Ⅰ 求一份营销策略方面的论文文献,要中英文都有的
参考文献
〔l」黄凤玲.关注烟草经济高增长下的深入调整,《中国烟草》,2005.3,
38一39页
〔2」〔美〕斯蒂芬卫罗宾斯.《管理学》第7版,中国人民大学出版社,2004,
365页
〔3」钟涛、何立眠、朱佳著.《整合营销》,山西经济出,1998,127页
[4」麦克尔.波特.《竞争优势》,华夏出版社,2005,202页
[5]吕忠信.《世界烟草经济》,中国科学技术大学出版社第1版,2006,
65页
〔6〕国家局经济运行司.盘点成果稳中进取,《中国烟草》,2005.3,
21页
[7〕编者.2004中国烟草回眸,《中国烟草》,2005.3,45页
[8]彻纳东尼和麦唐纳著.《创造强有力的品牌》,中国经济出版社,2004:
26页
[9」刘钟详.国际卷烟流行口味特点及其对我国消费的影响,《烟草科
技》,2006.4,61页
仁10〕编者.2007中国烟草回眸,《中国烟草》,2007.12,12页
【11]刘宗柳.卷烟消费的市场现状与潜力分析,《中国烟草》,2006.6,
47页
〔1幻王长根.《学习型企业文化理论与实践》中国经济出版,2005,
123一124页
「13〕于建原.《营销管理》,西南财经大学出版社,2003,96页
〔14」中国江西网,中国卷烟零售户经营状况调查,W卿.jxcn.。n
〔15〕龚锦华.((企业战略、文化、管理研究报告》,2006,162页
〔16」毕长敏主编.烟草流通企业战略与管理,东北财经大学出版社,
2004.6,137页
〔17」刘志峰.零售业态之变催促烟草流通改革,《中国烟草》,2006.8
55页
[18]中国烟草在线http://WWW,tob
Ⅱ 格力进去美国市场的营销策划书
这个属于商业机密谁会为了20悬赏给公布啊,要是真可以我再赞助100悬赏
Ⅲ 英语作文 给公司营销策略的建议书
我可以写英语作文,请告诉我需要写哪些是什么公司,你写了作何用
Ⅳ 格力空调的营销渠道分析 求这个毕业论文开题报告怎么写
一、格力空调的专卖店模式 格力空调连续十一年产销量全国第一,不仅得益于格力空调过硬的优秀品质及品牌的强势,而且得益于格力独有的区域代理制加上格力品牌专卖店的渠道模式。产品-品牌-品牌专卖店组成了一个完美的品牌质量。格力空调已经做了十一年的专卖店,并且打算将起专卖店继续作大作强 . 2004年,格力电器股份有限公司(以下简称格力电器)可谓“笑傲江湖”。格力电器数年来由小而大、由弱而强的辉煌,靠的是单一的产品——空调。正因为格力的专心专业,使之有绰号“单打冠军”。在空调行业原材料价格不断上涨、行业洗牌进程大大提速的情况下,格力继续保持着优势地位,销量、销售额、利润和市场占有率均稳步提升。 格力空调为什么采取这种营销方式,这种营销方式对格力空调来说有什么好处,以下将对这种营销方式进行分析。 二、营销渠道中的成本理论 营销渠道中涉及到的成本很多,把它们归结为两类,一类是交易成本,另一类是管理成本,即总成本=交易成本+管理成本。 1.交易成本 交易成本简单地说就是在交易的过程中所发生的与交易有关的一切成本。交易成本包括以下几种成本: (1)信息收集成本。现代社会中信息对于任何组织、任何企业来说都是非常重要的,在做出决策之前就要对相关的信息进行收集,收集信息肯定是要付出成本的,也就是在发现市场相关价格时所需要付出的成本。 (2)谈判成本。在与合作者或者购买者进行谈判时要进行讨价还价,在讨价还价的过程中,会涉及到要素的重新分配,这是需要付出一部分成本的,在最后达成协议时也要付出一定的成本,由此构成谈判成本。 (3)履约成本。达成契约后,交易者要实施其契约条款和内容,以实现交易对象的转移。为了防止机会主义行为造成交易损失,交易双方需要设计出一整套与交易相关的制约机制和惩罚机制,以保证交易正常进行,顺利地实现产权的让渡。 2.管理成本 管理成本在营销渠道中就是管理各个经销商所花费的成本。企业内部亦同时存在着组织生产、协调管理等等的内部交易费用——管理成本,它包括行政管理人员的工资、教育费用、行政办公费用、内部审计、监督费用、决策需要的信息、制定财务规划、激励方案等等费用 .随着企业规模的扩大,管理、监督、协调成本也越来越高,有时甚至高于通过市场的交易成本。 所以我们在做决策时面临的一个问题是:企业是市场的替代,可以节省交易成本。但随着企业规模的扩大,企业管理成本随之增大。那么,企业的规模多大为合适呢?当企业内部管理成本低于市场交易成本时,最好由企业替代市场,即扩大企业的经营规模;当企业内部管理成本高于市场交易成本时,最好由市场替代企业,即缩小企业的经营规模。 因此,企业规模的最佳界限,就是企业内部管理边际成本与市场交易边际成本相等时所确定的企业规模均衡边界。
Ⅳ 谁帮忙写篇酒店市场营销策略英语文章
给你一篇范文参考下,但是没有英文的:今天,国内酒店市场的寒冬正在悄然逼近。受此次危机影响,首先,酒店行业的入境客源明显减少;其次,多数国内公司开始严格控制差旅费用支出,导致商务出行人数、次数与酒店住宿等级降低;再者,国内某些地区已经出现的高星级酒店供大与求的现象更加恶化。凡此种种皆与人们的信心产生了互为因果的关系。
为应对全球金融危机在中国可能出现的蔓延与加剧,中国政府迅速提出了四万亿人民币的经济刺激计划,国家旅游局与相关部门也在制订“国民休闲计划”,进一步落实职工带薪休假制度。那么,在营销方面,酒店应该做什么呢?
一、在市场定位不变的情况下,整体价格构成向下调整。降价是原则,如何操作,则是技巧;降价的目的非常明确:给顾客以实惠,稳定主体客源;合理减少GOP,争取营业收入最大化。在酒店营销诸要素中,价格最敏感、最直接、最有效。
酒店运用价格杠杆,有这样几点理由:首先是顾客的需求改变,这种改变表面上是顾客需求标准降低,例如由行政楼层降为标准客房,实质上是支付能力下降,也就是说,顾客并不是自愿降低自己的住宿标准,而是无力维持原住宿标准,因此,顾客,尤其是对于公务出差的顾客而言,这样的改变是痛苦的和被迫的,他们仍然渴望维持原状,在这种情况,如果酒店降价,这些顾客就可能继续留住,如果酒店坚持不降,这些顾客就可能流向其他酒店;其次,对于酒店产品而言,由于其无法贮藏的特性,今天未卖掉的房间,其价值就是零,直接受损失的是酒店;此外,就酒店营销而言,尽管许多业内人士对降价都持反对态度,但是笔者认为,该降的时候,一定要降,除非有足够的现金流,否则,就应该随行就市。
降价操作当然有技巧,要考虑市场需求、竞争对手、产品特点等诸多因素的相互作用关系。同时必须指出,降价不是营销的唯一手段,不能造成市场错位;降价与否也许是酒店可以独自决定的事情,但是降价的效果如何却非酒店独自可以决定的。这里,与顾客的沟通,特别是与大客户、常客的主动、积极沟通至关重要,我们不能采取简单的线性思维方式———酒店降价→顾客占便宜→顾客当然不反对,那么,酒店只要告知顾客就可以了,没有必要搞什么复杂的沟通。这样想法不能算错,但过于简单,因为降价的目的首先是酒店获益,酒店由于没有更好选择而不得不降价,而顾客则总是有更多其他酒店的选择。因此,降价沟通做得好,有利于酒店与顾客的双赢,顾客得到了自己想要的价值,酒店的资源得到了最大化的利用。
二、在主打产品基本不变的情况下,增加产品价值,丰富顾客选择。一般来说,在酒店可研阶段,客源定位就基本确定,由此与之配套的主打产品设计成型。因此,面对当前经营困境,一家高星级酒店没有必要考虑将适应商务客源需求的主打产品转型去适应旅游客源需求,而应该考虑将适应境外商务客源需求的产品转向适应境内商务客源需求,即调整这两部分客源的构成比例,将境外商务客源的减少部分,力争通过开发境内市场进行弥补。
具体可采取如下几种做法。首先,留住核心客户群,方法是在他们支付能力被迫降低的情况下,酒店通过降价或升级手段,尽量维持提供客户的产品标准不变;其次,吸引更多的顾客,最大限度地增加所有产品的价值,而增值部分必须为其细分顾客群所认认可。例如比较常见但也确实为顾客乐意接受的方法有减免服务费、提供免费早餐、赠送自助餐券、VIP升级、常客计划双倍积分奖励等;再者,在整合酒店内部资源(例如房间与餐饮、娱乐等的捆绑销售)基础上,整合酒店外部相关可利用资源,例如,国内有些酒店与提供天然健康睡眠用品的公司合作,向客人提供具有安眠功效的睡枕,酒店的目的是发掘、诱导客人的住房需求,而睡枕公司的目的宣传自己的产品。那么,当客人在用了酒店的睡枕感到确实舒服有效的时候,酒店可以把同样的睡枕卖给客人。
酒店在整合外部资源时,必须遵守这样几条原则:第一,酒店、顾客与合作方三方均合理受益;第二,整合进来的外部服务/产品要货真价实;第三,酒店受益不是体现在通过卖合作方的服务/产品获得利润,而是作为促销手段,销售酒店自身的产品;第四,此类做法只是锦上添花,不可过多过滥,影响酒店主业形象。
三、在发挥销售人员主导作用的情况下,提高一线面客员工销售意识。面对正在到来的市场寒冬,首先感觉到寒气逼人的,就是酒店的销售人员———今年的销售任务能不能完成,明年的预算指标是不是还要年年加码?作为酒店的经营决策者,首先要做的工作就是稳定并强化销售队伍。
第一,要深入销售一线,同销售人员一起分析市场的形势与酒店的任务,目的是对市场达成基本共识,对酒店的经营目标达成基本共识;第二,在共识的基础上制定灵活的销售策略,随着市场变化迅速调整;第三,客观地制定销售人员的业绩考核指标,促使他们完成指标的相应支持,包括管理支持,例如各种政策的倾斜,也包括产品支持,例如酒店的客房、餐饮的质量、特色保证等;第四,调动那些有销售才华或有培养潜力的其他部门员工充实到销售队伍中。
酒店的销售离不开全体部门和人员的共同努力,应使全体员工,特别是一线面客员工真正理解并切身感受到酒店销售业绩好坏与自己的关系,例如个人收入、工作评价等。这里并不是说,因为市场形势不好,所以酒店全体员工不管是什么岗位都分配指标去拉客户,而是要求大家在完成好岗位职责的基础上,能够站在酒店销售的立场上,思考酒店的经营与管理。对于一线面客员工,如果他们销售意识提高了,就更容易与二线、销售部合作,形成立体的销售网络。要做到这一步,管理要扁平化,授权向一线下移。
此外,对于基层员工,不要进行过多的原则、理念灌输,应该着重通过案例分析、集体讨论来增强其销售意识,通过启发的方式逐步让一线员工体会、认知、固化。谈销售并不一定就是向顾客推销什么酒店的产品,而是根据自己的岗位特点与顾客的需要随机处理。有时顾客需要的只是一个真诚的微笑,有时顾客需要的只是聊上几句贴心的家常,这些看似简单平常的待客行为,都可以起到意想不到的销售效果。
Ⅵ 求一篇有关市场营销英文的论文5000字
First, services marketing. Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service instry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service procts, proct creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, procts, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the proct's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible procts); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, procts, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of proct marketing, how to promote the exchange of proct services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible procts. However, both services proct marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth. Second, network marketing. Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update proct or price adjustments; rece printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qu, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions. It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend. Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software instry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising instry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage. Third, green marketing. The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free procts based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and determine the marketing mix strategy is based on green technology, green markets and green based on economic, ecological concerns for the human response to a mode of operation. Some developed countries the demand for green procts is very extensive, but developing countries as capital and consumer orientation, quality and consumer reasons, it can not really achieve the greening of all consumer demand. Taiwan for instance, currently only some food, home appliances, communication procts, part-green; while developed countries have adopted a variety of ways and means, including legislation, etc., Lai Tuixing and the achievement of all procts Di green consumption. Thus having a very broad basis of market demand for green marketing activities have laid a solid foundation. To green, for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, the demand for green food can not self-sufficient, the United Kingdom every year, the import of 80% of the total food consumption in Germany is as high as 98%. This indicates that the market potential for green procts is very large, very wide market demand. Green marketing is the twenty-first century consumer demand resulting from a novel marketing idea, that is, green marketing, marketing is also not out of the original theory. Therefore, the development of green marketing model and program selection and integration of related resources can not can not be severed from the original basis of marketing theory can be said that green marketing is the pursuit of health, safety, environmental protection, developed under the ideology of the new ways and means of marketing. Establish a modern enterprise is only a new marketing philosophy of sustainable development, make efforts to green marketing, the development of green procts for green proction, and sustainable development to adapt to the trend. At the same time, enterprises can further "consumer oriented", to promote sustainable consumption patterns of the full development and realization of their obligation to promote social development and ecological development of the responsibilities and obligations, so that their economic, social and environmental benefits .
Ⅶ 帮帮我吧!!我想从中国知网上下载一个关于格力空调营销策略的论文,但是不会充值,你能帮我下一下吗
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Ⅷ 格力空调现行品牌营销策略
你好,著名品牌营销专家谭小芳老师经验指出品牌营销的一个策略回,你参考一下:品牌联答盟是一种重要的品牌策略。企业竞争档次按从低到高的顺序为:产品竞争、服务竞争、品牌竞争和品牌联盟。对品牌联盟的弱者来说是提高自身的一种有效手段。光明牛奶和乐百氏与世界知名公司达能的合作提升了她们的品牌形象。大连万达与世界头号零售企业沃尔玛的合作不但提升了品牌而且得到不少的实惠。名企联盟方式不仅仅局限于同行,不同行业之间的结盟优势互补可能会取得意想不到的效果。比如:可口可乐与方正电脑的合作,可口可乐曾在她的包装、海报和广告上推出了“喝可口可乐中方正电脑大奖”的促销主题。方正把销量惊人的可口可乐当作一种广告媒体,可口可乐也省去自己掏奖品。品牌捆绑是一种双赢策略。