① 求市場營銷的外文文獻網上圖書館找的好亂。。。麻煩給個幫助把，謝謝了
外文文獻自己去sciencedirect，springerlink等外文資料庫下載啊
去自己的學校圖書館主頁會專找到很多外文資料庫的
中文文獻到知網，維屬普等中文資料庫下載，主頁上也會有很多其他的
上面的下載方式很多的，但只有在校園網內免費獲取
校園網外可以利用google學術搜索，有部分能免費下載
另外還可以在網路文庫等共享網站上找找
② 一篇有關於市場營銷STP策略的外文文獻及中文翻譯，中文翻譯3000字左右！
童鞋你好！
這個估計需要自己搜索了！
網上基本很難找到免費給你服務的！
我在這里給你點搜索國際上常用的外文資料庫：
----------------------------------------------------------
⑴ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
⑵Elsevier SDOL資料庫 IEEE/IEE(IEL)
⑶EBSCOhost RSC英國皇家化學學會
⑷ACM美國計算機學會 ASCE美國土木工程師學會
⑸Springer電子期刊 WorldSciNet電子期刊全文庫
⑹Nature周刊 NetLibrary電子圖書
⑺ProQuest學位論文全文資料庫
⑻國道外文專題資料庫 CALIS西文期刊目次資料庫
⑼推薦使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
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中文翻譯得自己做了，實在不成就谷歌翻譯。
弄完之後，自己閱讀幾遍弄順了就成啦！
學校以及老師都不會看這個東西的！
外文翻譯不是論文的主要內容！
所以，很容易過去的！
祝你好運！
③ 急求市場營銷方面外文文獻！
The competitive nature of the automobile instry has prompted the companies to take up new and innovative marketing strategies to thwart the competition. The B segment of cars is the segment which sees maximum competition as the consumer has a number of models to choose from and it's the volumes which drive the margins.
All the companies as a part of their marketing strategy offers a range of vehicles in all the segment to make sure that the customer is driving one of their vehicles only.
Advertisements on the Audio visual medium are a rage as it gives the car makers an opportunity to flaunt their cars. Flashy cars can be demonstrated on television but when it comes to the finer prints of the cars, print and online media comes to the rescue.
The online medium offers a greater flexibility to the car companies since they come with a lot of interactive features like demonstrating the interiors of the car with its salient features.
The print medium on the other hand provides an opportunity to the car makers to explain the function of a car in detail.
Celebrity endorsements and testimonial advertisements have come a long way and they are also doing their bit to sell the cars. Super star Shahrukh Khan has been associated with Hyundai Motor Company for a long time and he comes regularly on television to promote the Santro car. Similarly Ford has roped in Junior Bachan for the promotion of the latest offering from the company Ford Fiesta. On a similar note Saif Ali Khan and Rani Mukherjee is shown chasing each other with a Chevrolet aveo.
Aamir Khan who is considered to be one of the most talented actors in the instry is frequently seen changing roles on screen to promote the Toyota Innova, a car which is generations ahead of its predecessor Toyota Qualis.
Cricketers haven't been left behind in the race of promoting cars; Fiat Palio had received a great thrust when the promotion of the car was taken up by the batting maestro Sachin Tenlkar.In addition to the publicity and advertisement which is done by the companies there are certain innovative strategies which are taken up by the companies to beat the competition from time to time.
④ 市場營銷英文文獻2W字左右的，最好能有中文翻譯的，急求！！！
1W字的要不？
⑤ 市場營銷畢業論文外文文獻
畢業論文外文文獻下載網址
轉自： 時間：2006年5月16日10:15
http://www.cenet.org.cn
http://bbs.cenet.org.cn/
http://www.nber.org/
http://cepa.newschool.e/het/home.htm
談談如何在jstor、sciencedirect等收費網站之外找論文。
目前絕大多數論文在網上是以pdf或者ps文件形式存在，也有少量的doc文件，google的長處就是如果上述文件不是用掃描圖片轉換而來，那麼google能夠搜索上述文件內的東西，這樣，google是搜索論文的最佳工具。
一、關鍵詞：
1、直接輸入文章篇名，兩邊都加上引號，引號不加的話會有很多雜訊。這樣的關鍵詞定位目標是直接找到該論文。
2、直接輸入作者姓名，最好是first name 和last name都加，如果是幾個作者合作的，那麼分次搜索。這樣搜索的目的是找到作者的主頁，希望在作者主頁上找到論文。現在的很多作者喜歡把自己的論文放在網上，尤其是近年完成的論文，雖然大多數是放working paper，但是一些作者樂意把已發表的文章放在主頁上。
二、論文的主要存放地：
上面已經提到過，免費下載論文的一個來源是作者的主頁，但是，以我自己的搜索經歷看，最重要的來源是所謂的syllabus或者reading list，有些老師在向學生提供課程大綱時，出於對學生的體諒，把指定的論文放在了課程的主頁上，所以，一旦你的搜索指向了一個syllabus或者reading list，你應該過去看看哪裡有沒有鏈接，把你滑鼠的「手」放在鏈接上，看看瀏覽器狀態欄顯示的鏈接指向，如果是與主頁擁有人地址類似的（注意，一些老師是把鏈接指向jstor的，等於沒有用），bingo！
用這種方法搜索往往很累的，因為可能你看了10個搜索結果，卻一無所獲，但是，好處是，如果你找到了一篇，往往意味著你找到了一大群，而且是與你目標論文相關的一大群！即使是一無所獲，你也找到了目標論文的相關閱讀書目。
一旦你在某個人的主頁上的syllabus或者reading list可以下載他人的已發表論文，那麼你還應該上一層，看看該老師的其他課程，理由是，如果一個人做了善事，完全有理由相信他會繼續做善事，他也會在他講授的其他課程的syllabus中提供下載！
三、其他
很難說是先搜索篇名好還是先搜索作者好，我的做法是，先輸入文章名，如果文章名太短或者太常見，那麼再加上作者的姓，以剔除不必要的結果。查看2－3頁的結果，如果沒有，轉入搜索作者主頁，如果還是沒有，再回到篇名，查看剩餘的搜索結果。現在的google的cache功能給屏蔽了，帶來了一些效率損失，但總比以前封鎖好。
實例1：前兩天有網友尋找：Jeremy Greenwood, Boyan Jovanovic，Financial Development, Growth, and The Distribution of Income
在google上搜索「Financial Development, Growth, and The Distribution of Income」，別忘了加引號，看了兩頁的搜索結果，沒有。轉變策略，搜索Jeremy Greenwood，第一項就是他的主頁，在主頁上就有這篇論文。
實例2：假定要搜索Kydland,Prescott,"Rules rather than discretion: The inconsistency of optimal plans", JPE,Vol.87
在google上輸入"Rules rather than discretion: The inconsistency of optimal plans"，他的第5個結果是：
ECONOMICS 541
... (b) Sustainable Plans and Mutual Default, by Chari and Kehoe. (c) Rules Rather
than Discretion: The Inconsistency of Optimal Plans, by Kydland and Prescott. ...
www.courses.rochester.e/caucutt/ECO541/ - 8k - 網頁快照 - 類似網頁
「ECONOMICS 541」及其後面的文字表明這是一個課程大綱，進入一看，^_^，收獲不小吧？！
也許，你還覺得不過癮或者很空閑，瀏覽器顯示的鏈接是 http://www.courses.rochester.e/caucutt/ECO541/，用退格鍵把後面的幾個字刪了，變成 http://www.courses.rochester.e/caucutt/，進入，顯示還有幾個課程，你可以進去看看，不過油水不大了。
一件趣事：一次，google顯示有目標論文的pdf文檔存在，而且我也通過google的鏈接打開了，可是那個html頁面上就是沒有任何鏈接，我無意中採用flashget下載全部鏈接，才發現作者把鏈接都做在了句號上，很不起眼，呵呵，智力大挑戰。
http://ocw.mit.e/index.html
http://ideas.repec.org
.英美常用經濟網站
1、《金融時報》 http://news.ft.com/home/rw
2、《商業周刊》 http://news.ft.com/home/rw
3、《財富》 http://www.fortune.com/fortune
4、《遠東經濟評論》 http://www.feer.com
5、《福布斯》 http://www.forbes.com
6、哥倫比亞廣播公司《市場觀察》 http://cbs.marketwatch.com/news/default.asp?siteid=mktw
7、《街》 http://www.thestreet.com/
8. 英國《經濟學家》 http://www.economist.com
9. 《華爾街日報》評論 http://www.opinionjournal.com
10大經濟類網站！
1. http://www.cfinance.com.cn 中財精品屋
2. http://www.pinggu.org/bbs/index.asp 人大經濟論壇
3. http://www.emkt.com.cn 中國營銷傳播網
4. http://www.sino-manager.com/ 中國經理人網站
5. http://www.harment.com/newframe.htm 哈佛企業管理網
6. http://www.project.net.cn/ 中國項目管理網
7. http://www.ceocio.com.cn/ IT經理人
8. http://www.cenet.org.cn 中國經濟學教育科研網
9. http://www.vcmc.net/forum/ 中華管理論壇
10. http://ccer.pku.e.cn/cn/ 中國經濟研究中心
http://econ161.Berkeley.EDU/
Bradford DeLong at UC Berkeley
http://www.wws.princeton.e/~pkrugman/
Paul Krugman at Princeton
http://gsb.uchicago.e/fac/richard.thaler/
Richard Thaler at Chicago
http://www.stanford.e/~rehall/
Robert Hall at Stanford
http://econwpa.wustl.e:80/~barnett/
William Barnet at Washington U.
www.gmu.e/library/specialcollections/warfield.htm
http://sm.cumt.e.cn/Complex/index.htm
國外經濟學站點參考工具
世界各大學經濟學系
Academic Economics Departments
http://castle.uvic.ca/econ/depts.html
包括美國和非美國的。按國家、學校排列。
美國經濟協會會員名錄
American Economic Association Directory of Members
http://www.eco.utexas.e/AEA/
該站點收錄了1999、1997、1993年三次調查的數據。可以輸入檢索詞（關鍵詞或人名）分別檢索。提供了這些會員的姓名、單位、地址、電話等內容。
Amos世界經濟詞彙表（俄克拉荷馬州立大學）
AmosWorld Economic Glossary (Oklahoma State University)
http://amos.bus.okstate.e/glossary/
由俄克拉荷馬州立大學大學經濟學教授Orley Amos博士製作的經濟學詞彙表。方便易用，可檢索。
反托拉斯政策
Antitrust Policy
http://www.antitrust.org/
大學和幾個商業公司建立的巨大站點。提供了大量經濟研究的站點鏈接。可以檢索或按主題瀏覽。主要類目包括：兼並、價格固定等。
英國政治和經濟科學圖書館
British Library of Political & Economic Science
http://www.lse.ac.uk/blpes/
英國政治經濟圖書館建於1896年，是倫敦經濟學院的工作圖書館。它藏有大量經濟學資料。該站點收集了該館的書目、電子文獻以及指向其它檢索工具和圖書館的鏈接。
工商管理學院網路
BSCHOOLWeb
http://www.SSRN.Com/BSCHOOL/
有最好的工商管理學院、工商管理學院指南等信息。該站點的目標是要建成一個收錄全世界工商管理學院的網址。
商業參考
Business Reference (Tex-Share)
http://www.texshare.e/
德克薩斯大學關於經濟學和商業的參考資源，組織得很好。按主題排列。
《商業周刊》商學院排行榜
Business School Rankings (Business Week)
http://www.businessweek.com/tocs/bschools.htm
這是《商業周刊》雜志提供的年度全美最好的商學院排行榜的聯機版。包括最好的MBA學院、200餘個MBA信息檢索，此外，還可以在這些最好的學校中選擇4所，系統將就各學校的基本情況、入學、就業等信息進行比較。
經濟文獻資料庫
Econbase
http://www.elsevier.nl/econbase
這是一個互動式資料庫，可以檢索33個Elsevier/Northan Holland出版的經濟期刊上最近發表的論文的信息。數據從94年1月開始。每年大約更新2000篇論文。
Internet經濟學資源（Nijenrode大學）
Economics internet resources(Nijenrode University)
http://www.library.nijenrode.nl/nbr/200/200-240.html
這是荷蘭Nijenrode大學圖書館建立的一個站點，它提供了大量經濟學站點的鏈接。主要分為：經濟計量學、經濟理論、農業、發展中國家、發展組織、可持續發展、亞洲、歐洲、國際貨幣基金組織、國際貿易、宏觀經濟模型、經濟思想史等大類。
美、加能夠授予博士學位的大學
Economics Departments with Ph.D. Programs in American and Canadian Universities
http://www.albany.e/econ/eco_phds.html
該站點提供了美國、加拿大經濟學博士授予學院的鏈接。根據《Peterson's Graate Programs in the Humanities, Arts & Social Sciences, 1999》內容提供的。
世界上的經濟學系、研究所和研究中心
Economics Departments, Institutes and Research Centers in the World(EDIRC)
http://netec.mcc.ac.uk/EDIRC/
該站點提供了178個國家和地區的4161個經濟學系、研究所和研究中心，經濟學學會和協會，以及財政部門、統計部門、中心銀行及非贏利機構的鏈接。按國家、地區排列。
經濟學期刊
Economics Journals
http://www.helsinki.fi/WebEc/journals.html
上面有200餘種經濟學期刊的網址，是一個非常有用的頁面。每年4月、八月、十二月更新。
經濟學資源（社科信息網關SOSIG）
Economics Resources (Social Science Information Gateway)
http://www.sosig.ac.uk/roads/subject-listing/World-cat/econ.html
這是一個大型的資源指南，是英國和歐洲的幾個研究機構建立的社會科學信息網關的一部分。包含了很多經濟學和相關資源的鏈接。主要類目如下：商業與貿易發展研究；財政、勞動與工業關系、政治經濟學等。
經濟學資源列表（大學）
Economics Resources Table of Contents（Rutgers University）
http://www.libraries.rutgers.e/rulib/socsci/econ/econ.html
該站點收錄了Rutgers大學圖書館收集的大量Internet網上的經濟學站點的鏈接。分為一般信息；電子數據、期刊文檔和索引；資源指南；其它經濟學和相關的Internet資源。每個大類下又分若干小類，小類下按站點名稱的字母順序排列。
經濟學單一主題WWW頁面
Economics Single Subject WWW Pages
http://ideas.uqam.ca/QMRBC/others.html
該站點收錄了幾十個經濟學某一領域的專門站點的鏈接，按站點名稱字順排列。其中的每一個鏈接又收錄了很多該領域經濟學研究的站點。
《經濟學家》
Economist
http://www.economist.com/
可以看到《經濟學家》雜志上的部分文章，特色欄目《本周商業（Business this Week）》值得一看。全文檢索（可回溯到1995年）和其它服務需要注冊。
Web上的經濟學家
Economists on the Web
http://eclab.ch.pdx.e/ecwww
這里搜集了全世界很多經濟學家的個人主頁地址，是了解經濟學家的成果、與經濟學家交流的好去處
⑥ 高分懸賞-求市場營銷渠道外文文獻(附中文翻譯)
授之以魚不如授之以漁！蛋卷是某大學國際貿易學系學生，很高興能幫上你。其實有個內很好的辦法可以容讓你迅速拿到這樣的文獻。我們一般找中英文的文獻和論文都是用這樣的辦法。上google，然後收索你要的作品名稱或者重點詞彙在後面加.pdf.例如 「市場營銷 渠道」或者「市場營銷 渠道.doc」 這樣。你要找什麼論文或者文獻就重點詞+.pdf 或者重點詞+.doc 蛋卷用這個辦法屢試不爽，你可以多找幾篇，看看論文的架構和作者的思路，並且適當參考。希望蛋卷的回答對你有幫助。
⑦ 市場營銷英文文獻翻譯成中文3000字
一、服務營銷。
現代經濟發展的一個顯著特徵是服務業的蓬勃發展，其在國民經濟中的地位愈來愈重要，服務營銷的重要性日益突出，中國已經加入WTO ,外資企業紛紛搶灘中國，中外服務市場營銷大戰將出現白熱化的態勢。現實經濟生活中的服務可以區分為兩大類。一種是服務產品，產品為顧客創造和提供的核心利益主要來自無形的服務。另一種是功能服務，產品的核心利益主要來自形成的成分，無形的服務只是滿足顧客的非主要需求。貝瑞認為，在產品的核心利益來源中，有形的成分比無形的成分要多，那麼這個產品就可以看作是一種「商品」（有形產品） ;如果無形的成分比有形的成分要多，那麼這個產品就可以看作是一種「服務」。與服務的這種區分相一致，服務營銷的研究形成了兩大領域，即服務產品的營銷和顧客服務營銷。服務產品營銷的本質是研究如何促進作為產品的服務的交換；顧客服務營銷的本質則是研究如何利用服務作為一種營銷工具促進有形產品的交換。但是，無論是服務產品營銷，還是顧客服務營銷，服務營銷的核心理念都是顧客滿意和顧客忠誠，通過取得顧客的滿意和忠誠來促進相互有利的交換，最終實現營銷績效的改進和企業的長期成長。
First, services marketing.
Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service instry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service procts, proct creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, procts, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the proct's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible procts); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, procts, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of proct marketing, how to promote the exchange of proct services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible procts. However, both services proct marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth.
二、網路營銷。
互聯網路是一種利用通訊線路，將全球電腦納入國際聯網的信息傳送系統必將是未來市場營銷最重要的渠道。網路營銷的特性包括；可24 小時隨時隨地地提供全球性營銷服務；電腦可儲存大量的信息，代消費者查詢，可傳送的信息數量與精確度，遠超過其他媒體；能因應市場需求，及時更新產品或調整價格；減少印刷與郵遞成本；且無店面租金，節約水電與人工成本；可避免推銷員強勢推銷的干擾；可經由信息提供與互動交談，與消費者建立長期良好的關系。互聯網路是一種功能最強大的營銷工具，它同時兼具渠道、促銷、電子交易、互動顧客服務以及市場信息分析與提供的多種功能。
它以聲光互動溝通的特質，作為跨越時空的媒體，已深深吸引年青一代人的眼光。此外，它所具備的一對一營銷能力，正是符合[ 分眾營銷]與[ 直效營銷]的未來趨勢。 網路營銷可視為一種新興的營銷渠道，它並非一定要取代傳統的渠道，而是經由信息科技發展，來創新與重組營銷渠道。但不可否認的是，網路營銷必然會給傳統營銷造成沖擊，因此商業界必須要注意這種趨勢，並與軟體產業作密切的聯系與合作。以廣告業為例，在最新媒體時代，銷售是從開始到完成的一貫作業，就是說由吸引注意、引發興趣、造成購買欲、進行采購，一氣而成，而廣告公司將參與營銷的全程。商業企業也有必要改變傳統的組織形態，提升新媒體部門的功能，引進兼具營銷素養與電腦科技的人才，未來才能具備市場的競爭優勢。
Second, network marketing.
Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update proct or price adjustments; rece printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qu, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions.
It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend.
Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software instry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising instry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage.
三、綠色營銷。
所謂「綠色營銷」，是指社會和企業在充分意識到消費者日益提高的環保意識和由此產生的對清潔型無公害產品需要的基礎上，發現、創造並選擇市場機會，通過一系列理性化的營銷手段來滿足消費者以及社會生態環境發展的需要，實現可持續發展的過程。綠色營銷的核心是按照環保與生態原則來選擇和確定營銷組合的策略，是建立在綠色技術、綠色市場和綠色經濟基礎上的、對人類的生態關注給予回應的一種經營方式。目前，西方發達國家對於綠色產品的需求非常廣泛，而發展中國家由於資金和消費導向上和消費質量等原因，還無法真正實現對所有消費需求的綠化。以我國為例，目前只能對部分食品、家電產品、通訊產品等進行部分綠化；而發達國家已經通過各種途徑和手段，包括立法等，來推行和實現全部產品的綠色消費。從而培養了極為廣泛的市場需求基礎，為綠色營銷活動的開展打下了堅實的根基。以綠色食品為例，英國、德國綠色食品的需求完全不能自給，英國每年要進口該食品消費總量的80% ,德國則高達98%。這表明，綠色產品的市場潛力非常巨大，市場需求非常廣泛。
綠色營銷只是適應二十一世紀的消費需求而產生的一種新型營銷理念，也就是說，綠色營銷還不可能脫離原有的營銷理論基礎。因此，綠色營銷模式的制定和方案的選擇及相關資源的整合還無法也不能脫離原有的營銷理論基礎，可以說綠色營銷是在人們追求健康、安全、環保的意識形態下所發展起來的新的營銷方式和方法。現代企業只有樹立起一種全新的可持續發展營銷的經營理念，努力開展綠色營銷，開發綠色產品，進行綠色生產，才能和可持續發展潮流相適應。同時，企業還可進一步「導向消費者」，促成可持續消費模式的全面建立和實現，承擔起促進社會發展和生態環境發展的責任和義務，使企業的經濟效益、社會效益和環境效益相統一。
Third, green marketing.
The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free procts based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and determine the marketing mix strategy is based on green technology, green markets and green based on economic, ecological concerns for the human response to a mode of operation. Some developed countries the demand for green procts is very extensive, but developing countries as capital and consumer orientation, quality and consumer reasons, it can not really achieve the greening of all consumer demand. Taiwan for instance, currently only some food, home appliances, communication procts, part-green; while developed countries have adopted a variety of ways and means, including legislation, etc., Lai Tuixing and the achievement of all procts Di green consumption. Thus having a very broad basis of market demand for green marketing activities have laid a solid foundation. To green, for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, the demand for green food can not self-sufficient, the United Kingdom every year, the import of 80% of the total food consumption in Germany is as high as 98%. This indicates that the market potential for green procts is very large, very wide market demand.
Green marketing is the twenty-first century consumer demand resulting from a novel marketing idea, that is, green marketing, marketing is also not out of the original theory. Therefore, the development of green marketing model and program selection and integration of related resources can not can not be severed from the original basis of marketing theory can be said that green marketing is the pursuit of health, safety, environmental protection, developed under the ideology of the new ways and means of marketing. Establish a modern enterprise is only a new marketing philosophy of sustainable development, make efforts to green marketing, the development of green procts for green proction, and sustainable development to adapt to the trend. At the same time, enterprises can further "consumer oriented", to promote sustainable consumption patterns of the full development and realization of their obligation to promote social development and ecological development of the responsibilities and obligations, so that their economic, social and environmental benefits .
⑧ 市場營銷外文參考文獻
2、（美）約翰.A.昆奇著，呂一林譯，?市場營銷管理—教程與案例?北京.北京大學出版社，2000
3、查爾斯專.戴克著，李聖賢譯寶屬潔的觀點內蒙古.內蒙古人民出版社1999
4、JamesAFitzsimmons著，張金成范秀成譯，《服務管理》，北京.機械工業出版社2000
5、RaymondP.Fisk等著，張金成等譯，《互動服務營銷》北京.機械工業出版社2000
6.菲利普??科特勒.營銷管理[M].北京:中國人民大學出版社,2001
⑨ 急！求關於市場營銷（最好是關於營銷策略的）的英文文獻2000字左右的，最好帶翻譯，在線等！
大家知道，企業管理包括生產管理、營銷管理和財務管理等多個方面，而財務管理是企業整個管理體系的核心，企業的財務管理目標即是企業追求的目標。可見，只有以財務管理為中心，協調運作管理體系的各個方面，才能有效地強化企業管理，促進企業發展。從全國來說，民營企業數量眾多、分布廣泛、特點各異，再加上受宏觀經濟環境化和體制影響，民營企業在加強財務管理方面遇到了一定的阻力，例如：政策的「歧視」使民營企業和大型企業不能公平競爭，地方政府、行業管理部門的干預，使民營企業的財務管理目標短期化，再主要的就是民營企業財務管理受業主的影響過大等一些主觀因素的存在，導致財務管理的重要性被忽視。所以，其財務管理中存在的問題也多種多樣，我認為，目前普遍存在的問題和原因主要有：
（一）融資困難，周轉資金不足，使財務管理成斷源之湖。
目前，我國民營企業初步建立了較為獨立、渠道多元的融資體系，但是，融資難、擔保難，仍然是制約民營企業發展的最突出的問題，主要問題是：第一，負債過多，融資成本高，風險大，造成民營企業信用等級低，資信相對較差。第二，大多數民營企業是非大型企業，有些銀行受傳統觀念和行政干預的影響，對其貸款不夠熱心。第三，中介機構不健全，缺乏專門為民營企業貸款服務的金融中介機構和貸款擔保機構。
分析其主要原因表現在兩個方面：一是金融業對民營企業的信貸支持不夠。我國金融系統從設置到服務項目，大都是以大企業為服務對象，民營企業的信貸服務往往被忽視。由於貸款難，生產經營過程中所需資金不足，極大制約了民營企業的發展。有的民營企業，雖存在暫時困難，但銀行一旦支持就能起死回生；二是民營企業的融資渠道單一，難以適應市場需求的變化。由於有的民營企業，在既得不到銀行的貸款支持，又不具有自我融資或向社會公開融資能力，無形中，加強企業財務管理也就成了一句空話，財務管理也就成了斷源之湖。
（二）財務控制薄弱，缺乏科學性，使財務管理舉步艱難。
大部分民營企業存在財務控制環節薄弱，而且對加強財務管理方面不夠重視，沒有從真正意義上理解財務管理在企業中的地位。主要問題有：一是資金管理不嚴，財務控制薄弱，造成資金閑置或不足。二是應收賬款周轉緩慢，造成資金回收困難。三是存貨控制薄弱，造成資金呆滯。四是重錢輕物，資產流失嚴重。
分析其原因主要是：一是有些民營企業認為現金越多越好，致使大量現金未參加周轉，有的是資金缺少計劃安排，過量購置不動產，而使企業無法應付經營急需的資金，陷入財務困境。二是沒有建立嚴格的賒銷政策，缺乏有力的摧收措施，應收款不能兌現或形成呆賬。三是很多民營企業月末存貨佔用資金往往超過其營業額的兩倍以上，造成資金呆滯周轉失靈。四是不少民營企業管理者，對原材料、半成品、固定資產等管理不到位，出了問題無人追究，資產浪費嚴重。分析以上原因，最重要的是因為企業上層領導財務管理觀念落後，缺乏科學性，在思想上沒有真正理解財務管理對做大做強一個企業所起到的作用，沒有將財務管理納入企業管理的有效機制中，缺乏現代財務管理觀念，使財務管理失去了它在企業管理中應有的地位和作用，舉步艱難。
（三）管理模式疆化，管理觀念陳舊，使財務管理暗然失色。
由於長期以來在思想上受到舊的財務制度的約束，企業管理人員的觀念比較滯後。主要問題有：一是企業的投資者同時就是經營者。二是企業管理者的管理能力和管理素質差，管理思想落後。
分析其原因主要是：民營企業典型的管理模式是所有權和經營權高度統一，企業的投資者同時就是經營者，這種模式勢必給企業的財務管理帶來負面影響，民營企業中相當一部分屬於個體私營性質，在這些企業中，企業領導者集權現象嚴重，並且對財務管理的理論方法缺乏應有的認識和研究，致使其職責不分，越權行事，造成財務管理混亂，財務監核不嚴，會計人員獨舟難行，想規范管理很難。大部分企業沒有或無法建立內部審計部門，即使有，也很難保證內部審計的獨立性。另外，有些企業沒有將財務管理納入企業管理的有效機制中，缺乏現代財務管理觀念，多數民營企業家尚未建立起諸如時間價值、風險價值、邊際成本、機會成本等科學管理的概念，由於管理模式疆化，管理觀念陳舊，使財務管理暗然失色，失去了它在企業管理中應有的地位和作用。
First, the privately operated enterprise the question and the reasonanalysis which exists in the financial control As everybody knows, business management including proctionmanagement, marketing management and financial control and so on manyaspects, but the financial control is the enterprise entire managementsystem core, enterprise's financial control goal is a goal which theenterprise pursues. Obviously, only has take the financial control asthe center, the coordination operates management system each aspect,can effectively strengthen the business management, the promotionenterprise develops.Said from the nation that, the privately operated enterprise quantitymultitudinous, distributed is widespread, the characteristicrespectively differently, in addition receives the macroscopiceconomic environment and the system influence, the privately operatedenterprise was strengthening the financial control aspect to meet thecertain resistance, for example: The policy "the discrimination"causes the privately operated enterprise and the major instry cannotthe fair competition, the local authority, the profession controlsection's intervention, causes the privately operated enterprise thefinancial control goal short-term, again is main is the privatelyoperated enterprise financial control owner's influence oversized andso on some subjective factors existences, causes the financial controlthe importance to neglect. Therefore, in its financial control existsquestion also many and varied, I believed, at present the universalexistence question and the reason mainly have: .
(1) financing difficulty, the revolving fund is insufficient, causeslake of the financial control Cheng Duanyuan. At present, the our country privately operated enterprise initiallyestablished has been independent, the channel many Yuan financingsystem, but, financed difficultly, to guarantee difficultly, still wasthe most prominent question which the restriction privately operatedenterprise developed, the main question was: First, is in debtexcessively many, financing cost high, risk big, creates the privatelyoperated enterprise credit rank low, helps the letter relatively to beworse. Second, the majority privately operated enterprise right andwrong major instry, some banks the traditional ideas and theadministrative intervention influence, insufficiently are warm-heartedto its loan. Third, the facilitating agency is not perfect, lacksspecially the financial facilitating agency and the loan guaranteeorganization which serves for the privately operated enterprise loan. Analyzes its main reason to display in two aspects: One is the financeinstry is insufficient to the privately operated enterprise's creditaid. Our country finance system from establishes to the serviceproject, mostly is take the big enterprise as the service object, theprivately operated enterprise's credit service is often neglected.Because the loan is difficult, in the proction management processneeds the fund to be insufficient, enormously has restricted theprivately operated enterprise's development. Some privately operatedenterprises, although exists temporarily difficultly, but the bankonce supports can bring back to life; Two is the privately operatedenterprise's financing channel is unitary, adapts the market demandchange with difficulty. As a result of some privately operatedenterprises, in both cannot obtain the bank the loan support, and doesnot have self- financing or to the social public financing ability,imperceptibly, strengthened the enterprise financial control also tobecome an empty talk, the financial control has also become mediateslake of the source.
(2) financial control is weak, lacks the scientific nature, causes thefinancial control to take a step difficultly. The majority of privately operated enterprises have the financialcontrol link to be weak, moreover to strengthens the financial controlaspect insufficiently to take, has not understood the financialcontrol from the true significance in enterprise's status. The mainquestion includes: One is the fund management is lax, financialcontrol weak, creates the fund to leave unused or to be insufficient.Two is the receivable account funds turnover is slow, causes the fundrecycling difficulty. Three, the inventory control is weak, createsthe fund delay. Four is re- Qian Qingwu, the property drainsseriously. Analyzes its reason mainly is: One is some privately operatedenterprises thought cash more the better, causes the massive cashesnot to participate in the turnover, some are the fund lacks the planarrangement, excessive purchase real estate, but causes the enterpriseto be unable to deal with the management urgently needed fund, fallsinto the financial difficult position. Two is does not have theestablishment strict selling on credit policy, lacks powerfullydestroys receives the measure, should receive money cannot cash orform the ll account. Three is very many privately operatedenterprises end of the month the goods in stock takes the fund oftento surpass its turnover above two times, creates the fund delayturnover to malfunction. Four is many privately operated enterprisessuperintendents, to management and so on raw material, half-finishedproct, fixed asset did not arrive, leaves question nobody toinvestigate, the property waste was serious. Above analyzes thereason, most importantly because the enterprise upper formationleadership financial control idea is backward, lacks the scientificnature, the untrue understanding financial control to does in thethought greatly makes the role which the strong enterprise plays, hasnot bought into line with the financial control the businessmanagement in the effective mechanism, lacks the modern financialcontrol idea, caused the financial control to lose it the status andthe function which should have in the business management, took a stepdifficultly.
3) management pattern boundary, manages the idea obsoletely, causesthe financial control to be dark however 失色. Because receives the old financial system since long ago in thethought the restraint, business management personnel's idea comparisonlag. The main question includes: One is at the same time enterprise'sinvestor is the operator. Two is the enterprise superintendent'smanagement ability and the management quality bad, manages the thoughtto be backward. Analyzes its reason mainly is: The privately operated enterprise modelmanagement pattern is the property rights and the operating righthighly unifies, at the same time enterprise's investors is theoperator, this kind of pattern inevitably will give the enterprise thefinancial control to bring the negative influence, in the privatelyoperated enterprise quite a part will belong to the indivial tooperate privately the nature, in these enterprises, enterprise leadercentralization phenomenon serious, and will lack the understanding andthe research to the financial control theory method which will besupposed to have, will cause its responsibility not to divide, exceedsauthority to handle affairs, creates the financial control chaotic,the finance will supervise the nucleus not to be lax, accountant thepersonnel alone boat difficult line, to think the standard managementwill be very difficult. The majority of enterprises not or are unableto establish the interior auditing department, even if has, also isvery difficult to guarantee the internal audit the independence.Moreover, some enterprises have not bought into line with thefinancial control the business management in the effective mechanism,lacks the modern financial control idea, the most privateenterpreneurs not yet establish such as scientific management the andso on time value, risk value, marginal cost, opportunity cost concept,as a result of the management pattern boundary, manages the ideaobsoletely, causes the financial control to be dark however 失色,has lost it the status and the function which should have in thebusiness management.