⑴ 求兩篇關於電子商務英文參考文獻
http://59.42.244.59/Readers/Index.aspx
http://www.nstl.gov.cn/index.html
⑵ 求一篇外貿電子商務的論文(5000字左右,不低於4000字)
電子商務或者跨境電商寫一篇不少於四?IU
⑶ 英語翻譯:電子商務類論文摘要
In the world of information economy transformation process, the traditional business because there are too many defects, has insufficient now under the condition of the trade environment. Electronic commerce as Internet technology development, is the direct result of the development of the new direction of future business.
This paper is divided into three parts, the first part introces briefly the characteristics of e-commerce in the international trade and the function of electronic commerce, understand the basic function is to use electronic commerce development international trade. The second part about the impact of e-commerce on international trade, including e-commerce for the development of international trade opportunities and challenges, and electronic commerce promotes international trade innovation. Timely e-commerce to international trade, which is beneficial to the impact of the current international situation seize opportunities about international trade development. The third part is the key, is under the e-commerce development international trade measures. Should include e-commerce development problems, and use of the electronic commerce to develop international market, and actively promote the development of e-commerce and use of the electronic commerce to promote the development of international trade. Based on the analysis of the problems in the international e-commerce, the countermeasures in international trade.
⑷ 請給一篇:中國電子商務發展概況 英文版論文 不勝感激!
有關我國電子商務發展現狀及趨勢研究
[摘要]在全球信息化大勢所驅的影響下,各國的電子商務不斷的改進和完善,電子商務成為各個國家和各大公司爭奪的焦點。研究探討電子商務現狀和制定實施恰當的電子商務的政策問題就十分迫切。而在我國,計算機與網路技術的普及與發展,電子商務迅速崛起,眾多的信息技術企業、風險投資公司、生產流通企業紛紛開展電子商務。
[關鍵詞] 電子商務 發展現狀 分析
電子商務源於英文ELECTRONIC COMMERCE,簡寫為EC。顧名思義,其內容包含兩方面,一是電子方式,二是商貿活動。一般來說是指利用電子信息網路等電子化手段進行的商務活動,是指商務活動的電子化、網路化。廣義而言,電子商務還包括政府機構、企事業單位各種內部業務的電子化。電子商務可被看作是一種現代化的商業和行政作業方法,這種方法通過改善產品和服務質量、提高服務傳遞速度,滿足政府組織、廠商和消費者的降低成本的需求,並通過計算機網路加快信息交流以支持決策。電子商務可以包括通過電子方式進行的各項社會活動。隨著信息技術的發展,電子商務的內涵和外延也在不斷充實和擴展,並不斷被賦予新的含義,開拓出更廣闊的應用空間。
電子商務將成為二十一世紀人類信息世界的核心,也是網路應用的發展方向,具有無法預測的增長前景。電子商務還將構築二十一世紀新型的經濟貿易框架。大力發展電子商務,對於國家以信息化帶動工業化的戰略,實現跨越式發展,增強國家競爭力,具有十分重要的戰略意義。
一、電子商務市場發展前景誘人
雖然目前還不能預測電子商務交易模式何時能成為主流模式,但電子商務的市場發展潛力是無窮的,因為:一方面,潛在消費者的發展速度驚人。據聯合國貿發會議《2002年電子商務發展報告》顯示,到2002年底,全球英特網用戶已達6.5億之眾。在中國,據中國互聯網信息中心(CNNIC)最新的調查報告顯示,截止2003年6月底,上網用戶已達到6800萬,比去年同期增長48.5%,而1997年10月首次調查結果只有62萬,幾年間增長了109。7倍。他們中的一部分已是電子商務的消費者,而更多的則是這個快速發展市場的潛在消費者。另一方面,電子商務交易額快速增長。
二、我國電子商務面臨的問題
1、 電子商務的搜索功能問題
當在網上購物時,用戶面臨的一個很大的問題就是如何在眾多的網站找到自己想要的物品,並以最低的價格買到。搜索引擎看起來很簡單:用戶輸入一個查詢關鍵詞,搜索引擎就按照關鍵詞語到資料庫去查找,並返回最合適的WEB頁連接。但根據NEC研究所與INKTOMI公司最近研究結果表明,目前在互連網上至少10億網頁需要建立索引。而現在搜索引擎僅僅能對5億網頁建立索引,仍然有一半不能索引。這主要不是由於技術原因,而是由於在線商家希望保護商品價格的隱私權。因此當用戶在網上購物時,不得不一個網站一個網站搜索下去,直到找到滿意價格的物品。
2、電子商務的安全性問題
電子商務的安全問題仍是影響電子商務發展的主要因素。由於INTERNET的迅速流行,電子商務引起了廣泛的注意,被公認為是未來IT最有潛力的新的增長點。然而,在開放的網路上處理交易,如何保證傳輸數據的安全成為電子商務能否普及的最重要的因數之一。調查公司曾對電子商務的應用前景進行過在線調查,當問到為什麼不願意在線購物時,絕大多數人的問題是擔心遭到黑客的侵襲而導致信用卡信息丟失。因此,有一部分人或企業因擔心安全問題而不願意使用電子商務,安全成為電子商務發展中最大的障礙。如:安全可靠的通訊網路;有效防護連接在網路上的信息系統;有效防止資料被盜去或盜用;培訓電子商務人才,使其了解如何防護其信息系統和資料的安全。
3、電子商務管理的問題
電子商務的多姿多彩給世界帶來了全新的商務規則和方式,這更加要求在管理上要做到規范,這個管理的概念應該涵蓋商務管理,技術管理,服務管理等多方面,因此要同時在這些方面達到一個比較令人滿意的規范程度,不是一時半時就可以做到的。另外電子商務平台的前後端相一致也是非常重要的。前台的WEB平台是直接面向消費者的,是電子商務的門面。而後台的內部經營管理體系則是完成電子商務的必要條件,它關繫到前台所承接的業務最終能不能得到很好的實現。一個完善的後台系統更能體現一個電子商務公司的綜合實力,因為它將最終決定提供給用戶的是什麼樣的服務,決定電子商務的管理是不是有效,決定電子商務公司最終能不能實現贏利。
4、電子商務的稅務問題
稅務,是一個國家重要的財政來源。由於電子商務的交易活動是在沒有固定場所的國際信息網路環境下進行,造成國家難以控制和收取電子商務的稅金。因此,在指定與電子商務有關的政策法規時,需要重新審視傳統的稅收政策和手段,建立新的,有效的稅收機制。
5、電子商務的標准問題
各國的國情不同,電子商務的交易方式和手段當然也存在某些差異,而且我們要面對無國界,全球性的貿易活動,因此需要在電子商務交易過動中建立相關的,統一的國際性標准,以解決電子商務活動的相互操作問題。中國電子商務目前的問題是概念不清,搞電子的商務,搞商務的搞電子,呈現一種離散,無序,局部的狀態。因此,目前需要解決三個問題:一是解決統一標準的電子商務綜合服務平台;二是電子商務的關鍵在於業務,應用是其龍頭,因此要把各種各樣的業務和服務接進來;三是解決互連互通的標准問題。
6、 電子商務的費用支出問題
由於金融手段落後,信用制度不健全,中國人更喜歡現金交易,沒有使用信用卡的習慣。而在美國,現金交易較少,國民購物基本上採用信息卡支付,而且國家處於金融,稅收,治安等方面的原因,也鼓勵使用信息卡以減少現金的流通。完善的金融制度方便,可靠,安全的支付手段是B 2 C電子商務發展的基本條件。不難看出,影響我國電子商務發展的不單是網路帶寬的狹窄,上網費用的昂貴,人才的不足以及配送的滯後,更重要的原應來自於信用制度不健全與人們的生活習慣。因此,我們應該加大金融改革力度,健全法制,建立信用制度,正確引導人們改變一些生活習慣,為我國B 2 C電子商務的發展創造有利的發展環境。
7、電子商務的合同法律問題
在電子商務中,傳統商務交易所採取的書面合同已經不適用了。一方面,電子合同存在容易編造,難以證明其真實性和有效性的問題;另一方面,現有的法律尚未對電子合同的數字化印章和簽名的法律效率進行規范。此外,現有的技術還無法做到對數字印章和簽名的唯一性,保密性進行准確無誤的認定。如何保證電子商務活動中合同的有效性及電子印章和電子簽名的有效性,是保證電子商務正常發展的重要因素之一。
三、 如何進一步改善我國電子商務發展環境的主要措施
電子商務是一項巨大的、復雜的系統工程,不可能一蹴而就。從中長期來講,應從以下方面入手加以推動和引導:
1、做好電子商務的發展規劃和宏觀指導
電子商務是一項新生事物,其技術發展速度很快,業務方式沒有最終定型,給政策的制定帶來了一定的困難。這就要求政策制定者對市場的變化保持高度的敏感,加強研究,適時制定鼓勵電子商務發展的政策。在這一過程中,相關的中介組織,如行業協會等應充分發揮自己聯系政府和企業的紐帶作用,做好企業與政府部門的信息溝通,協助政府做好產業發展規劃。
2、加強基礎設施建設
電子商務是基於信息網路的商務活動,需要建設必要的信息基礎設施和手段,包括各種信息傳輸網路的建設、信息傳輸設備的研製、信息技術的開發等,使電子商務的發展奠定在堅實的環境建設基礎上。要構建一個值得信賴並能夠保證信息的完整性和安全性的多層次的開放的網路體系,加強基礎網路的建設,改善國內用戶環境。
3、 加強電子商務宣傳和人才培養
目前,部門、行業信息的電子化方面力量嚴重不足:而沒有各個部門、行業信息的電子化,電子商務就只能是紙上談兵。所以,充分利用各種途徑和手段培養、引進並合理使用好一批素質較高、層次合理、專業配套的網路、計算機及經營管理的專業人才,是我國電子商務建設成功的根本保證。同時,面對電子商務的安全問題,政府有關部門組織有關企業和研究單位制定安全技術,這是責無旁貸的。
4、 加強政府的示範和引導,開展電子商務示範工程
通過實施政府信息化,提高政府工作效率和透明度,促進政府與社會的溝通;發展政府部門之間的非支付性電子商務,促進有關部門在電子商務實施中的關系協調,推動管理部門聯網,實現商務管理電子化;發展政府和企業間的電子商務,實現政府采購網路化。有針對性地扶持重點行業、企業開展電子商務,通過試點總結經驗加以推廣。
四、 我國電子商務的發展趨勢分析
1、 縱深化趨勢
電子商務的基礎設施將日益完善,支撐環境逐步趨向規范,企業發展電子商務的深度進一步拓展,個人參與電子商務的深度也將得到拓展。圖象通信網,多媒體通信網將建成使用,三網合一潮流勢不可擋,高速寬頻互連網將扮演越來越重要的角色,制約中國電子商務發展的網路瓶頸有望得到緩解和逐步解決。我國電子商務的發展將具備良好的網路平台和運行環境。電子商務的支撐環境逐步趨向規范和完善。個人對電子商務的應用將從目前點對點的直線方式走向多點的智能式發展。
2、 個性化趨勢
個性化定製信息需求將會強勁,個性化商品的深度參與成為必然。互連網的出現,發展和普及本身就是對傳統秩序型經濟社會組織中個人的一種解放,使個性的張揚和創造力的發揮有了一個更加有利的平台,也使消費者主權的實現有了更有效的技術基礎。在這方面,個性化定製信息需求和個性化商品需求將成為發展方向,消費者把個人的篇好參與到商品的設計和製造過程中去,對所有面向個人消費者的電子商務活動來說,提供多樣化的比傳統商業更具有個性化的服務,是決定今後成敗的關鍵因素。
3、專業化趨勢
面向消費者的垂直型網站和專業化網站前景看好,面向行業的專業電子商務平台發展潛力大。一是面向個人 消費者的專業化趨勢。要滿足消費者個性化的要求,提供專業化的產品線和專業水準的服務至關重要。今後若干年內我國上網人口仍將是以中高收入水平的人群為豬,他們購買力強,受教育程度高,消費個性化需求比較強烈。
4、 國際化趨勢
中國電子商務必然走向世界,同時也面臨著世界電子商務強手的嚴峻挑戰。互連網最大的優勢之一就是超越時間,空間的限制,能夠有效地打破國家和地區之間各種有形和無形的障礙,這對促進每個國家和地區對外經濟,技術,資金,信息等的交流將起到革命年個 的作用。電子商務將有力的刺激對外貿易。因此,我國電子商務企業將隨著國際電子商務環境的規范和完善逐步走向世界。我國企業可以由此同發達國家真正站在一個起跑線上,變我國在市場經濟軌道上的後發劣勢為後發優勢。電子商務對我國的中小企業開拓國際市場,利用好國外各種資源是一個千載難逢的有利時機。同時,國外電子商務企業將努力開拓中國市場。隨著中國加入WTO,這方面的障礙將逐步得以消除。
5、 區域化優勢
立足中國國情採取有重點的區域化戰略是有效擴大網上營銷規模和效益的必然途徑。中國電子商務的區域由優勢與前面強調的國際化優勢並不矛盾。區域化優勢是就中國獨特的國情條件而言的。中國是一個人口眾多,幅員遼闊的大過,社會群體在收入,觀念,文化水平的很多方面都有不同的特點。
6、 融合化趨勢
電子商務網站在最初的全面開花直後必然走向新的融合。一是同類網站之間的合並。目前大量的網站屬於「重復建設」,定位相同或相近,業務內容相似,激烈競爭的結果只能是少數企業最終勝出,處於弱勢狀態的網站最終免不了被吃掉或者關門的結果。二是同類別網站之間互補性的兼並。那些處於領先地位的電子商務企業在資源,品牌,客戶規模等諸方面雖然有很大優勢,但這畢竟是相對而言的,與國外著名電子商務企業相比不不是一個數量級的。這些具備良好基礎和發展前景的網站在擴張的過程中必然採取收購策略,主要的模式將是互補性收購。三是戰略聯盟。由於個性化,專業化是電子商務發展的兩大趨勢,每個網站在資源方面總是有限的,客戶需求又是全方位的,所以不同類型的網站以戰略聯盟的形式互相協作必成為必然。
總之,隨著經濟全球化和信息技術與信息產業迅速發展,電子商務將成為今後信息交流的熱點,成為各國爭先發展,各個產業部門最為關注的領域。中國電子商務雖然還處在初始階段,面臨著體制,技術,管理等諸多問題,但是已邁出可喜的一步。我們只有具備戰略性和前瞻性的眼光,適應全球經濟一體化的趨勢,努力發展適合我國國情的電子商務,才能立於不敗之地。
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僅供參考,請自借鑒
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⑸ 求電子商務論文外文翻譯
原文pdf格式+翻譯好的word文檔格式已排版好,外文翻譯一篇
⑹ 求一篇電子商務的英文文獻,字元2.5萬以上
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⑺ 電子商務論文摘要翻譯成英文
Abstract: With the rapid development of information technology, human beings are entering a web-based information age, Internet-based e-commerce has been carried out by people graally become a new model of business activities, more and more people through the Internet to conct business activities, prospects for the development of e-commerce is very attractive. But how to protect the security of e-commerce transactions and to promote its own development, the establishment of e-commerce credit mechanism, is currently facing a major problem, in addition to theory and legislation to strengthen and improve the credit of building the rule of law, the use of information security and authentication technologies such as encryption of e-commerce security has become the key to solve the problem, we must adopt advanced technology for online security of data, information sender, the identity of the recipient to confirm that all parties to ensure the safety of information transmission, complete , reliability and non-repudiation of transactions. Network can be accessed through a lot of information transmission through the network can also be a wealth of information, how to confirm the correctness of this information? Particularly in relation to the issue of e-commerce, how to prevent side to deny the transaction to avoid their own losses, how to avoid people to sign documents and forgery of documents and so on. For these problems, how to resolve this issue digital signature technology research is to solve this problem.
Key words: digital signature; e-commerce; blind signature
⑻ 電子商務英文文獻
Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, consists of the buying and selling of procts or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade concted electronically has grown extraordinarily since the spread of the Internet. A wide variety of commerce is concted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well.
A large percentage of electronic commerce is concted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e-tail. Almost all big retailers have electronic commerce presence on the World Wide Web.
Electronic commerce that is concted between businesses is referred to as Business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g. commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants (private electronic market).
Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions.
History
Early development
The meaning of electronic commerce has changed over the last 30 years. Originally, electronic commerce meant the facilitation of commercial transactions electronically, using technology such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). These were both introced in the late 1970s, allowing businesses to send commercial documents like purchase orders or invoices electronically. The growth and acceptance of credit cards, automated teller machines (ATM) and telephone banking in the 1980s were also forms of electronic commerce. From the 1990s onwards, electronic commerce would additionally include enterprise resource planning systems (ERP), data mining and data warehousing.
Perhaps it is introced from the Telephone Exchange Office, or maybe not.The earliest example of many-to-many electronic commerce in physical goods was the Boston Computer Exchange, a marketplace for used computers launched in 1982. The first online information marketplace, including online consulting, was likely the American Information Exchange, another pre-Internet online system introced in 1991.
Timeline
1990: Tim Berners-Lee wrote the first web browser, WorldWideWeb, using a NeXT computer.
1992: J.H. Snider and Terra Ziporyn published Future Shop: How New Technologies Will Change the Way We Shop and What We Buy. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312063598.
1994: Netscape released the Navigator browser in October under the code name Mozilla. Pizza Hut offered pizza ordering on its Web page. The first online bank opened. Attempts to offer flower delivery and magazine subscriptions online. Alt materials were also commercially available, as were cars and bikes. Netscape 1.0 in late 1994 introced SSL encryption that made transactions secure.
1995: Jeff Bezos launched Amazon.com and the first commercial-free 24 hour, internet-only radio stations, Radio HK and NetRadio started broadcasting. Dell and Cisco began to aggressively use Internet for commercial transactions. eBay was founded by computer programmer Pierre Omidyar as AuctionWeb.
1998: Electronic postal stamps can be purchased and downloaded for printing from the Web.
1999: business.com was sold for US $7.5 million, which was purchased in 1997 for US $150,000. The peer-to-peer filesharing software Napster was launched.
2000: The dot-com bust.
2003: Amazon.com had its first year with a full year of profit.
Business applications
Some common applications related to electronic commerce are:
E-mail and messaging
Documents, spreadsheets, database
Accounting and finance systems
Orders and shipment information
Enterprise and client information reporting
Domestic and international payment systems
Newsgroup
On-line Shopping
Messaging
Conferencing
Government regulations
In the United States, some electronic commerce activities are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). These activities include the use of commercial e-mails, online advertising and consumer privacy. The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 establishes national standards for direct marketing over e-mail. The Federal Trade Commission Act regulates all forms of advertising, including online advertising, and states that advertising must be truthful and non-deceptive.[1] Using its authority under Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive practices, the FTC has brought a number of cases to enforce the promises in corporate privacy statements, including promises about the security of consumers』 personal information.[2] As result, any corporate privacy policy related to e-commerce activity may be subject to enforcement by the FTC.
Forms
Contemporary electronic commerce involves everything from ordering "digital" content for immediate online consumption, to ordering conventional goods and services, to "meta" services to facilitate other types of electronic commerce.
On the consumer level, electronic commerce is mostly concted on the World Wide Web. An indivial can go online to purchase anything from books, grocery to expensive items like real estate. Another example will be online banking like online bill payments, buying stocks, transferring funds from one account to another, and initiating wire payment to another country. All these activities can be done with a few keystrokes on the keyboard.
On the institutional level, big corporations and financial institutions use the internet to exchange financial data to facilitate domestic and international business. Data integrity and security are very hot and pressing issues for electronic commerce these days.
電子商務或EC(英語: E-Commerce)是指在互聯網(Internet)、企業內部網 (Intranet) 和增值網(VAN, Added Network)上以電子交易方式進行交易活動和相關服務活動,是傳統商業活動各環節的電子化、網路化。電子商務包括電子貨幣交換、供應鏈管理、電子交易市場、網路營銷、在線事務處理、電子數據交換(EDI)、存貨管理和自動數據收集系統。在此過程中,利用到的信息技術包括:互聯網、外聯網、電子郵件、資料庫、電子目錄和行動電話。
而廣義上的電子商務—電子業務或EB(英語: E-Business)則是指對整個商業活動實現電子化,也就是指應用電腦與網路技術與現代信息化通信技術,按照一定標准,利用電子化工具(有時甚至指整個電子媒介領域,包括廣播、電視、電話通訊等等)來實現包括電子商務(或電子交易)在內的商業交換和行政作業的商貿活動的全過程。
發展歷史
在過去的30年間,電子商務的概念發生了很大的變化. 最初,電子商務意味著利用電子化的手段,將商業買賣活動簡化,通常使用的技術包括電子數據交換(EDI)和電子貨幣轉帳,這些技術均是在20世紀70年代末期開始應用。典型的應用是將采購訂單和發票之類的商業文檔通過電子數據的方式發送出去。
電子商務中的「電子」指的是採用的技術和系統,而「商務」指的是傳統的商業模式。電子商務被定義為一整套通過網路支持商業活動的過程。在70年代和80年代,信息分析技術進入電子商務。80年代,隨著信用卡、自動櫃員機和電話銀行的逐漸被接受和應用,這些也成為電子貿易的組成部分。進入90年代,企業資源計劃(ERP)、數據挖掘和數據倉庫也成為電子商務的一個部分。
在「.COM」時代,電子商務增加了新的組成部分——「網路貿易」,客戶在數據加密傳輸技術支持下,利用網上商店的虛擬購物車和信用卡等電子貨幣支付形式,通過互聯網完成商品和服務的采購。
如今,電子商務的涵蓋十分廣泛的商業行為,從電子銀行到信息化的物流管理。電子商務的增長促進了支持系統的發展和進步, 包括後台支持系統、應用系統和中間件,例如寬頻和光纖網路、供應鏈管理模塊、原料規劃模塊、客戶關系管理模塊、存貨控制模塊和會計核算/企業財務模塊。
當互聯網在1994進入公眾的視線時,很多記者和學者預測電子貿易將很快成為主要的商業應用模式。然而,安全協議(例如HTTPS)用了四年的時間才發展的足夠成熟並獲得大范圍的應用。接下來,在1998年和2000年之間,大量的美國和西歐公司開發了許多不成熟的網站。
雖然大量的「純電子商務」公司在2000年和2001年的「.COM」衰退期消失了,還是有很多傳統的「水泥加磚塊」的零售企業認識到這些「.COM」公司揭示了潛在的有價值的市場空間,開始將電子商務的功能增加到網站上。例如,在在線食品銷售公司Webvan倒閉後,兩家傳統的連鎖超級市場Albertsons和Safeway都開始了附屬的電子商務功能,消費者可以直接在線訂購食品。
電子商務的成功因素
技術和組織方面
在很多案例中,一個電子商務公司存活下來,不僅僅是基於自身的產品,而且還擁有一個有能力的管理團隊、良好的售前服務、組織良好的商業結構、網路基礎和一個安全的,設計良好的網站,這些因素包括:
足夠的市場研究和分析。電子商務需要有可行的商業計劃並遵守供需的基本原理。在電子商務領域的失敗往往和其他商業領域的一樣,缺乏對商業基本原則的領會。
一支出色的被信息技術策略武裝起來的管理團隊。一個公司的信息戰略需要成為商業流程重組的一個部分。
為客戶提供一個方便而且安全的方式進行交易。信用卡是最互聯網上普遍的支付手段,大約90%的在線支付均使用信用卡的方式完成。在過去,加密的信用卡號碼信息通過獨立的第三方支付網關在顧客和商戶之間傳遞,現在大部分小企業和個體企業還是如此。如今大部分規模稍大的公司直接在網站上通過與商業銀行或是信用卡公司之間的協議處理信用卡交易。
提供高可靠性和安全性的交易。例如利用並行計算、硬體冗餘、失敗處理、信息加密和網路防火牆技術來達到這個需求。
提供360度視角的客戶關系,即確保無論是公司的雇員、供應商還是夥伴均可以獲得對客戶完整和一致的視角,而不是被選擇或者過濾得信息。因為,客戶不會對在權威主義(老大哥)監視的感覺有好的評價。
構建一個商業模型。如果在2000年的教科書上有這麼一段,很多「.com」公司可能不會破產。
設計一個電子商務價值鏈,關注在數量有限的核心競爭力上,而不是一個一站購齊的解決方案。如果合適的編製程序,網路商店可以在專業或者通用的特性中獲得其中一個。
運作最前沿或者盡可能的接近最前沿的技術,並且在緊緊跟隨技術的變化。(但是需要記住,商業的基本規則和技術的基本規則有很大的區別,不要同樣在商業模式上趕時髦)
建立一個足夠敏感和敏捷的組織,及時應對在經濟、社會和環境上發生的任何變化。
提供一個有足夠吸引力的網站。有品味的使用顏色、圖片、動畫、照片、字體和足夠的留白空間可以達到這一目標。
流暢的商業流程,可以通過流程再造和信息技術來獲得。
提供能完全理解商品和服務的信息,不僅僅包括全部產品信息還有可靠的顧問建議和挑選建議。
自然,電子商務供應商行業需要履行普世的原則,例如保證提供的商品的質量和可用性、物流的可靠性,並且及時有效的處理客戶的投訴。在網路環境下,有一個獨一無二的特點,客戶可以獲得遠多於傳統的「磚塊+水泥」地商業環境下關於商家
顧客為先
一個成功的電子商務機構必須提供一個既滿意而又具意義的經驗給顧客。都由各種顧客為先因素構成,包括以下:
提供額外的利益給顧客: 電子銷售商如要做到這一點,可提供產品或其產品系列,以一個較低的價格吸引潛在的客戶、如傳統商貿一樣.
提供優質服務: 提供一個互動及易於使用的購買經驗及場所,亦如傳統零售商一樣, 都有助某程度上達至上述目標。為鼓勵顧客再回來購買。可利用贈品或促銷禮券、優惠及折扣等。 還可以互相連接其他相關網站和廣告聯盟等。
提供個人服務: 提供個人化的網站、購買建議、個人及特別優惠的方式,有助增加互動、人性化來代替傳統的銷售方式。
提供社區意識: 可以聊天室、討論板以及一些忠誠顧客計劃(亦稱親和力計劃)都對提供社區意識有一定的幫助。
令顧客擁有全面性的體驗: 提供電子個人化服務,根據顧客的喜好,提供個別服務,使顧客感受與別不同的體驗,便可成為公司獨特的賣點及品牌。
自助方式: 提供自助式服務網站、易用及無須協助的環境,都有一定的幫助。包括所有的產品資料,交叉推銷信息、諮詢產品補替、用品及配件選擇等。
提供各種資訊: 如個人電子通訊錄、網上購物等。透過豐富的比較資料及良好的搜索設備,提供信息和構件安全、健康的評論給顧客。可協助個人電子服務來確定更多潛在顧客。
失敗因素
個人資料的外泄是最大的因素,如果有駭客破解網頁原始碼,並在網頁上種下木馬或是病毒,只要你登入並打上個人資料,駭客便可以馬上知道你在網頁上打下哪些個人資料。所以如何保護顧客的個資等是電子商務最大的問題,如果不妥善處理,那此電子店家便會被淘汰。
⑼ 求英語論文 論電子商務的發展對我國國際貿易的影響,能下載的,萬分感謝
(1) to promote the process of China's foreign trade commerce
The central government and local government functions with the organization and management, the Government must strive to improve the regulation of foreign trade management of e-commerce capabilities.
First, the Government should strive to foster e-commerce market. As e-commerce market require large market, big trade, the flow of the environment, for unity, development, competitive and orderly market and the rule of law, which requires the Government should give full play to the role of macro-control, breaking the regional protection and blocking, fragmentation, real guarantee of a favorable environment for the formation of e-commerce development.
Second, in promoting e-commerce environment, the Commerce Department proposed the "Electronic Signature Law" draft, made a report to the NPC Standing Committee. Ministry of Commerce initiated the next step "electronic contract law" of the building, last year it has been included in the legislation plan, the operation is still active. There are "Privacy Act", the Ministry of Commerce is also in the pipeline. Ministry of Commerce also legal issues with the United States and other countries had a positive exchange. Third, the Government should also strive to ensure that there are appropriate access to online resources, that is, information related to electronic commerce to ensure the quantity and quality of resources, efforts to foster foreign trade e-commerce market.
(2) improve the legal
Application of e-commerce needs of foreign trade to build the necessary laws and regulations, determine the enterprise and between enterprises, governments and enterprises, enterprises and consumers, between the Government and the Government must be clear when e-commerce and compliance with legal obligations and responsibilities, and strict management according to law, to regulate foreign commerce of the market order. Government laws and regulations in the development process of e-commerce should be noted:
First, the government should play a coordinating function, organization government, enterprises, instry associations and groups, consumers and other stakeholders in dialogue and consultation, listen to their comments, suggestions, and overall balance interests of all parties to ensure that laws and regulations transparency and fairness, so that all parties benefit, and to maximize the release of e-commerce potential.
Second, the Government enacted laws and regulations note that the basic principle is to solve problems, management problems can be determined by the instry and market to the ideal legal framework for electronic commerce should be government regulation and instry self-discipline combination.
Third, the laws and regulations should take into account the development trend of electronic commerce, not only for the current or future situation within a period of time applicability, but also be flexible and forward-looking, to keep under the new circumstances, new problems and new Measures to be revised and supplemented.
August 28, 2004, "Electronic Signature Law of the PRC" in the People's Republic of the Tenth National People's Congress Standing Committee passed the eleventh meeting, which marked China's first "real soil of information law" officially born. The law will be April 1, 2005 began implementation.
Fourth, e-commerce policies with other related policies (such as telecommunications policy and competition policy) in harmony, not conflict with each other. Finally, it should e-commerce policy and international standards, so that China's policies, systems and standardized.
(3) actively participate in the formulation of new rules of international trade
China's accession to WTO, will help China in the World Trade Organization involved in the development of international trade regulations, and access to the world economic and trade information, so as to promote China's foreign trade to further improve the environment. After joining WTO, China has been directly involved in international trade can play an important role in the laws, regulations, discussion and development, publish favorable views of China's trade development, as much as possible so that our country benefit from the WTO's multilateral trading system. Meanwhile, China is a party, other members can get a relatively complete trade policies, trade regulations, trade statistics, trade trends and other relevant documents, to keep abreast of new trends in national trade policies, and to adjust China's foreign trade policy. In addition, information channels, will help us to get more technology, to carry out the invisible trade, accelerate the development of export-oriented economy, and thus have the conditions for the establishment of a unified and fair new rules for international trade efforts.
(4) to strengthen the construction of credit system
In addition to legal support, to establish a credit system in e-commerce process, there are two other important role, the Government and instry self-regulation and intermediary institutions. In China, some instry self-regulatory bodies and government agencies are often affiliated. Shanghai the first Chinese consulting organization credit companies, nominally independent civil organizations, in fact, had a very strong government background. In 2003, Guangdong Province, to provide technical support e-business center of Guangdong Union on the operation of e-commerce website up and integration of various e-commerce site in Guangdong province, and its strict qualification examination and certification, to provide an authoritative and convenient " portal "to ensure orderly conct e-commerce activities. But the body is by the Guangdong Provincial Information Instry Department, organized e-commerce Association of Guangdong Province and Guangzhou City Park Administrative Committee Huanghuagang information organized. Peking University professor Zhang Weiying, said government agencies should not be a subsidiary. The world's most authoritative certification, rating agencies, such as Moody's, Standard & Poor's, Fitch are private, because they do not belong to the Government's third-party certification bodies in the information disclosure than the authenticity and validity of the government strong, it's life lies in its credibility, if you do not speak the truth, and nobody
Look for it. However, if government support, it is not afraid to close down. In this regard, the Government should strengthen guidance and supervision in order to balance the interests of all parties, they still should encourage non-governmental agencies.
(5) the establishment of e-training system
View of the international e-commerce expertise and talents required for plaque lack of a comprehensive problem, it should establish a personnel training system. First of all colleges and universities in China should assume the task of training personnel in this regard, the country's ecation sector should also be set up from the junior high school students began training in e-commerce knowledge of the system, giving the personnel training programs to long-term, institutional guarantee. Second, we should give full play to our amateur university, distance ecation, private university ecation and other social forces, for the market demand for talent in this area, and increase efforts to develop e-commerce personnel
⑽ 求一篇關於電子商務的英文文獻及翻譯,急~!!!!
An additional question is how a marketer could design websites that truly personalize proct recommendations and how consumers react to these versus more neutral, 「third party」 web sites such as www.kbb.com for automobiles.
we address the issue of the structure of one new tool (i.e., e-mail) that can help marketers be more efficient in testing direct marketing efforts.
direct marketing
Furthermore, work by Haubl and Trifts (2000) showed that a comparison matrix similar to the comparator proced higher quality consideration sets and decisions.
the possibility remains that providing information could postpone or even prevent purchase.
Agents are not new; a crude (by today』s standards) agent, Firefly, was developed in the mid-1990s for movie and music recommendations.
the amount of information available on the Web has increased dramatically as has the technological sophistication of the agents which makes continued research in this area important.
In particular, Haubl and Trifts (2000) show that recommender agents based on self-explicatedinformation about a consumer』s utility function (i.e., attribute weights and minimum acceptable attribute levels) rece search effort and improve decisions.
Agents should be adaptive, autonomous, and believable, be able to respond in a timely fashion, and be goal-oriented.
It has also been established that agents, like those studied by H¨aubl and his colleagues, that learn about consumers from choices and consumer preferences perform better in the long run than (say) collaborative filters (Ariely et al., 2004). This suggests that methods that calibrate consumer preferences in real time on-line are crucial to advancement.
polyhedral conjoint analysis (Toubia et al., 2003) satisfies these criteria. Liechty and his colleagues developed a Hierarchical Bayes procere that does so as well.
Montgomery et al. (2004) address the problem of designing a better shopbot.
They show that shopbots are inferior to visiting a favorite retailer if the shopbot visits all retailers.
Indeed, armed with some inferences from previous visits, a small set of initial screener questions can lead to an optimally personalized web interface for the consumer.
Based on a stochastic ration model and Bayesian updating , the authors adapt the testing parameters (e.g., number of e-mails sent for each e-mail design and sending rate) while the testing is in progress so as to minimize the cost of testing both in terms of wasted e-mails and time.
Only if the interactivity pays off.
In bargaining or auction situations, possible lack of trust and the inability to interpret the signalsof the other participant(s).
翻譯
另外一個問題是,一個營銷人員如果設計網頁,嫩構真實的又有個性的推薦我們的產品,並且可以讓顧客對產品的反應不是保持中立,「第三世界」的網頁,就像www.kbb.com
我們對於新工具像email這種方式的看法是,它可以幫助營銷人員更有效率的直接測試營銷效果。
直接營銷
更多的是,通過Haubl和Trifts(2000)的工作可知,類似的矩陣和計算機化相比較,生產出更高質量的產品和高質量的決策
可能性保持在提高那些可能推遲或者現在就購買的信息信息。
代理商,一個新的職業,簡單的代理(現在的標准)。螢火蟲(?),在20世紀90年代中期在電影和音樂推薦上有很大的發展。
由於代理商的科技的混合應用,使網頁上可提供的信息量,有著驚人的增長,這使這個行業繼續調長下去變得更為重要。
特別使,Haubl和Trifts(2000)的工作可知,推薦者代理基於對顧客自我闡述商品的信息(比如,重量和最小可接受的級別),減少調查的精力,提高決定能力。
代理商要有很好的適應能力,自主並且有自信,能夠在第一時間回應狀況,並且有目標。
同時,通過Haubl和其他同事的研究,代理商的形成,與合作過濾相比較,在長期運行中更好的學習了關於顧客的決定和執行偏好。這就給我們在關於顧客網上購物時的偏好提供了標准化。
只翻譯了一半,翻不下去了,你參考一下吧,有的句子可能比較奇怪就是了