『壹』 畢業論文外文翻譯
物流一詞源於英文的」logistics」，原意是軍事後勤保障，在第二方世界大戰以後被廣泛地應用於經濟領域。美國物流管理協會對物流的定義為」物流是為滿足消費者需求而進行的對原材料、中間產品、最終產品及相關信息從起始地到消費地的有效流動與存儲的、實施和控制的過程」。
物流由四個關鍵部分組成：實質流動、實質存儲、信息流動及管理協調。物流的主要功能是創造時間效用和空間效用，主要方式是通過倉儲克服空間距離。
第三方物流是在物流渠道中由中間商提供的服務，中間商以合同的形式在一定期限內提供需的全部或部分物流服務。第三方物流公司是一個為外部客戶管理、控制和提供物流服務作業的公司。
據統計，歐洲目前使用第三方物流服務的比例為76％，美國約為58％，且其需求仍在增長；歐洲24％和美國33％的非第三方物流服務用戶正在積極考慮使用第三方物流服務。第三方物流作為一個提高物資流通速度、節省倉儲費用和資金在途費用的有效手段，已經越來越引起人們的高度重視。
一、使用第三方物流的優越性
使用第三方物流產可以給企業帶來眾多益處，主要表現在：
1、集中主業
生產企業使用第三方物流可以使企業實現資源的優化配置，將有限的人力、財力集中於核心精力，進行重點研究，發展基本技術，開發新產品參與世界競爭，增強企業的核心競爭力。
2、節省費用
專業的第三方物流提供者利用規模生產的專業優勢和成本優勢，通過提供各環節能力的利用率實現費用節省，使企業能從分離費用結構中獲益。生產企業隨著規模的不斷擴大，對營銷服務的任何程度的深入參與，都會引起費用的大幅度增長，只有使用專業服務公司提供的公共服務，才能夠減少額外損失。根據美國田納西大學、英國EXEL公司和美國EMST&YOUNG咨詢公司共同組織的一項調查顯示：很多貨主表示，使用第三方物流使他們的物流成本平均下降了1.18％，貨物周轉期平均從7.1天縮短到3.9天，庫存降低了8.2％。
3、減少庫存
第三方物流服務提供者藉助精心策劃的物流和適時的運送手段，最大限度地減少庫存，改善了企業的現金流量，實現成本優勢。
4、提升企業形象
第三方物流服務提供與顧客是一種戰略夥伴關系，第三方物流提供者利用完備的設施和訓練有素的員工對整個供應鏈實現完全的控制，減少物流的復雜性，通過自己的網路體系幫助顧客改進服務，不僅樹立自己的品牌形象，而且使顧客在競爭中脫穎而出。
二、我國企業在使用第三方物流方面存在的問題
盡管與第三方物流公司合作有很多優勢，但是很多企業並不是將更多的物流業務外包出去，原因歸結為：
1、抵制變化
很多公司不願意通過物流外包的方式來改變現在的精力模式。尤其是一些國有企業，物
流業務外包還將意味著解僱大批員工，這對於國有企業的管理者來說意味著一個非常大的風險。
2、缺乏認識
企業對於第三方物流公司的認識程度普遍還很低，企業沒有認識到供應鏈管理在企業競爭中的巨大作用。
3、害怕失去控制
由於供應鏈的實施在提高公司競爭力方面的重要作用，很多公司寧願有一個小而全的物流部門，也不情願將這些功能交給別人，主要原因是擔心如果失去內部物流能力，會在客戶交往和其他方面過度依賴第三方物流公司。
4、物流業務外包本身有其復雜性
供應鏈物流業務通常和公司其他業務，如財務、營銷或生產集成在一起，物流業務外包本身就具有復雜性。對一些實際業務，包括運輸和倉儲的集成可能會帶來組織上、行政上和實施上的一系列問題。此外，公司內部信息系統的集成性特點，使得把物流業務交給第三方物流公司來運作變得很困難。
5、衡量物流外包的效果受諸多因素的影響
准確地衡量物流成本對信息技術和人力資源的影響比較困難。很難確定物流業務外包到底能夠給企業帶來多少潛在的成本好外。另外，各個公司業務的獨特性和公司供應鏈作業能力，通常被認為是不宜向外部公開的內部信息，很難准確地比較公司間的供應鏈作業能力。
盡管有些生產企業已經意識到利用第三方物流可以給企業帶來很多好外，但是在實際應用時往往分成幾個步驟，同時選擇數個物流服務提供商作為合作夥伴，以避免將業務交由一個物流服務提供商而帶來的依賴性。
三、我國第三方物流企業在發展中遇到的問題
一個成功的物流企業，必須具備較大的運營規模，建立有效地地區覆蓋區域，具有強大的指揮和控制中心，具備高水準的綜合技術、財務資源和經營策略。
我國第三方物流企業在發展中遇到的問題可以歸納如下：
1、運營模式問題
目前世界大型物流公司大都採取總公司與分公司體制，總部採取集權式物流運作，以業務實行垂直管理。建立現代物流企業必須有一個能力很強、指揮靈活的調控中心對整個物流業務進行控制與協調。真正的現代物流必須是一個指揮中心、一個利潤中心，企業的組織、框架、體制等形式都要與一個中心相匹配。我國的物流企業在運營模式上存在問題，國外物流企業的管理模式值得國內物流企業借鑒。
2、倉儲或運輸能力欠缺
物流的主要功能是創造時間盜用和空間效用。就目前中國的第三方物流企業而言，有些公司偏重於倉儲，運輸能力不足；另外一些公司則是運輸車輛很多而在全國沒有多少倉庫，靠租用社會倉庫來完成對客戶的承諾。
3、網路問題
我國有幾家大的物流企業擁有全車性的倉儲網路或貨運網路，但是這個網路的覆蓋區域並不是十全十美的。客戶在選擇物流合作夥伴時，很關注網路的覆蓋區域及網路網點的密度問題。有關網點的建設問題應引起物流企業的重視。
4、信息技術
世界大的物流企業都擁有」一流三網」，即訂單信息流、全球供應鏈資源網路、全球用戶資源網路和計算機信息網路。憑借先進的計算機管理技術，這些物流客戶也是高附加值產品的生產企業，國內物流企業必須在信息系統上增加投入才可以改變自己的市場定位。
集中與整合是第三方物流企業的發展趨勢。原因是：第一，大的公司有意將供應鏈的主要環節外包給盡可能少的幾家物流公司；第二，建立一個高效的全球第三方物流企業所需資本的投入日益增加；第三，許多第三方物流供應商都通過兼並和聯合的方式來擴大其服務能力。
Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate procts, final procts and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "
Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.
Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.
According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.
First, the advantages of using a third-party logistics
The use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in:
1, focus on core business
Manufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new procts in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.
2, cost-saving
Professional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass proction and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.
3, rection of inventory
Third-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.
4, enhance the corporate image
Third-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, recing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.
Second, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in
While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:
1, resistance to change
Many companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, were
Flow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.
2, lack of awareness
For third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in the competition.
3, fear of losing control
As a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies.
4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexity
Supply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or proction of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.
5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factors
Accurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.
Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence.
Third, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered
A successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.
China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:
1, operating model
At present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.
2, the lack of storage or transport capacity
The primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers.
3, network problems
There are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.
4, information technology
The world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the proction of high value-added procts business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.
Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of enterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.
可以給我分了吧？ 嘿嘿
『貳』 「市場定位」和「目標客戶」怎麼翻譯
market positionning
target customer
dynamic
樓下說的抄那是字典意思
我給的是實際應用
就是這么用的
voice of American 有個節目就叫dynamic english
難道你翻譯成動態英語？
『叄』 一篇有關於市場營銷STP策略的外文文獻及中文翻譯，中文翻譯3000字左右！
童鞋你好！
這個估計需要自己搜索了！
網上基本很難找到免費給你服務的！
我在這里給你點搜索國際上常用的外文資料庫：
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⑴ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
⑵Elsevier SDOL資料庫 IEEE/IEE(IEL)
⑶EBSCOhost RSC英國皇家化學學會
⑷ACM美國計算機學會 ASCE美國土木工程師學會
⑸Springer電子期刊 WorldSciNet電子期刊全文庫
⑹Nature周刊 NetLibrary電子圖書
⑺ProQuest學位論文全文資料庫
⑻國道外文專題資料庫 CALIS西文期刊目次資料庫
⑼推薦使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
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中文翻譯得自己做了，實在不成就谷歌翻譯。
弄完之後，自己閱讀幾遍弄順了就成啦！
學校以及老師都不會看這個東西的！
外文翻譯不是論文的主要內容！
所以，很容易過去的！
祝你好運！
『肆』 關於」軟飲料市場定位及競爭戰略「論文至少2篇外文文獻，還沒翻譯的也行，麻煩了，好的話我分就抖給了。
可以到我的網路博客看下，有國外大學圖書館的入專口和帳號。屬
http://hi..com/pxpsd/blog/item/f11407de357a455295ee3726.html
『伍』 "進行正確的市場定位"英文怎麼翻譯
set an appropriate market location
『陸』 市場地位和市場定位 怎麼翻譯 難不成都是Market Position。。。。
市場地位market status
市場定位Market Positioning
『柒』 找3篇市場定位方面的英文參考文獻
Market Positioning - http://tenonline.org/art/mm1/9305.html Falling in love! As entrepreneurs, we do it every day. Our passionate belief in, and commitment to, our proct (or service) makes all things seem possible. The most successful entrepreneurs learn to transform their passion into position. Positioning is a perceptual location. It's where your proct or service fits into the marketplace. Effective positioning puts you first in line in the minds of potential customers. As indivials, we continually position ourselves. The responsible older sibling, the class clown, a number cruncher, a super genius are all examples of positioning. These identifiers help us define ourselves and distinguish our abilities as unique and different from other people. Positioning is a powerful tool that allows you to create an image. And image is the outward representation of being who you want to be, doing what you want to do, and having what you want to have. Positioning yourself can lead to personal fulfillment. Being positioned by someone else restricts your choices and limits your opportunities. That's why it's so important for entrepreneurs to transform their passion into a market position. If you don't define your proct or service, a competitor will do it for you. Your position in the market place evolves from the defining characteristics of your proct. The primary elements of positioning are: Pricing . Is your proct a luxury item, somewhere in the middle, or cheap, cheap, cheap. Quality . Total quality is a much used and abused phrase. But is your proct well proced? What controls are in place to assure consistency? Do you back your quality claim with customer-friendly guarantees, warranties, and return policies? Service . Do you offer the added value of customer service and support? Is your proct customized and personalized? Distribution . How do customers obtain your proct? The channel or distribution is part of positioning. Packaging . Packaging makes a strong statement. Make sure it's delivering the message you intend. Positioning is your competitive strategy. What's the one thing you do best? What's unique about your proct or service? Identify your strongest strength and use it to position your proct. The proct Nyquil was conceived as a superior daytime cough suppressant. Unfortunately, it made people drowsy. Determined to recoup proct development costs, the side affect of drowsiness was then transformed into a powerful positioning strategy. Nyquil became "the night time, coughing, sniffling, sneezing so you can rest" medicine. Nyquil created and owned the nighttime cold remedy market. As the Baptist minister of my childhood would say at the conclusion of a lengthy sermon, "I've said all that to say this". Positioning, when used effectively, can help you be first in the mind. Being first in mind equals ownership. Market ownership allows you to be a big fish in a small pond. When you're a big fish, you can always increase the size of the pond.
希望採納
『捌』 「產品檔次」，「市場定位」用英語具體怎麼說
1. 此外，還減少或避免了對穩定劑的需求，因此提高了產品檔次。 they can rece or avoid additives like stabilizers and market their proct with the desired clean label. 2. 目前，公司在技術水平，產品檔次，產品質量和開發能力等方面均居同行業前列。 We offer from TN, HTN, STN, FSTN type LCD to COB, COG, TAB type LCD moles. 3. 我廠向用戶提供高質量鐵絲和鐵絲製品，為用戶提供優質的售後服務，提升用戶的產品檔次。 We sell high quality procts with high quality service to the customers thus to raise the procts levels of the customers. 市場定位: 1. Market Positioning Concentrated Marketing 集中性營銷 Market Positioning 市場定位 2. Positioning ...nt）考慮細分的因素勾勒細分市場輪廓；確定目標市場（Targeting）實質上是分析評估細分市場的吸引力；而市場定位（Positioning）是為每個細分市場確定可能的定位，並選擇進一步的發展和溝通。 3. marketing posITioning 市場定位(Marketing positioning)是指企業根據所選定的目標市場的競爭狀況和自身條件，確定企業和產品在目標市場上的特色、形象和位置的過程 。
『玖』 市場定位的英文怎麼說
Market Positioning