，防範和制止利用網路發布虛假或不完整信息、欺騙或誤導消費者的行為，保障商品（服務）的質量、性能、規格、價格等交易信息的真實准確。
三、規范電子商務交易行為，促進網路市場和諧有序
提倡合法規范、公平公正的網上營銷、電子簽約和售後服務等行為，防範和化解電子商務中的各類交易糾紛。
（一）規范用戶注冊和會員發展行為。引導電子商務企業以合法、公開、透明的方式吸引用戶注冊、發展會員，防範和制止以收取高額費用或購買商品為前提條件的發展會員行為，杜絕以互聯網為隱蔽手段的傳銷行為。鼓勵第三方交易平台的提供者以實名注冊為條件提供網上店鋪開設服務，建立交易安全保障與備份制度，發現並及時警示交易風險。
（二）規范各類網上促銷行為。引導電子商務企業在開展網上促銷活動時將促銷方式、規則、期限、商品范圍以及相關限制性條件等促銷內容在網站上公開發布。防範和制止在網上折價促銷、網上贈品促銷、積分促銷、網上點擊抽獎、網上聯合促銷等活動中出現的虛構原價、實物不符、拖延發放贈品和幕後操作等現象。
（三）規范電子簽約行為。引導電子商務企業制定合法公正的用戶協議，確定與用戶之間的權利與義務，並保證用戶在接受協議前能夠便利完整地閱知其內容。防範和制止以欺詐、惡意串通等不法手段促成協議簽訂的行為。提倡企業在修改用戶協議時，提前以有效方式通知用戶，並註明修改原因和變動內容。
（四）規范網上拍賣經營行為。規范網上拍賣方以及交易平台服務提供方的經營行為，引導經營者遵守《拍賣法》及相關法律法規，准確、清晰、完整地表述拍賣標的，制定公平合理的網上拍賣規則條款。
（五）規范電子商務售後服務行為。引導電子商務企業建立健全、公開發布並嚴格執行售後服務和換貨退貨制度。防範和制止企業逃避售後責任、拖延換貨和拒不受理退貨的行為，維護網上購物消費者的合法權益。
G. 求購（關於市場營銷的英文文章）
中文 隨著IT技術的發展，企業以越來越快的速度向網路化轉變，現在我們已經進入了信息時代，速度更成了我們不斷追求的方向。而對於每個企業必不可少的市場營銷部門在以更超前的速度轉變著，人們開始向網路營銷轉化。 有的專家說，在網路時代的今天網路營銷會很快的替代傳統的營銷方式而成為市場的主旋律。因為人們可以看到了網路營銷的優勢， 在企業內部 ，部門和部門之間都相互聯網有利於信息共享 ，也縮短了信息傳遞的時間。 從而大大提高了工作效率， 可以在公司電腦上面建立資料庫，里邊存有客戶的基本資料和消費信息紀錄 ，有利於實施一對一營銷，從而更好的為客戶服務。同時也能讓客戶感受到企業對他是相當的在乎， 更提高了客戶的忠誠度 ，而對於網路銷售同樣很有誘惑力，它可以省略許多中間商，象批發商 、經銷商、 甚至是零售商， 而直接面對客戶。從而大大降低了成本，企業的產品更有競爭力取得更大的銷售業績，而更主要的是能以最快的速度得到客戶的反饋信息，使企業的產品更適應市場的需求，而使企業總是走在市場的最前列。 可有的專家卻認為。網路營銷是有一些優勢，但他的缺點卻不容忽視。網路化是可以更快的得到市場信息， 但網路銷售提高銷售業績卻不堪贊同。他們認為，網路化今天卻只是最前沿的東西。大部分的人還沒有接受這種方式。人們還不太習慣在網上購物，他們對這些虛擬的東西缺乏信任，他們還是比較相信現實中存在的東西。生活中，如果我買了東西質量有什麼問題直接就可以找廠家， 或者找賣主 ，而且會很快的得到答復。可網上我不知道該找誰，怎麼找，什麼時候有答復？再說有的東西根本就不適合在網上銷售，比如可口可樂公司生產的飲品， 我想喝的時候隨便進哪個商店或者超市都能買到，這已經再方便不過了，還要怎麼簡化銷售過程嗎？誰都知道沒有必要了。你要想得到顧客的信任，想盡可能的滿足顧客，那麼我想最有效的方法不是去降低成本，只要你在世界的每個角落都擺放上可樂，讓人們不論在什麼時間什麼地點只要想喝就能夠看到它那就是對顧客最大的滿足，不要只顧著降低成本而卻忘了更重要的市場佔有率。 網路化發展的的確快，可按照現在的電腦普及率要完全的向網路化轉變還需要相當長的時間，更何況對我們中國的企業。網路營銷確實潛力很大，可要完全開發卻也不易，傳統的營銷方式還是會佔主導地位，網路營銷很快的取代傳統的營銷是不現實的。也許最好的營銷方式不是網路營銷，也不是傳統營銷，我覺得他們完全可以相互補充，各取所長，也許那才是最好最有前途的營銷方式吧。
H. 急求兩篇有關市場營銷的英語論文，600字左右，12月10號之前發[email protected]里，跪謝！
如果想免費下載文獻，請到我的網路博客看下，會不斷更新一些能用的免費國內外圖書館專的帳號。我畢業屬以後離開學校也有一段時間沒法查文獻，後來我找到個網站（下面文章里有地址），上面更新一些能用的免費國內外圖書館的帳號，我也在我的網路博客里更新。可以去找找試試。
http://hi..com/pxpsd/blog/item/f11407de357a455295ee3726.html
I. 求一篇關於市場營銷的英文文獻附帶翻譯5000字左右
家用醫療器械營銷概述
目前，市場上暢銷的器械類別大致可分為三類：一零售價500元左右的健康電器或一類器械，二零售價1000元-5000元之間的水機（不是器械）或其他，三為零售價5000元以上的健康電器或健康寢具或二類器械。
營銷模式的創新和變遷，向來都是醫葯保健品的專利，家用器械也不例外。家用器械營銷模式也為三種，一種社區定點或不定點銷售，俗稱「跑腿式」；第二種會議營銷，也分為兩種，一單一會議營銷型，二復合會議營銷型。目前單一型會議營銷比例已經較低了，主要是「社區店+會議營銷」模式，因為增加了前期篩選的過程，會議營銷投入產出比有提高，但弱點也同樣明顯—營銷成本高；第三種就是「體驗中心」模式，相比較會議營銷而言，特點是購買周期拉長，顧客滿意度較高，注重營銷細節。價格與模式是關聯的，低價配合「跑腿式」，中端挈合「會議營銷」型，高端就是「體驗中心」了，當然也有例外。
營銷模式再創新，它都有核心點。家用器械的營銷核心點不外乎這幾個：讓產品自己說話、顧客復制、結果對比、細節控制、心理暗示。
「讓產品自己說話」是器械營銷的最核心點，它包含兩個方面：一產品本身，二免費體驗。古語說，酒香不怕巷子深，任何的叫賣聲都比不上產品的療效。消費者真正需求的是長期使用卻能累積療效的器械，而不是包裝完美的東西。溫熱型器械的火熱跟自身是2類器械這點是分不開的（2類器械是SDA指對其安全性、有效性應當加以控制的醫療器械）。我預計，市場上那些偽器械將被逐漸淘汰出局，留守者只有1類和2類器械。
第二免費體驗。任何時候，免費體驗都會是最佳的營銷手段。免費體驗的基礎是建立在產品良好療效的基礎之上的。實際應用免費體驗時，應該把免費體驗的內容搞得具有高附加值，具有神秘感，這樣免費體驗者才有足夠的興趣。具體到操作細節上，就要根據產品特色確定吸引消費群的價值誘因、免費體驗的時間長度、對顧客每個接觸點的提供同質服務、人多人少時候的不同體驗方案應用等等。
總之一句話，讓產品自己說話是最省力、最經濟、最具顧客忠誠度的器械營銷核心。
「顧客復制」是器械營銷的另一個關鍵點。顧客復制包含了以下兩個方面：一病毒式數量復制，二病毒式質量復制。病毒式數量復制往往應用於市場開拓的初期。應該有這么幾個關鍵環節；找到關鍵顧客、製造可以快速傳播的小段子（融合顧客案例）、適宜的禮品手段吸引顧客體驗或者顧客幫帶傳、運用排隊技術吸引顧客體驗等等。說到底，就是要製造一個或多個病毒性的案例或者話題完成在目標顧客中快速復制，以達到小成本大人群的回報。二病毒式質量復制主要是應用在已有眾多試用或體驗顧客，要提高銷售率的階段。我認為病毒式質量復制主要的技術手段還是顧客幫帶傳，這種方法准確率高，當然病毒性案例傳播是必不可少的。
「結果對比」，我個人認為是一種比較有效的提高消費者購買率的營銷手段。器械的主要營銷對象肯定是有慢性病的中老年消費群。對於中老年人群來講，往往醫生的結論和檢測、化驗報告單是他們認為最權威的健康證明。而對於中老年消費群而言，其收入程度決定了他的購買趨向是保守的，購買一樣大件是要經過若干遍決策的。那麼就要給他和他的家庭找到好的購買理由，使用器械前後的身體指標檢測對照是個不錯的選擇理由（可以是短期的，也可以是長期的）。成本可能高些，但效果很明顯。
「細節控制」。俗話說：細節決定成敗。器械營銷中，對細節的把控反映了此企業的營銷水平以及成功與否。中老年消費群起初是沖著免費體驗來的，當感知產品療效後，如果能夠提供良好的環境和細節控制的話，那麼體驗地點就會成為中老年人除卻家、公園、菜場的
第四個活動地點。做到了這點，器械不熱銷都不可能。在會議營銷中，我老注意一個細節——鼓掌，很多人都會忽略這點，我基本上通過鼓掌這個細節來判斷這個企業會議營銷的水平如何。做器械營銷，我們就要搞清楚與消費者的每個接觸點，而且要確保每個接觸點提供的服務是標準的，這樣才能給每個顧客統一的印象。當然對於喜來健們不問任何人都叫成「爸」「媽」的這個細節，我有些疑義，但喜來健是提供的標准服務。
「心理暗示」。應該說心理暗示並不是個新的營銷手段，但是如果是當作病毒值入銷售過程的還就是喜來健們。喜來健存在兩種心理暗示：一體驗時間必需超過3個月才開賣，二體驗前的講課環節，最核心應是喊口號。喜來健的儀器大都在萬元左右，價錢不低，購買阻力很大，喜來健的詭異就在心理暗示這個環節，它要讓體驗者養成長期的體驗和心理習慣，離不開喜來健。這條營銷技巧是硬幣的兩面，用好了提高銷售量，用不好易形成社會問題。
末了，我個人認為器械的營銷它應該是個綜合體。我堅持認為2000元以下器械是未來的主流，動因就是2000元以下器械其營銷模式可以是個綜合體，而且其營銷效果可以集群放大。
真實的器械營銷並不是像本文說得這么簡單，而是由很多環節組成，但這條是既定的：讓產品自己說話！
At present, in the market thebest-selling instrument category may divide into three kinds approximately:Retail price 500 Yuan about healthy electric appliances either a kind ofinstrument, two retail price 1000 Yuan - 5000 Yuan between hydraulic engines(are not instrument) or other, three are the retail price 5000 Yuan abovehealthy electric appliances either the healthy bedding or two kind ofinstruments.
The marketing pattern's innovationand the vicissitude, are always the medicine healthy proct patents, the homeuse instrument is not exceptional. The home use instrument marketing pattern isalso three kinds, one kind of community fixed point or the unfixed point sale,the popular name 「runs about the type」; Second kind of conference marketing,also divides into two kinds, a sole conference marketing, two compoundconference marketing. At present was unitary the conference marketingproportion already to lower, was mainly 「the community shop + conferencemarketing」 the pattern, because increased the earlier period screening process,the conference marketing put into proction compared to having theenhancement, but weakness similarly was also obvious - the marketing cost to behigh; The third kind is 「the experience center」 the pattern, compares theconference marketing saying that the characteristic is purchases the cycle toelongate, the customer degree of satisfaction is high, pays great attention themarketing detail. The price and the pattern are the connection, the low pricecoordination 「runs about the type」, the end lifts gathers 「the conferencemarketing」, the high-end was 「the experience center」, certainly also had theexception.
The marketing pattern innovatesagain, it has the core spot. Home use instrument's marketing core nothing elsebut these: Let proct speak, the customer to plicate, the result contrast,the detail control, the psychological suggestion.
「lets proct speak」 is the instrumentmarketing most core spot, it contains two aspects: A proct itself, two freeexperience. The archaism said that the liquor fragrance does not fear the laneto be deep, any hawks the sound not to compare the proct curative effect.What consumer true demand is the long-term use can actually accumulate thecurative effect the instrument, but is not the packing perfect thing. Thewarming up instrument is fiery 2 kind of instrument this is cannot separate (2kind of instruments with oneself is SDA refers to medical instrument which toits security, validity must perform to control). I estimated that in the marketthese false instruments will be been eliminated graally, remaining behind totake care of things have 1 kind and 2 kind of instruments.
The second free experience. At any time, thefree experience can be the best marketing method. The free experience'sfoundation is the establishment in above the proct good curative effectfoundation. When practical application free experience, should do the freeexperience content has the high added value, has the mystical feeling, suchfree experience only then has the
enough interest. Makes concrete tothe operation detail, must according to the proct characteristic determinethat time the attraction expense group the value cause, the free experience'stime length, to customer each contact point provides the homogeneity service,the person multi-people to be few different experience plan application and soon.
In brief a few words, let proctspeak are most rece effort, to be most economical, most to have the customerloyalty the instrument marketing core.
The customer plicates」 isinstrument marketing another key point. The customer plicated has containedthe following two aspects: A viral type quantity plication, two viral typequality plication. The viral type quantity plication often applies in themarket development initial period. Should have such several key links; Findsthe small piece which the essential customer, the manufacture may disseminatefast (fusing customer case), the suitable present method to attract thecustomer to experience or attends to the association of merchants either comingfrom other places or working away from their native place belt passing on,using the lining up technology attracts customer experience and so on. In thefinal analysis, is must make or many virulent cases or the topic completes inthe goal customer the fast plication, achieves the small cost big crowd the repayment.Two viral type quality plication was mainly the application in had thenumerous tests or the experience customer, must raise the sales rate the stage.I thought that the viral type quality plication main technological meansattend to the association of merchants either coming from other places orworking away from their native place belt biography, this method rate ofaccuracy is high, the certainly virulent case dissemination is essential.
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J. 高分跪求!!!市場營銷相關的中英文對照3000字左右的文章
術語：
PROFIT SHARING-------------------利潤分成
DOCK CHARGE----------------------碼頭費
INLAND CHARGE--------------------內陸轉運費
MERCHANDISE INSPECTION-----------商檢費
TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGE---------THC
DRAYAGE--------------------------提箱和還箱費
PEAK SEASON SURCHARGE------------旺季附加費
COMMISSION-----------------------傭金
MAILS FEE------------------------郵寄費
PANAMA CHANNEL CHARGE------------運河費
THE CHARGE OF FREIGHT------------運雜費
TRANSSHIPMENT COSTS -------------中轉費
VANNING FEE----------------------裝箱費
INSURANCE FEE--------------------保險費
CUSTOM CLEARANCE FEE-------------報關費
CY SURCHARGE---------------------CY交貨附加費
EQUIPMENT RETURN CHARGE----------空箱返還費
DIVERSION FEE--------------------改港費
EQUIPMENT CHANGING CHARGE--------改箱費
PORT CONGESTION SURCHARGE--------港口擁擠費
BUNKER ADJUSTIVE FACTOR----------BAF(燃油附加費)
CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT FACTOR-------CAF(幣值附加費)
STORAGE CHARGE-------------------倉儲費
CUSTOM INSPECTION FEE------------查驗費
DEVANNING CHARGE-----------------拆箱費
DESTINATION DELIVERY CHARGE------DDC(終點碼頭卸貨費)
HANDLING CHARGE------------------代理費
REFUND---------------------------反佣
GENERAL RATE INCREASE------------GRI(全面漲價費)
OCEAN FREIGHT--------------------海運費
DOCUMENT TRANSFERING FEE---------換單費
EQUIPMENT REPOSITION SURCHARGE---空箱調運費
WAREHOUSE REFUND SHARING---------拼箱退佣
CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION--------CFS(集裝箱貨運站)
隨著社會的發展，行業競爭的日趨激烈，如何提高工作效率、降低管理成本、提高服務水平和企業的競爭能力，是每一個企業管理者最為關注的問題。越來越多的管理者認為實行計算機科學化管理是解決這一問題的關鍵。
物流運輸企業由於行業特點，傳統操作過程復雜，文件繁多，競爭日趨激烈。越來越多的信息問題涌現出來，例如：一方面，要不斷開發客戶市場，對客戶的基本資料，貨物分布情況、聯系人的喜好及聯系方式有較為全面的了解，另一方面，要作好財務的收付工作，確保運費能按時的收付，欠款一目瞭然，及時催繳。以往查閱厚厚的文件資料的做法，顯然是不可取的。必須採取更有效的解決辦法。同時收集處理信息的速度、信息的准確性、安全性，還影響到公司整體的管理水平和決策層對整體業務的控制和協調。採用計算機軟體管理信息是解決上述問題的一個行之有效的辦法。
物流管理軟體，就是根據物流運輸企業業務流程，將企業業務的各類數據聯系起來，組成一個有機的系統，使得業務、財務、市場等方面的信息得以方便、快捷地傳遞，並經過綜合處理生成各種報表送交給各個職能部門及決策層。應用物流管理軟體系統不僅可以節省大量的人力，減少工作中的失誤，對客戶的詢問可以迅速的從電腦中查詢信息答復客戶，而且可以幫助決策者及時調整公司經營策略，提高公司在同行業中的知名度，增強公司的競爭力。
過去物流管理著重在企業內部作業與組織的整合，對下游顧客的對應，是以服務與品質為主要重心。因此，評價物流的管理業績和效果的准則，多半是以處理訂單周期時間的速度，供貨率及完成質量來量度。
隨著物流業的發展，在供應鏈管理模式上增添新的內容，物流業出現了新的十大趨勢。
（一）物流管理從物的處理，提升到物的加值方案設計、解決和管理上。可以為客戶提供度身訂造式的，並帶有個性化的服務，企業逐漸轉向強調跨企業界限的整合，使得顧客關系的維護與管理變得越來越重要。
（二）由對立轉向聯合。傳統商業通道中，企業間多半以自我為中心，追求自我利益，因此往往造成企業間對立的局面。然而在追求更大競爭力的驅動下，許多企業開始在各個商業流通機能上整合，通過聯合規劃與作業，形成高度整合的供應鏈通道關系，使通道整體成績和效果大幅提升。
（三）由預測轉向終測。傳統的流通模式通過預測下游通道的資源來進行各項物流作業活動，不幸的是預測很少會准確的，因而浪費了許多自然及商業資源。新興的物流管理趨勢是強調通道成員的聯合機制，成員間願意互換營運及策略的信息，尤其是內部需求及生產的資料，使得上游的企業無需去預測，流通模式是逐漸由預測基礎轉向終測基礎發展。
（四）由經驗積累轉向變遷策略。一直以來經驗曲線是企業用來分析市場競爭趨勢及發展對應策略的方法，並以企業長年積累的經驗作為主要競爭武器，然而科技的突飛進步，企業固守既有經驗反而成為企業發展的障礙，因此在調度變化的環境下，經驗及現存通道基礎結構反變為最難克服的障礙，成功的企業要建立對策略方向的嗅覺和持續變遷管理體系才能生存。
（五）由絕對價值轉向相對價值。傳統財務評價只看一些絕對數值，新的評估方法將著重在相對價值的創造，亦即在通道中提供加值服務，顧客所增加的價值中企業可佔多少比例。
（六）由功能整合轉向程序整合。在競爭渠道日趨激烈的環境中，企業必須更快響應上、下游顧客的需要，因而必須有效整合各部門的營運，並以程序式的操作系統來動作，物流作業與活動多半具有跨功能，跨企業的特性，故程序式整合是物流管理成功的重點。
（七）由垂直整合轉向虛擬整合。在傳統渠道中，一些大企業進行通道的垂直整合，以期對通過掌握有更大的力量，事實證明這並不成功，反而分散了企業的資源，並將主業削弱。今日企業經營的趨勢是專注核心業務，將非核心業務委託給專業管理公司去做，形成虛擬企業整合體系，使主體企業提供更好的產品及服務。
（八）由信息保留轉向信息分享。在供應鏈管理結構下，供應鏈內相關企業必須將供應鏈整合所需的信息與其他企業分享，否則，無法形成有效的供應鏈體系。
（九）由訓練轉向知識學習。在可預見的未來，任何物流程序均以人力來完成。然而，物流作業多半需要在各個物流據點和運輸網路中進行，大約有90%的時間，物流主管無法親自加以監控。全球化的發展趨勢，也增加了物流人力資源管理的復雜度。物流主管必須將以個別人員技能訓練的方式，轉向知識基礎的學習發展。
（十）由管理會計轉向價值管理。未來許多企業願意投入許多資源建立基本會計系統，著重在提供增值創造，跨企業的管理信息，以期能確認可創造價值的作業，而非僅在於收益增加，成本升降上。
Along with society's development, the profession competition is day by day intense, how enhances the working efficiency, reces the management cost, the enhancement service level and enterprise's competitive ability, is each enterprise superintendent most matter of concern. More and more many superintendents thought the implementation computer scientific style management solves this question key.
The thing flows the transportation enterprise as a result of the profession characteristic, the tradition operating process complex, document many, the competition is day by day intense. The more and more many information question emerges, for example: On the one hand, must develop the customer market unceasingly, to the customer basic document, the cargo distribution situation, the contact person likes and the contact method has a more comprehensive understanding, on the other hand, must finish financial the receipts and disbursements work, guarantees the transport expense to be able on time receipts and disbursements, the debt to be clear, prompt press for payment. Formerly consulted the thick document material the procere, obviously was cannot be taken. Must adopt more effective solution. At the same time collects the process information the speed, the information accuracy, the security, but also affects the company whole management level and the decision-making strata to the overall service control and the coordination. Uses the computer software management information is solution above question effective means.
The thing class manages the software, is flows the transportation enterprise service flow according to the thing, according to relates the enterprise service various class numbers, composes an organic system, causes aspect the and so on service, finance, market information to be able to be convenient, to transmit quickly, and proces each kind of report form after synthesis processing to deliver for each function department and the decision-making strata. The appliance flows the management software system not only to be possible to save the massive manpower, reces in the work the fault, may be rapid to the customer inquiry inquires the information answer customer from the computer, moreover may help the policy-maker promptly to adjust the company to manage the strategy, enhances company's in same profession well-knownness, the enhancement company's competitive power.
In the past flowed the management emphatically in the enterprise interior work and organization's conformity, to the downriver customer's correspondence, was take serves and the quality as the main center of gravity. Therefore, the appraisal flows the management achievement and the effect criterion, is mostly by processes the order form period the speed, supplying goods rate and completes the quality to measure.
Along with the thing flowing instry development, increased the new content in the supply chain management pattern, thing flowing instry had the new ten major tendencies.
(1) thing flows the management from thing processing, promotes to in the thing Canadian value plan design, the solution and the management. May provides for the customer 度身訂造 -like, and has the personalization the service, the enterprise graally changes emphasized the cross enterprise boundary the conformity, causes the maintenance and the management which the customer relates changes more and more importantly.
(2) changes the union by the opposition. In the traditional commercial channel, the enterprise mostly take as the center, pursues the self- benefit, therefore often makes the aspect which the enterprise opposes. However in under the pursue bigger competitive power actuation, many enterprises starts in each commercial circulation function the conformity, through the union plan and the work, forms highly the conformity supply chain channel relations, causes the channel overall result and the effect large promotion.
(3) changes the final survey by the forecast. The traditional circulation pattern carries on each thing through the forecast downriver channel resources to flow the work activity, unfortunately forecasts very little can accurate, thus has wasted many natures and the commercial resources. The emerging thing flows the management tendency is emphasized the channel member's union mechanism, between the member is willing to exchange transport business and the strategy information upstream, in particular internal demand and the proction material, causes the enterprise not to need to forecast, the circulation pattern changes the final survey foundation development graally by the forecast foundation.
(4) accumulates by the experience changes the vicissitude strategy. The empirical curve has since always been the enterprise uses for to analyze the market competition tendency and the development correspondence strategy method, and the experience which accumulates by the enterprise elders takes the main competition weapon, however the science and technology flies suddenly the progress, the enterprise defends stubbornly already has the experience instead to become the barrier which the enterprise develops, therefore in under the dispatch change environment, the experience and the extant channel foundation structure instead becomes the barrier which most difficult to overcome, the success enterprise must establish to the strategy direction sense of smell and continues the vicissitude management system to be able to survive.
(5) changes the relative value by the absolute value. The traditional finance appraisal will look only some absolute values, the new appraisal method emphatically in the relative value creation, that is will provide adds the value service in the channel, in the value which the customer will increase the enterprise may account for how many proportions.
(6) changes the procere conformity by the function conformity. In the competition channel intense environment, the enterprise must day by day in a quicker response, the downriver customer's need, thus must effective conformity various departments' transport business, and acts by the procere -like operating system, the thing flows the work and the activity has the cross function mostly, cross enterprise's characteristic, therefore the procere type conformity is the thing class manages the successful key point.
(7) changes the hypothesized conformity by the vertical conformity. In the traditional channel, some big enterprises carry on the channel the vertical conformity, to through grasps by the time has a bigger strength, the fact proved this is not successful, instead dispersed enterprise's resources, and weakens the principal work. Today the enterprise manages the tendency is dedicated nucleus □0 □$. The service, makes the non- core business request for the specialized management company, forms the hypothesized enterprise conformity system, causes the main body enterprise to provide a better proct and the service.
(8) changes the information share by the information retention. Under the supply chain management structure, supplies in the chain to be connected the enterprise to have to supply the information which the chain conformity needs to share with other enterprises, otherwise, is unable to form the effective supply chain system.
(9) changes the knowledge study by the training. In future which may foresee, any thing flows the procere to complete by the manpower. However, the thing flows the work to need to flow the foothold and in mostly the transportation network in each thing carries on, probably some 90% time, the thing flows the manager to be unable to perform to monitor personally. Globalization development tendency, also increased the thing to flow the human resources management the order of complexity. The thing flows the manager to have by the indivial personnel skill training way, changes the knowledge foundation the study development.
(10) changes the value management by management accounting. Future many enterprises will be willing to invest many resources establishments basic accountant the system, in will provide the increment creation emphatically, the cross enterprise's management information, by the time will be able the true approval creation value work, but must only will lie in the income to increase, in cost fluctuation.