⑴ 找篇關於網路營銷的文章，中英文對照的1500字
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淺析我國企業網路營銷的發展
21世紀，人類已經步入了以網際網路為基礎的網路經濟時代。計算機網路技術的迅猛發展和廣泛應用對當代社會產生了全方位的影響，也給企業的營銷管理帶來了巨大的變革。網路營銷是適應網路技術發展與信息網路時代變革的新型營銷方式，它改變了傳統的營銷理念、營銷策略、營銷手段和方式，將成為21世紀企業營銷的主流。與傳統營銷相比，網路營銷顯現出更為廣泛性、實時性、經濟性、交互性等特點。
目前我國上網計算機數量、上網用戶人數總量比較大但普及程度並不高，信息技術在我國企業中應用現狀也不太令人樂觀。通過比較中國企業與外國企業的網路營銷規模、企業擁有網站數量等一系列問題，發現我國網路營銷總體水平還較低，制約我國企業網路營銷發展的障礙和主要問題如下:
一、制約我國企業網路營銷發展的障礙
網路營銷屬於企業自身的管理活動。企業網路營銷的開展，必須積極適應市場環境和消費者的變化，我國企業網路營銷發展障礙主要來自企業內部，包括企業在認識、管理和人才等方面存在的障礙。
1.認識方面的障礙
這是我國企業開展網路營銷最大的障礙。目前企業對網路營銷的認識，呈現兩種截然相反的態度：一種是對網路營銷的過分神化，一種是對網路營銷的認識不足。可以說，這兩種對網路營銷的認識都是片面的，對企業的網路營銷實踐有著巨大的危害。
2.管理方面的障礙
當前我國企業開展網路營銷，在內部管理的三個層次：基層管理、中層管理和高層管理上都還存在著一定的制約因素。目前，國內一些企業的管理體制尚不健全，沒有一套規范系統的管理制度。大多數企業屬於被動反應型，隨著新問題的出現，由管理者制定新的措施，卻很少考慮新制度是否適應本企業的實際情況等問題。導致管理制度呆板僵化，制度之間的系統性不強。
3.人才方面的障礙
人力資源始終是企業最重要的無形資產。企業開展網路營銷，需要各方面的人才，尤其是具備全新信息觀念和新型知識結構的復合型人才，他們是企業實施網路營銷的中堅力量。目前，國內企業在技術人才、管理人才，以及復合型人才等方面，與國際企業相比，都極其匱乏。
二、我國企業網路營銷存在的具體問題
1.互聯網基礎設施建設薄弱
我國的通信業雖經連續十餘年的大發展，尤其是通信網的建設，為我國國民經濟的信息化奠定了網路基礎，但這與流通網路化的未來發展要求相比，還遠遠不夠。不同的地區，在網路營銷發展上存在著較大的差異。
2.企業網路營銷人才缺乏
人力資源始終是企業最重要的無形資產。企業開展網路營銷，需要各方面的人才，尤其是具備全新信息觀念和新型知識結構的復合型人才，他們是企業實施網路營銷的中堅力量，而我國企業恰恰缺少既懂技術又熟悉營銷業務流程的綜合性人才。一來大多數企業只會用人，而沒有培養人的觀念，二來企業內部缺乏有效的激勵機制，導致人才流失情況嚴重。
3.安全、方便的網路支付機制欠缺
在網路上直接進行支付就離不開銀行信用卡方式。目前，我國網路支付的技術尚不成熟，雖然銀行卡在線支付已在中國銀行、招商銀行、中國建設銀行實現，但我國銀行的電子化水平普遍不高，安全性又差，銀行網路之間相對封閉，尚不能承擔起支付網路電子交易費用的任務，無法在網上實現交易的全過程。因此，目前在網路安全支付方面存在的技術和觀念問題是網路營銷發展的核心與關鍵障礙。
網路營銷是新世紀市場營銷的必由之路，它給廣大企業帶來了歷史機遇，同時也帶來了嚴峻的挑戰。鑒於我國網路營銷存在的諸多制約因素，應採取如下對策:
(1)樹立正確的網路營銷觀念。堅決摒棄原有的幾種不正確認識，結合企業自身行業及產品特點，結合企業文化，結合企業營銷管理模式，樹立符合企業需求的網路營銷觀念。
(2)加強網路的基礎設施建設。實施網路營銷活動的對象是網路用戶，所以網路用戶的數量也是網路營銷發展的必要條件，目前我國Internet的基礎設施還相當落後，需要加強和改進的地方很多。上網人數的多少受到網路運行速度和上網資費高低的制約，而網路運行速度和上網費用受到網路基礎設施建設完備程度的影響。因此需要政府發揮宏觀調控的作用，加大網路基礎設施的建設力度，鼓勵國內企業大力開發具有自主知識產權的計算機網路軟硬體產品，改善目前的網路環境。
(3)加強網路營銷立法與監督。無論網路安全、網上結算還是商品配送，都涉及法律法規問題，只有建立、健全和完善相關法規，嚴懲違法者，才能保證網路營銷的正常進行。因此，國家必須在立法和執法上加大力度，在網路市場准入制度、網路交易的合同認證、執行和賠償、反欺騙、知識產權保護、稅收征管、廣告管制、交易監督，以及網路有害信息過濾等方面制定規則，為網路營銷的健康、有序、快速發展提供一個公平規范的法律環境。
(4)培養網路營銷人才。在知識經濟時代，由於信息技術和網路引發的一系列商業革命已經如火如荼，網路營銷需要具備全新信息觀念和新型知識結構的復合型人才，他們是實施網路營銷的中堅力量。網路營銷對人才的要求很高，一個合格的人才不僅需要懂得電腦、互聯網，還要精通金融貿易、物資經營管理，並且要將這幾方面很好地結合在一起。必須要充分利用各種途徑和手段，培養、引進並合理使用好一批素質較高、層次合理、專業對口的網路、計算機及經營管理等方面的專業人才，為企業網路營銷的發展提供人才保障。
網路營銷是企業營銷活動的重要組成部分，是傳統營銷不斷發展和提高的產物，網路營銷正是在與傳統營銷的結合和相互促進中使其日益成熟。我國政府和企業要各司其職，認真研究對策，從不同方面促進我國網路營銷的發展。在營銷策略的制定過程中，充分利用網路的互動性、實時性等特點開發出適合我國國情和企業實際情況的網路營銷新方式、新策略，使企業在日益激烈的市場競爭中立於不敗之地。
Analysis of the enterprise network marketing
21st century, mankind has entered the Internet-based network economy. Computer Network Technology's rapid development and wide application of contemporary society have had a full range of impact to the enterprise marketing management has brought enormous change. Network Marketing is to adapt to network technology development and information network of the new era of change in marketing, it has changed the traditional marketing concepts, marketing strategies, marketing tools and methods will become the 21st century the mainstream of corporate marketing. Compared with traditional marketing, network marketing is showing a more extensive, real-time, the economy, and interactive features.
Currently, China's number of online computers, Internet users to the total number of relatively large but penetration is not high, information technology application in China's enterprises are also less optimistic about the status quo. By comparing the Chinese enterprises and foreign enterprises, the size of network marketing, the enterprise has a range of issues such as the number of Web sites and found that the overall level of China's Internet marketing is still relatively low, restricting the marketing of our enterprise network and the main obstacle to the development of questions are as follows:
First, constraints of our enterprise network marketing obstacle to the development of
Network Marketing is the enterprise's own management activities. The development of enterprise network marketing, we must actively adapt to market changes in the environment and consumers, our corporate network of marketing development obstacles mainly from enterprises, including enterprises in the understanding, management and personnel obstacles.
1. Understanding of the obstacles
This is network marketing enterprises to develop the biggest obstacle. At present, enterprises network marketing awareness, show the two diametrically opposed attitude: a kind of network marketing are over-deification, a network marketing are lack of understanding. It can be said that both the awareness of network marketing is one-sided, on the company's network marketing practice has enormous harm.
2. Regulatory barriers
China's enterprises to develop Internet marketing, in the internal management of the three levels: the grass-roots level management, middle management and senior management are still certain constraints. Currently, some domestic enterprises, the management system is not perfect, does not have a standardized system management system. Most enterprises are reactive type, with the emergence of new issues, from managers to develop new measures, but rarely consider whether the new system to adapt to the actual situation of the enterprise and so on. Lead to rigid inflexible management system, the system is not strong between the systemic.
3. Talent barriers
Human resources has always been the most important intangible assets. Enterprises to develop network marketing, all aspects of personnel required, especially with new concepts and new information on the knowledge structure of compound talents, their enterprises are the backbone of network marketing. At present, the domestic enterprises in the technical talent, management talent, as well as the complex-type personnel, and international enterprises, are extremely scarce.
Second, our corporate network of marketing specific issues exist
1. Internet infrastructure is weak
China's telecommunications instry for more than ten years despite the great development, especially in the construction of communication networks for China's national economy has laid a network of information-based foundation, but with the flow of network requirements for future development, but also far from enough. Different regions, in the development of network marketing there are larger differences.
2. The lack of enterprise network marketing professionals
Human resources has always been the most important intangible assets. Enterprises to develop network marketing, all aspects of personnel required, especially with new concepts and new information on the knowledge structure of compound talents, their enterprises are the backbone of Internet marketing, which is precisely the lack of China's enterprises are familiar with technology knows marketing business processes comprehensive talent. One to the majority of the enterprises will only use, but not in cultured human concept, and secondly the lack of effective internal incentive mechanism, leading to brain drain in serious condition.
3. Safe, convenient payment mechanism for the lack of network
Directly on the network can not be separated from the bank card payment on the way. At present, China's network of technology is not yet ripe to pay, although the bank card online payment in China banks, investment banks, China Construction Bank to achieve, but in China the level of electronic banking in general is not high, safety and poor quality banking network relative closed, there should not assume the network to pay the cost of electronic transactions mission, unable to realize in the online transaction process. Therefore, at present, in network security to pay the existing technical and conceptual issues are the core of the development of network marketing and key obstacles.
Network marketing is marketing the new century, the only way, it brought a large number of enterprises to the historical opportunity, but also brought severe challenges. In view of the existence of our network marketing many constraints, should take the following countermeasures:
(1) establish the correct concept of network marketing. Several original and resolutely reject incorrect understanding, combined with their own instry and proct characteristics, combined with corporate culture, combined with enterprise marketing management mode, set in line with the business needs of network marketing concept.
(2) to enhance the network infrastructure. The implementation of online marketing activities targeted at Internet users, so the number of Internet users is also a network marketing a necessary condition for the development of China's Internet infrastructure is still quite backward, and need to be strengthened and improved in many places. The number of Internet users by the number of network speed and access to the Internet high and low tariff constraints, and network speed and Internet access charges by the network infrastructure complete degrees. Therefore required the government to play the role of macro-control, increase the network infrastructure and encourage development of domestic enterprises with independent intellectual property rights of computer network hardware and software procts, to improve the current network environment.
(3) strengthening the legislative and monitoring network marketing. Regardless of network security, online billing or delivery of goods, all laws and regulations relating to the issue, only to establish, improve and perfect the relevant laws and regulations, and severely punish offenders in order to guarantee the normal network marketing. Therefore, the country must be in the legislative and enforcement efforts, the market access system in the network, network transactions contract certification, implementation and compensation, anti-fraud, intellectual property protection, tax collection and management, advertisement control, transaction monitoring, as well as the harmful information network filter rules, etc., for network marketing the healthy and orderly and rapid development of norms to provide a fair legal environment.
(4) train network marketing professionals. In the era of knowledge economy, as a result of information technology and network triggered a series of commercial revolution now in full swing, network marketing requires new ideas and new information on the knowledge structure of the compound talents, they are the backbone of the implementation of network marketing. Network Marketing demanding of talent, a qualified personnel not only need to understand computers, the Internet, but also proficient in finance, trade, material management, and to these areas very well together. Must make full use of a variety of ways and means to foster the introction and the rational use of a good number of high-quality, reasonably level, professional counterparts in the network, computer and business management professionals for the development of enterprise network marketing to provide qualified personnel to protect .
Network marketing business marketing activities are an important part of traditional marketing are continuous development and improve the proct, network marketing is in combination with traditional marketing and mutual promotion of its increasingly sophisticated. China's government and enterprises should perform their own functions, and seriously look for a solution, from the different aspects of network marketing to promote the development of our country. In marketing strategy formulation process, the full use of the network's interactive, real-time features such as the development suited to China's national conditions and the actual situation of enterprise network marketing new ways and new strategies to enable enterprises in the increasingly fierce competition in the market remain undefeated on the manner.
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