⑴ 急！！！求市场营销方面的外文翻译
一、 商品销售
研究市场营销职能，经验的做法是从商品销售入手。美国市场营销协会定义委员会1960年曾发表过这样一个定义：“市场营销是引导商品或劳务从生产者流向消费者或其使用者的一种企业活动。”这个定义虽不承认市场营销就是销售，但是认为市场营销包含着销售，也包含着对商品销售过程的改进与完善。许多学者认为这个定义过于狭窄，不能充分展示市场营销的功能。然而，不论其是否恰当，这个定义清楚地揭示了市场营销与商品销售的关系。
商品销售对于企业和社会来说，具有两种基本功能，一是将企业生产的商品推向消费领域；一是从消费者那里获得货币，以便对商品生产中的劳动消耗予以补偿。企业是为了提高人们的生活水平而采用先进生产组织方式进行社会化生产的产物。在资源短缺的现实经济中，它通过在一定程度上实现资源集中和生产专业化，能够利用规模经济规律来提高生产效率，创造和传播新的生活标准。商品销售是生产效率提高的最终完成环节，即通过这个环节把企业生产的产品转移到消费者手上，满足其生活需要。在另一方面，社会选择市场和商品交换方式，在企业转让产品给消费者的同时，通过让企业获得货币，是因为社会需要保持企业生产经营的连续，以便更多地获得提高生产效率的好处。通过商品销售，让商品变为货币，社会可以为企业补充和追加投入生产要素，而企业因此也获得了生存和发展的条件。
商品销售十分重要。企业需要尽最大努力来加强这一职能。其具体的活动包括：寻找和识别潜在顾客，接触与传递商品交换意向信息，谈判，签订合同，交货和收款，提供销售服务。然而，进行商品销售是有条件的。要顺利进行商品交换的有关条件包括：（1）至少有两个主体，他们分别拥有在自己看来是价值相对较低、但在对方看来具有更高价值的有价物（商品、服务的货币），并且愿意用自己所拥有之物来换取对方所拥有的有价物；（2）他们彼此了解对方所拥有的商品的质量和生产成本；（3）他们相互之间可以有效地进行意见沟通。例如洽谈买卖条件，达成合同；（4）交易发生后他们都能如意地消费和享受所得之物。但是常常发现，这些条件不是处处成立的，因此企业经常会面临销售困难的局面。为了有效地组织商品销售，将企业生产的商品更多地销售出去，营销部门就不能仅仅只做销售工作，还必须进行市场调查研究、组织整体营销、开发市场需求等活动，而且要等到后面这些工作取得一定效果以后，才进行商品销售。
First, merchandise sales
Research marketing functions, experience from the practice of selling goods start. American Marketing Association definition of the Commission in 1960 had published such a definition: "Marketing is to guide procers of goods or services from consumers or users of the flow of a business activity." This definition does not recognize the marketing is marketing, But that marketing includes sales, also includes the sale of goods to improve and perfect the process. Many scholars believe that this definition is too narrow, can not fully demonstrate the functions of marketing. However, regardless of whether they are appropriate, this definition clearly reveals the marketing and merchandising relationship.
Sales of goods for business and society, has two basic functions, the first enterprise to the proction of consumer goods areas; First, from the consumer to obtain money, goods to the proction of labor compensation to be consumed. Enterprises is to improve people's living standards and the use of advanced proction organization concted a proct of social proction. The reality of the shortage of resources in the economy, it adopted a certain extent, to achieve the concentration of resources and proction specialization, to take advantage of economies of scale to improve proctivity, create and disseminate new standard of living. Sales of goods is more efficient proction of the final links, through this part of the proction of procts transferred to the hands of consumers to meet their needs. On the other hand, social choice markets and commodity exchange, the transfer of enterprise procts to consumers at the same time, through which enterprises will be able currency, because society needs to maintain a continuous enterprise proction and management, to improve access to the benefits of improved proction efficiency . Through the sale of goods, commodities into money, social enterprises can add and additional input factors of proction, and the corporate therefore also has been the survival and development conditions.
Sales of goods is very important. Enterprises need to make the greatest efforts to strengthen this function. Their specific activities include: find and identify potential customers, contacts and exchange of goods intention to convey information, negotiations, contracts, delivery and collection, provide marketing services. However, sales of goods is conditional. To smooth the commodity exchange the conditions include: (1) at least two of the main, they were in their possession appears to be relatively low value, but on the other side seems to have a higher value of the price of (goods, services Currency), and is willing to use their own were owned by owned by the other party in exchange for the valuables, (2) by their mutual understanding of each other's proct quality and proction costs, (3) between them can be effectively concted an opinion Communication. For example, negotiate terms, a contract, (4) After the transaction can be smug in their consumption and enjoyment of the proceeds. But often found that these conditions are not set up everywhere, and therefore enterprises often face the difficult sales situation. In order to effectively merchandise sales organizations, enterprises will be more proction of goods sold, marketing departments can not be only on the sale, must also conct market research, marketing organization as a whole, the development of market demand and other activities, but we have to wait until after these Achieved a certain effect, the only commodity sales.
⑵ 市场营销英文文献翻译成中文3000字
一、服务营销。
现代经济发展的一个显著特征是服务业的蓬勃发展，其在国民经济中的地位愈来愈重要，服务营销的重要性日益突出，中国已经加入WTO ,外资企业纷纷抢滩中国，中外服务市场营销大战将出现白热化的态势。现实经济生活中的服务可以区分为两大类。一种是服务产品，产品为顾客创造和提供的核心利益主要来自无形的服务。另一种是功能服务，产品的核心利益主要来自形成的成分，无形的服务只是满足顾客的非主要需求。贝瑞认为，在产品的核心利益来源中，有形的成分比无形的成分要多，那么这个产品就可以看作是一种“商品”（有形产品） ;如果无形的成分比有形的成分要多，那么这个产品就可以看作是一种“服务”。与服务的这种区分相一致，服务营销的研究形成了两大领域，即服务产品的营销和顾客服务营销。服务产品营销的本质是研究如何促进作为产品的服务的交换；顾客服务营销的本质则是研究如何利用服务作为一种营销工具促进有形产品的交换。但是，无论是服务产品营销，还是顾客服务营销，服务营销的核心理念都是顾客满意和顾客忠诚，通过取得顾客的满意和忠诚来促进相互有利的交换，最终实现营销绩效的改进和企业的长期成长。
First, services marketing.
Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service instry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service procts, proct creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, procts, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the proct's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible procts); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, procts, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of proct marketing, how to promote the exchange of proct services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible procts. However, both services proct marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth.
二、网络营销。
互联网络是一种利用通讯线路，将全球电脑纳入国际联网的信息传送系统必将是未来市场营销最重要的渠道。网络营销的特性包括；可24 小时随时随地地提供全球性营销服务；电脑可储存大量的信息，代消费者查询，可传送的信息数量与精确度，远超过其他媒体；能因应市场需求，及时更新产品或调整价格；减少印刷与邮递成本；且无店面租金，节约水电与人工成本；可避免推销员强势推销的干扰；可经由信息提供与互动交谈，与消费者建立长期良好的关系。互联网络是一种功能最强大的营销工具，它同时兼具渠道、促销、电子交易、互动顾客服务以及市场信息分析与提供的多种功能。
它以声光互动沟通的特质，作为跨越时空的媒体，已深深吸引年青一代人的眼光。此外，它所具备的一对一营销能力，正是符合[ 分众营销]与[ 直效营销]的未来趋势。 网络营销可视为一种新兴的营销渠道，它并非一定要取代传统的渠道，而是经由信息科技发展，来创新与重组营销渠道。但不可否认的是，网络营销必然会给传统营销造成冲击，因此商业界必须要注意这种趋势，并与软件产业作密切的联系与合作。以广告业为例，在最新媒体时代，销售是从开始到完成的一贯作业，就是说由吸引注意、引发兴趣、造成购买欲、进行采购，一气而成，而广告公司将参与营销的全程。商业企业也有必要改变传统的组织形态，提升新媒体部门的功能，引进兼具营销素养与电脑科技的人才，未来才能具备市场的竞争优势。
Second, network marketing.
Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update proct or price adjustments; rece printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qu, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions.
It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend.
Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software instry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising instry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage.
三、绿色营销。
所谓“绿色营销”，是指社会和企业在充分意识到消费者日益提高的环保意识和由此产生的对清洁型无公害产品需要的基础上，发现、创造并选择市场机会，通过一系列理性化的营销手段来满足消费者以及社会生态环境发展的需要，实现可持续发展的过程。绿色营销的核心是按照环保与生态原则来选择和确定营销组合的策略，是建立在绿色技术、绿色市场和绿色经济基础上的、对人类的生态关注给予回应的一种经营方式。目前，西方发达国家对于绿色产品的需求非常广泛，而发展中国家由于资金和消费导向上和消费质量等原因，还无法真正实现对所有消费需求的绿化。以我国为例，目前只能对部分食品、家电产品、通讯产品等进行部分绿化；而发达国家已经通过各种途径和手段，包括立法等，来推行和实现全部产品的绿色消费。从而培养了极为广泛的市场需求基础，为绿色营销活动的开展打下了坚实的根基。以绿色食品为例，英国、德国绿色食品的需求完全不能自给，英国每年要进口该食品消费总量的80% ,德国则高达98%。这表明，绿色产品的市场潜力非常巨大，市场需求非常广泛。
绿色营销只是适应二十一世纪的消费需求而产生的一种新型营销理念，也就是说，绿色营销还不可能脱离原有的营销理论基础。因此，绿色营销模式的制定和方案的选择及相关资源的整合还无法也不能脱离原有的营销理论基础，可以说绿色营销是在人们追求健康、安全、环保的意识形态下所发展起来的新的营销方式和方法。现代企业只有树立起一种全新的可持续发展营销的经营理念，努力开展绿色营销，开发绿色产品，进行绿色生产，才能和可持续发展潮流相适应。同时，企业还可进一步“导向消费者”，促成可持续消费模式的全面建立和实现，承担起促进社会发展和生态环境发展的责任和义务，使企业的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益相统一。
Third, green marketing.
The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free procts based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and determine the marketing mix strategy is based on green technology, green markets and green based on economic, ecological concerns for the human response to a mode of operation. Some developed countries the demand for green procts is very extensive, but developing countries as capital and consumer orientation, quality and consumer reasons, it can not really achieve the greening of all consumer demand. Taiwan for instance, currently only some food, home appliances, communication procts, part-green; while developed countries have adopted a variety of ways and means, including legislation, etc., Lai Tuixing and the achievement of all procts Di green consumption. Thus having a very broad basis of market demand for green marketing activities have laid a solid foundation. To green, for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, the demand for green food can not self-sufficient, the United Kingdom every year, the import of 80% of the total food consumption in Germany is as high as 98%. This indicates that the market potential for green procts is very large, very wide market demand.
Green marketing is the twenty-first century consumer demand resulting from a novel marketing idea, that is, green marketing, marketing is also not out of the original theory. Therefore, the development of green marketing model and program selection and integration of related resources can not can not be severed from the original basis of marketing theory can be said that green marketing is the pursuit of health, safety, environmental protection, developed under the ideology of the new ways and means of marketing. Establish a modern enterprise is only a new marketing philosophy of sustainable development, make efforts to green marketing, the development of green procts for green proction, and sustainable development to adapt to the trend. At the same time, enterprises can further "consumer oriented", to promote sustainable consumption patterns of the full development and realization of their obligation to promote social development and ecological development of the responsibilities and obligations, so that their economic, social and environmental benefits .
⑶ 急求一篇有关市场营销的外文文献，翻译成中文3000字左右。最好有中文翻译，没有我自己来也可以
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⑷ 求有关市场营销的外文文献翻译
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⑸ 求一篇市场营销相关的外文文献（有翻译更好）， 一篇与营销策略等相关的pdf格式的外文文献
市场营销相关的外文文献我可以给你搞定论文。
⑹ 市场营销相关的中英文对照文章，3000字左右，
要找中英文对照，3000字，这不大可能哦，
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⑺ 有关市场营销的英文文献翻译20000字符
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