⑴ marketing 市场营销论文 要英文版的
With the development of IT technology, business to the increasingly rapid pace of change to the network, and now we have entered the information age, speed has become our constant pursuit of direction. For each enterprise essential to marketing departments in order to advance the pace of change even more in, people began to network marketing transformation.
Some experts said that in the Internet age of today's Internet Marketing will soon replace the traditional marketing methods and become the main theme of the market. Because people can see the advantages of the network marketing, in-house, departments, and between all departments of the Internet to share information, but also shorten the time for the transmission of information. Thus greatly improving the efficiency of the computer above the company can build up a database, there are customers inside the basic information and consumer information records and is concive to the implementation of one-on-one marketing, for better customer service. At the same time also allow customers to feel he is very business-to-the mind, increase customer loyalty and sales network for the same very attractive, it may omit many brokers, such as wholesalers, distributors, retailers and even And to directly face the customer. Thus greatly rece the cost, the enterprise's procts more competitive to achieve greater sales, and more importantly is able to get the fastest rate of customer feedback to enable enterprises to adapt to market the proct more demand e to enterprises Always walk in the forefront of the market.
Some experts say that may be. Network marketing is some advantage, but his shortcomings but can not be ignored. Network can get market information faster, but the network sales increase sales but can not agree with. They believe that this network has only the most cutting-edge things. Most people have not accepted this approach. It is also not in the habit of online shopping, the things on these virtual lack of trust, they believe that the reality is quite the thing. Life, if I bought What is the problem with the quality of things you can find manufacturers directly, or find a vendor, and will soon receive a response. I do not know that the Internet can be the Whom do I contact, how to find, when a reply » Some say things simply do not fit in online sales, proction companies such as Coca-Cola drinks, I Xianghe when casually into stores or supermarkets which can be bought, it has more convenient, however, how to simplify the sales process? » Everyone knows that there is no need of. If you get the trust of customers, to the extent possible, satisfy the customer, then I think the most effective way is not to rece costs, as long as you in every corner of the world placed on Coke, so that people no matter what time any place as long as the wish to Drink will be able to see it and that is the biggest customer satisfaction, not only rece costs but forgot the more important in the market.
Network development is fast, according to the computer penetration rate is now to complete the transition to the network also needs a long time, not to mention to our Chinese enterprises. Network marketing is a great potential, but also可要not fully developed, the traditional marketing methods will still dominate, the network marketing soon replace the traditional marketing is not realistic. Perhaps the best marketing is not marketing, not traditional marketing, I think they can complement each other, Gequ director, perhaps the most promising is the best way of marketing it.
中文
随着IT技术的发展，企业以越来越快的速度向网络化转变，现在我们已经进入了信息时代，速度更成了我们不断追求的方向。而对于每个企业必不可少的市场营销部门在以更超前的速度转变着，人们开始向网络营销转化。
有的专家说，在网络时代的今天网络营销会很快的替代传统的营销方式而成为市场的主旋律。因为人们可以看到了网络营销的优势， 在企业内部 ，部门和部门之间都相互联网有利于信息共享 ，也缩短了信息传递的时间。 从而大大提高了工作效率， 可以在公司电脑上面建立数据库，里边存有客户的基本资料和消费信息纪录 ，有利于实施一对一营销，从而更好的为客户服务。同时也能让客户感受到企业对他是相当的在乎， 更提高了客户的忠诚度 ，而对于网络销售同样很有诱惑力，它可以省略许多中间商，象批发商 、经销商、 甚至是零售商， 而直接面对客户。从而大大降低了成本，企业的产品更有竞争力取得更大的销售业绩，而更主要的是能以最快的速度得到客户的反馈信息，使企业的产品更适应市场的需求，而使企业总是走在市场的最前列。
可有的专家却认为。网络营销是有一些优势，但他的缺点却不容忽视。网络化是可以更快的得到市场信息， 但网络销售提高销售业绩却不堪赞同。他们认为，网络化今天却只是最前沿的东西。大部分的人还没有接受这种方式。人们还不太习惯在网上购物，他们对这些虚拟的东西缺乏信任，他们还是比较相信现实中存在的东西。生活中，如果我买了东西质量有什么问题直接就可以找厂家， 或者找卖主 ，而且会很快的得到答复。可网上我不知道该找谁，怎么找，什么时候有答复？再说有的东西根本就不适合在网上销售，比如可口可乐公司生产的饮品， 我想喝的时候随便进哪个商店或者超市都能买到，这已经再方便不过了，还要怎么简化销售过程吗？谁都知道没有必要了。你要想得到顾客的信任，想尽可能的满足顾客，那么我想最有效的方法不是去降低成本，只要你在世界的每个角落都摆放上可乐，让人们不论在什么时间什么地点只要想喝就能够看到它那就是对顾客最大的满足，不要只顾着降低成本而却忘了更重要的市场占有率。
网络化发展的的确快，可按照现在的电脑普及率要完全的向网络化转变还需要相当长的时间，更何况对我们中国的企业。网络营销确实潜力很大，可要完全开发却也不易，传统的营销方式还是会占主导地位，网络营销很快的取代传统的营销是不现实的。也许最好的营销方式不是网络营销，也不是传统营销，我觉得他们完全可以相互补充，各取所长，也许那才是最好最有前途的营销方式吧。
⑵ 市场营销的论文（英文）
We have no and naked, no natural born poor. Life is up to grab is accepted, the old man, all is the guide, the heart of choice. Someone to heal old daughter, dissolved, To support the old people, not hesitate heavy gold. Someone believes in "good filial first", Someone ran XiaoYi ShengSiGuan "a". Some old people choose to choose, Shan refused. Beauty and ugliness, good and evil, all in a deathless, science, or, in the twinkling. Show filial obedience so much, just want to tell you, choose filial piety, don't let cloud cover, and let bilge blind eyes, for old people, for himself, and holding a pure, filial piety. Filial piety and sentenced to between inverse for pushing, pion, choose die, LiKui split between mother tiger newspaper alone, choose DE zhao later, Father: for the incense is warm, age WangWenYi body feed mosquitoes. Father can help you a lot. Make a valuable, the real life social conscience of conscience, people will donative you return. A man in the storm, will survive their lives to save the old man, A journey in the desert will resolutely solution under a pot of water to his last old man. But the old man ride in some apparent pride; and under, Someone from a degenerate into key son, That old man to save someone variable labor, Someone is playing time points, old man, scold, short pleasure, long lament. Standing in the crossroads in my life, don't go the wrong way! Land and buildings, money, don't take it with, want so much why? End, but nothing, even old man, even life, even if again, even turn, whereby the sympathy and earned a few tears? No one to help you. If you are the eagle, choose to respect, If you are ShaOu, knew support, If you are a sparrow, will consciously serve elder, If you are a person, he should know filial respect parent, old man. If you are a reluctant to lose your personality, a mediocre, will not corrode your, do a pure matchless you, holding on as snow filial piety, clean and beautiful, despite all filthiness and all society, selfish, filial piety to man. If the father, the world will become more beautiful tradition. You will find himself very beautiful, the old man is beauty. You will know, father is satisfied, pay is happy. Choose filial old man! Action is the proof!
⑶ 市场营销相关的中英文对照文章，3000字左右，
要找中英文对照，3000字，这不大可能哦，
如果需要，我可以给你翻译，
qq:149019696
⑷ 市场营销毕业论文 外文参考文献
2、（美）约翰.A.昆奇著，吕一林译，?市场营销管理—教程与案例?北京.北京大学出版社，2000
3、查回尔斯.戴克著，李圣贤答译宝洁的观点内蒙古.内蒙古人民出版社1999
4、JamesAFitzsimmons著，张金成范秀成译，《服务管理》，北京.机械工业出版社2000
5、RaymondP.Fisk等著，张金成等译，《互动服务营销》北京.机械工业出版社2000
6.菲利普
⑸ 市场营销毕业论文外文文献
论电信企业市场营销策略
[摘要]电信全球化与国际竞争的新趋势,给我国电信业带来了前所未有的压力与挑战,根据我国电信企业行业特点与营销重点,提出全员营销、摒弃传统广告宣传方式、营建全新企业文化及拓宽范围,实行差别化经营等策略。
“所谓服务业这一行业根本不存在,只是各行业中服务成分所占的比重大小有所不同而已,每个人都在为他服务”。(TheoeloeLevitt语)显然,电信企业应属于服务成分较大的行业,笔者试从电信企业现状及服务业的特点入手,阐述电信企业的营销策略。
一、电信企业的正确定位
电信全球化与国际竞争的新趋势,给我们带来了前所未有的压力和挑战。一些新的经营理念,竞争观念、手段和策略正以惊人的速度向国人走来,并日益深刻地影响着国内通信市场。
资产重组后的电信企业由于无线寻呼的剥离,邮政与电信的分营,移动公司的独立,实力受到了明显的削弱,经营范围与市场空间也随之相应变得狭窄。而在我们电信企业整体实力削弱的同时,我们的竞争对手无论从数量还是从实力,都不再是以前那样的弱小。我们对于通讯市场曾经有过的垄断时代已成为“昨日黄花”,电信市场不再有“巨无霸”的存在,代之而起的是诸侯割据群雄逐鹿。同时经历了这几年电信市场的长足发展,邮电通信能力和技术水平飞速提高,邮电通信不再是影响国民经济发展的瓶颈部门。从总体上说,通信能力与市场需求相比已经不再是短缺。更为严重的是,在国内需求普遍疲软的情况下,WTO正一步步向我们走来,我们未来的竞争对手将比现在可怕上不只十倍百倍。
因而,在目前市场相对饱和的情况下,“加快发展,千方百计满足用户需要”,已经不应再成为我们电信企业的宣传口号和行动指南。面对日益壮大的竞争对手和相对狭小的空间,如果仅仅立足于用户需要的满足,我们将失去现有的市场。我们必须清醒地认识到:市场营销才是企业的首要任务。这既是企业工作的起点,又是企业工作的终点。没有市场营销企业就无法生存。“先有市场后有产品”之所以成为近几年企业界流行的经营方针即缘于此。由此可见,市场营销是企业发展的必由之路,强化营销,发现需求,选择市场需求是企业的第一任务,是关系企业生存发展的大事。因而,我们当前的任务当是创造市场,制造需求,引导消费,唯如此,我们电信企业方会在市场竞争中立于不败之地。
二、电信企业行业特点与营销重点
电信企业从属服务行业,因而我们必须从服务行业的特点出发,制定出符合行业特征的市场营销方案。“服务是一方能够向另一方提供的基本上是无形的任何功效或利益,并且不导致任何所有权的产生。它的生产可能与某种有形产品密切联系在一起,也可能毫无联系”。这就决定了电信企业具有如下行业特点:
(一)不可触摸性
服务是无形的。与有形产品不同,服务在被购买以前是看不见、品味不到,摸不着、听不到或嗅不出的。而购买者为减少这种不可触摸性所带来的不确定性,他们必然会寻求服务质量的标志或证据。他们将从看到的地方、人员、设备、沟通资料、象征和价格等方面,作出服务质量的判断。
因此,服务提供者的任务是“经营证据”、“化无形为有形”。产品营销者受到的挑战是要求他们增加抽象观念,而服务营销者受到的挑战则是要求他们在其抽象供应上增加有形证据。
如果我们想使我们的企业看起来服务快速和有效,就要中以试用以下几种工具使这种定位策略有形化。
1、场所电信的有形环境必须暗示出快速和有效的服务。企业的外部和内部设计要做到整洁明快,对办公桌子的摆设和人行通道应进行认真设计规划,从外观上看,等持接持的顾客所排队伍不应过长,应有足够的坐位给正在办理业务的顾客。
2、人员全体工作人员应当是忙碌的。他们应当做到衣着得体统一,并佩戴统一标志如工牌,并在始终保持微笑服务的同时做到来有迎声,去有送语。
3、沟通资料沟通资料应能表明高效率,宣传小册子应做到印刷清晰,层次分明,图片也应经过认真选择。
4、象征即企业的标志,如电信的徽记。
5、价格各种服务价格要能始终保持简单明了。
(二)不可分离性
服务的生产与消费二者一般而方是同时进行的。这与有形物品的情况不同,后者是被制造出来的,先投入存储,随后销售,最后被消费。如果服务是由人提供的,那么这个人就是服务的一部分。因为当服务正在生产时顾客也在场,提供者和顾客相互作用,是服务营销的一个特征,提供者和顾客两者对服务的结果都有影响。
(三)可变性
服务具有极大的可变性。因为服务取决于由谁来提供以及在何时、何地提供。对服务质量的控制可采取两个步骤:第一步,投资于挑选优秀的工作人员并进行培训。对服务提供者进行培训,使其对顾客出现的各种情况都能做出适当反应,从而减少服务的可变性;第二步,通过顾客建议和投诉系统,顾客调查和对比购买,追踪了解顾客的满意情况。这样,质量较差的服务便可被察觉出来并得以更正。
(四)易消失性
服务不具有可贮藏性。不可能事先生产出服务留待以后消费。它的生产过程本身就是消费的过程,因而极易消失。
由于服务性企业具有以上特点,因而服务性企业如果只用传统的市场营销方法来经营势必困难。在服务性企业中,顾客面对着服务质量不太稳定和较多变化的服务者,服务结果不仅受服务提供者的影响,而且受“不公开的”生产过程的影响。因而服务性企业的营销不仅需要传统的市场营销,而且还要插入其他两种市场营销,即内部市场营销和交互作用的市场营销。
内部市场营销,意指服务公司必须对直接接待顾客的人员以及所有辅助服务人员进行培养和激励,使其通力合作,以便使顾客满意。市场营销部门可能做的最大贡献应是:“特别善于促使机构的其他部门每个人都实行市场营销。”(贝利语)
交互作用市场营销,意指感知的服务质量在很大程度上取决于买者和卖者之间交互工作用的质量。在产品营销中,产品质量与如何被取得的方式之间毫无联系,但是在服务营销中,服务质量则是同服务供应者混为一体的。顾客评价服务质量,不仅依据其技术质量,而且依据其职能质量。因此,专业人员必须掌握交互作用市场营销的技巧。
相对于传统营销而方,内部市场营销与交互作用的市场营销共同构成现代市场营销———全员营销。亦即市场营销的重点就是全员营销。
三、全员营销的营销策略
全员营销不仅包括营销手段的整体性,还包括营销主体的整体性及营销战略的整体性。传统的营销是以生产者为中心,以产品售出为目的,而现代营销是以顾客为中心,以顾客满意为目标,所要达到的最终目的如日本丰田公司的经理在推出凌志汽车时所说:“我们不应仅满足于顾客满意,我们的最终目的是使顾客愉悦”。
怎样才能做到这一点呢?这就要求我样牢固树立“企业以市场营销为核心,市场营销以顾客满意为核心”的观念,将产品开发、技术改造、结构调整、生产管理、内部改革、资本运营等工作统一到服务和服从于市场这个中心上来,把搞好市场营销放在一切经营活动的第一位,以市场营销部门为中心,管理、生产、后勤部门以顾客满意为目标向市场营销部门提供服务。亦即搞好对外营销必须先搞好对内营销。某家旅游公司曾提出过这样的口号“员工第一、顾客第二”,其含义并非是不重视顾客,而是将员工列为第一的目的在于使企业员工满意,以崭新的面貌迎接顾客,从而实现顾客的满意。在树立“员工第一”思想的同时牢固树立“前一部门是后一部门的顾客”的思想,从而最大限度的激活内部市场营销。
全员营销的一个很明显的特征就是:每道工序、每个员工与顾客都处于同一个不可分割的价值链,每个员工的工作都与顾客密切相关,只不过越靠近顾客的对顾客的影响越大。作为电信企业仅局限于对外的窗口,更不能仅仅局限于营业厅,我们以前抓服务的重点放在营业厅,而忽视了对另一些主要的服务群体如机线人员的管理。对于电信企业而言,机线人员服务的好坏对我们企业经营的影响更为直观。而在我们以前的实际工作当中,只是狠抓营业员的服务,而忽视了机线人员的规范化服务,导致我们的机线人员不象是国有企业的员工,反倒象是农村的个体包工队,极大地影响了我们的声誉。全员营销应注重这些重要环节,不允许出现任何细徽的漏洞。
全员营销的另一个前提是员工整体素质的提高。这就要求我们的员工不仅要精通自己分管的业务,对于我们电信企业所有的业务都应有全面的了解。威海电信局曾经实行过“首问负责制”,意即每个员工在接听客户的电话,为客户提供咨询服务时,不应回答“不知道”,而应负责到底,为客户咨询有关部门,给予客户满意的答复。这种做法虽然比以前有所进步,但弊端在于浪费了客户的时间,降低了客户的满意度。请设想一下,如果我们每一个员工对每个问题都能对答如流,对每项业务都能如数家珍,这对我们的企业发展将会起到多大的推动作用。因而,从一线员工到支撑系统员工,不但要有全心全意为客户服务的觉悟,还要有过硬的服务本领。加强全体员工的技能培训,使其不仅知其然,而知其所以然,为客户提供高质量的服务。
全员营销还需要提供相应的技术支持,提高服务的技术层次。体现服务水平的还有服务技术、服务手段。不仅包括服务手段的技术化,还包括通信能力的提高和通信手段的增多。借助高科技手段,实现服务层次的飞跃。如计算机的普及,使收费速度大大提高;联网收费,使客户体会网多面广的优势;产品的更新换代,满足不同层次消费群体的消费需求。
由于全员营销具有上述特征,因而在实际操作中,与传统营销手段并用,将会取得事半功倍的效果。
四、摒弃传统广告宣传,建设全新企业文化
服务性企业较之制造企业在营销方面有许多不足,根据美国乔治和迈尔克斯德尔的调查,可以得出以下结论:(1)一般来说市场营销部门较少可能实行市场营销组合活动;(2)在提供服务区域较少可能进行市场营销分析;(3)很可能在内部处理自己的广告而不是求助于外部的广告社;(4)较少可能制定全面的销售计划;(5)较少可能制定和实施销售培训方案;(6)较少可能利用营销研究公司和营销顾问;(7)如用销售总额百分比表示用于市场营销上的费用,在这方面则有可能花费更少。
作为曾经是国家垄断经营的电信企业,其实际营销手段比以上的论述更差。作为“官商”,我们曾经信奉的教条是“皇帝女儿不愁嫁”,作为“瓶颈部门”,我们曾级“酒好不怕巷子深”,这些陈规陋习导致我们在向市场经济转向的同时,不可避免地留有尚未褪化完全的计划经济的胎记。我们很多电信企业的广告仅仅做在家门口,做在营业厅里,我们在电视电台报纸所做的也仅仅是干巴巴的条文广告。广告这一引导消费的手段居然堕落到“顾客须知”的地步,广告魅力在我们那种做了也白做的论调中消失殆尽。我们所做的广告仅仅向人们表明我们做过广告。值得庆幸的是,我们有些经营者发现了这些问题。虽然我们欠缺国际商业巨头的大手笔,但我们绝对不能丧失商海博激的信心和勇气。一些电信企业的经验很值得我们推广:如在不同时间,针对不同的消费群体实行了不同的广告宣传,收到了较好的社会效益和经济效益。但在我们所有广告宣传中,缺少最根本的主题———企业文化的宣传。
企业文化包括在长期生产过程中形成的经营思想、管理方式、群体意识和行为规范。它贯穿于企业发展道路、生产业务、经营管理以及职工思想政治、文化修养、业务技术素质的方方面面。高水平的质量服务文化,才能创出优质的服务,创优质服务又有力地推进企业的质量服务文化建设。众所周知,海尔公司在兼并红星电器厂时,仅派驻了几个管理人员,就使红星厂由亏损几千万的企业5个月内扭亏,他们凭借的是海尔品牌、海尔企业文化的灌输。由此可见,企业文化对于一个企业而方,无疑是企业魂。
因而我们在使用传统的广告营销手段的同时,应侧重于企业文化的建设与宣传,学会利用各种媒体树立我们的形象。如我们可以对社会有影响的群体实行优惠政策,借以提高我们的知名度;积极参与公益活动,树立良好的企业形象。这种投入与产出的比肯定会优于广告的效果。同时注重企业的文化建设,弘扬企业,创企业品牌,求名牌效益,力争取得经济效益的同时获得良好的社会效益。
五、价格手段,不可多用,不能滥用
价格大战一直是企业界惯用的营销手续。曾几何时,价格成为我们企业的制胜法宝,推销产品的不二法门。仿佛祭起价格这个大旗,就可以战无不胜,所向披靡。但我们的消费者正一步步走向成熟,他们不再满足于小幅度的降价手段,最终结果导致价格战的恶性循环。近几年较为有名的是全国的彩电价格大战,造成全国彩电行业至少53亿的损失。“城门失火,殃及池鱼”,彩电大战导致了今年上半年的彩管行业的全面停产,彩管行业只能用减少供应量祈求价格的回升。在我们通讯市场,同样是烽烟四起,价格战的最终结果是“鹬蚌相争,渔夫得利”,这里的渔夫并不是指由于降价而得到实惠的消费者,而是指国际上那些圆睁双眼,紧盯我们这块世界上最大的尚未开放的通讯市场的通讯业的巨头们。我们原本就不足以与之抗衡,我们本应该联手与之竞争,而我们采取的价格战无疑将自己的市场廉价出售给了他们。当然价格战并非一无是处,通过价格大战,可以做到优胜劣汰,导致市场资源的重新配置,并由此锻炼我们的企业抗风浪的能力。但是价格手段毕竟是双刃剑,此应不可多用,更不能滥用。而应该配合企业社会形象的树立,针对特殊群体采取价格攻势;同时价格不能一降再降,那样会使顾客有了等待心理,反而更糟。
六、拓宽经营范围,实行差别化服务
当价格战与铺天盖地的广告刺激不了消费时,我们应该拓宽经营范围,实行差别化管理。但是要想做到将我们的服务与竞争者的服务区别开来是件十分困难的事。经营范围的缩小,竞争对手的增多,使得价格竞争愈演愈烈,许多顾客对产品的要求不多,只要省钱就行。由此可见,只要顾客认为服务的差别不大,他们对提供关心程度便会小于对价格的关心。解决价格竞争的办法是发展差别供应和建立差别形象,提高顾客的满意度。因为一个满意的顾客对价格的关心程度低于对提供服务者的关心程度,同时一个满意的顾客较为容易的接受开展的新业务,而且对我们电信企业的成本而言,发展一个新顾客远比吸引一个老顾客的费用高。因而我们电信企业应凭借自己的资源优势实行差别化服务管理。
这种差别化服务管理具有两层意思,其一为本企业与外企业的不同,使顾客能明确我们所提供的服务为别人所无法提供的。这一点可以配合企业的文化建设进行。其工作重点应侧重于经营范围的拓展,让我们的服务永远走在别人的前面。其二对不同的顾客采取不同的营销策略。
经营范围的拓展,不仅包括外延的拓展,还包括内涵的拓展;不仅仅是量的增加,还包括质的提高。同时细分市场,做到有的放矢。比如对学生较为集中的地区,实行免费装机发售电话卡刺激消费;对于消费层次不高的人应教会他们使用程控电话的多项功能,如“呼叫等待”、“转移呼叫”等,提高通话率;对于消费层次较高的人应大力宣传“一线通”等先进业务;对于大用户(主要指那些群体数量少但业务量比重大的用户)建立大户室,设立大用户档案,甚至于采取青岛局的办法:为大用户设立“绿色通道”,特事特办,使大户业务稳中有升,同时推出新业务后率先向他演示,从而引导消费。
总之,在我们电信企业的市场营销工作中,要以现代营销观念为主,以传统营销观念为辅;以全员营销思想为主导,突出营销部门的地位;淡化广告宣传效应,重视企业文化建设;忽略价格杠杆功能,严格差别化服务管理;立足现有市场,创造消费需求;以先进的营销理念武装我们的头脑,使我们电信企业在未来的竞争中永立潮头,勇往直前。
⑹ 市场营销 英文版论文 20000英文字符
市场营销 Marketing
市场营销（Marketing）又称为 市场学、市场行销或行销学。简称“营销”，台湾常称作“行销”，是指个人或集体通过交易其创造的产品或价值以获得所需之物实现双赢或多赢的过程。
权威定义
美国市场营销协会下的定义是：
行销是创造、沟通与传送价值给顾客，及经营顾客关系以便让组织与其利益关系人受益的一种组织功能与程序
菲利普·科特勒下的定义强调了营销的价值导向：
市场营销是个人和集体通过创造，提供出售，并同别人交换和价值，以获得其所需所欲之物的一种社会和管理过程。
而格隆罗斯给的定义强调了营销的目的：
营销是在一种利益之上下，通过相互交换和承诺，建立、维持、巩固与消费者及其他参与者的关系，实现各方的目的)。
[编辑] 新式定义
台湾的江亘松在＜你的行销行不行＞中强调行销的变动性，利用行销的英文 Marketing 作了下面的定义
「什麼是行销？」就字面上来说，「行销」的英文是「Marketing」，若把 Marketing 这个字拆成 Market（市场）与 ing（英文的现在进行式表示方法）这两个部分，那行销可以用「市场的现在进行式」来表达产品、价格、促销、通路的变动性导致供需双方的微妙关系。
＜你的行销行不行＞ISBN: 978-986-82609-5-5，理财文化, 2007.08 出版
[编辑] 市场营销理论发展的四个阶段
初创阶段(1900年—1920年)
功能研究阶段(1921年—1945年)
现代市场营销学形成和发展阶段(1945年—1980年)
营销扩展阶段(1980年以后)
[编辑] 市场与需求
市场营销学中的市场可以等同于需求，即研究消费者的现实需求和潜在需求。
美国市场营销协会(AMA)的定义委员会1960年对市场提出以下的定义：
“ 市场是指一种货物或劳务的潜在购买者的集合需求。 ”
菲利普·科特勒把市场定义为
“ 市场是指某种产品的所有实际的和潜在的购买者的集合。 ”
[编辑] 市场的类型
市场从不同角度，可以划分为不同的类型。其中按商品的基本属性可划分为一般商品市场和特殊商品市场。一般商品市场指狭义的商品市场，即货物市场，包括消费品市场和工业品市场；特殊商品市场指为满足消费者的资金需要和服务需要而形成的市场，包括资本市场，劳动力市场和技术信息市场。对以上两种市场作分析时一般要研究消费者市场，产业市场和政府市场。
市场营销环境分析常用的方法为SWOT分析方法，它是英文Strength(优势)、Weakness(劣势)、Opportunity(机会)、Threaten(威胁)的意思。从内部环境分析优劣势，从外部环境分析机会与威胁。
[编辑] 市场营销策略
营销组合的四个因素常称作4P，即：
产品（Proct)
价格 (Price)
推广 (Promotion)
通路与配销 (Place&Distribution)
这四个因素应用到营销过程中，就形成了四方面的营销策略。加上政治POLITICS和公共关系PUBLIC，是为6P。
1981年布姆斯（Booms）和比特纳（Bitner）建议在传统市场营销理论4Ps的基础上增加三个“服务性的P”，即：人员(People)、流程(Process)、环境(或是或实体环境；Physical evidence)。
根据与市场竞争对手对抗的需要而制定富有竞争力的产品、价格、渠道和促销政策。这一时期诞生了著名的4P理论。当时还是大众媒体盛行的时代，依靠大众媒体促进销售，无差异化策略成为这一阶段的明显特征。
[编辑] 产品
产品策略主要研究新产品开发，产品生命周期，品牌策略等，是价格策略，促销策略和分销策略的基础。
[编辑] 价格
价格策略又称定价策略，主要研究产品的定价、调价等[[市场营销工具]
[编辑] 推广
推广是将组织与产品讯息传播给目标市场的活动，它主要的焦点在於沟通。透过推广，企业试图让消费者知晓、了解、喜爱或购买产品，进而影响产品的知名度、形象、销售量，乃至於企业的生长与生存。有了推广，消费者才可得知产品提供何种利益、价格多少、可以到什麼地方购买及如何购买等，而这些消费者反应会进一步协助推动其他行销组合(产品、价格、通路)。
[编辑] 通路
又称渠道策略，也称为促销。它代表企业（机构）在将自身产品送抵最终消费者之前，所制定的与各类分销商之间的贸易关系、成本分摊和利益分配方式的综合体系。这里的分销商既包含批发商，也包含零售商，甚至包含物流配送商和直销公司的直销人员。
企业制定分销政策的目的是：让产品更顺畅地到达顾客手中，既要保证分销成本低廉，又要保证顾客对送货期、送货量、装配服务、疑难咨询等方面的要求。
在产品日益丰富的情况下，分销政策可能变得越来越难制定，因为相对于产品和品牌的过量，分销商则显得稀少，因而后者拥有了大量讨价还价的权力，力图从制造商或上游企业那里获得更大的利益分成比例。
零售商在最近10年的表现尤其令人瞩目，它们不仅从事零售，也开始插手于产品的上游生产过程，并以自己的店铺名称或独创名称作为自己所产新品的品牌——即自有品牌（private brand/label），或叫店铺品牌（store brand/label）。这更深地威胁到了纯粹的制造企业的利润空间，当然也大大增加了后者制定分销策略的难度。
[编辑] 人员（People)
所有的人都直接或间接地被卷入某种服务的消费过程中，这是7P营销组合很重要的一个观点。知识工作者、白领雇员、管理人员以及部分消费者将额外的价值增加到了既有的社会总产品或服务的供给中，这部分价值往往非常显著。
[编辑] 流程（Process）
服务通过一定的程序、机制以及活动得以实现的过程（亦即消费者管理流程），是市场营销战略的一个关键要素。
[编辑] 环境（Physical Evidence）
包括服务供给得以顺利传送的服务环境，有形商品承载和表达服务的能力，当前消费者的无形消费体验，以及向潜在顾客传递消费满足感的能力。
[编辑] 4C
包括：
顾客（Customer）
成本（Cost）
沟通（Communication）
便利（convenience)。
加上机会Chance，市场变化Change为6C。
不销售制造的产品，而要将满足消费者需求的产品售出；不要依竞争者或者自我的盈利策略定价，而是要通过一系列测试手段了解消费者为满足需求愿付出的成本；不要以自身为出发点，想着网点怎么布置，采用什么样的通路策略，而要关注消费者购买产品的便利性；不是想着如何通过媒体传播来提升销量，而要和消费者互动沟通。
[编辑] 营销种类
[编辑] 整合营销
整合营销传播（Integrated Marketing Communications ）
[编辑] 数据库营销（DATABASE MARKETING）
[编辑] 网络营销（Internet Marketing）
网络营销是企业整体营销战略的一个组成部分，是为实现企业总体经营目标所进行的，以互联网为基本手段营造网上经营环境的各种活动。
网络营销的职能包括网站推广、网络品牌、信息发布、在线调研、顾客关系、顾客服务、销售渠道、销售促进八个方面。
Viral Marketing
[编辑] 标竿行销（Bench Marketing）
由江亘松在＜你的行销行不行＞提出
以某个市场上已经存在的竞争者为比较基准的行销方式，例如普腾这家公司於十几年前提出一句很经典的「Sorry，Sony」到现在还是经常被产业与学术界拿来当作行销的案例，近年来Audi一直宣称他们的部分车种在欧洲市场无论在性能或销售上都令双B感觉到威胁，这样的行销方法就是希望让那些原本没有打算买Audi的亚洲买家去思考，为什麼欧洲的消费者愿意买的车在亚洲的我们却没有给予适当的评价。
当然要提出这样的行销方式势必要先对自己的产品有一定的信心，否则如果「如花」喊出「Sorry林志玲」认同的观众应该不会太多吧。
Viral Marketing
[编辑] 直效营销（DIRECT MARKETING）
根据kotler．keller行销管理学第12版中译本
直效行销（direct marketing）是在没有中间行销商的情况下，利用消费者直接（consumer direct,CD）通路来接触及传送货品和服务给客户。主要通路包括直接信函、型录、电话推销，电视购物、小的售票亭、网路和汽车广告。
直效行销是互动是行销系统，利用一种或多种媒体影响任何地区可衡量的回应或交易。特别是在电子行销中正快速成长。
[编辑] 关系营销（RELATIONSHIP MARKETING）
在很多情况下，公司并不能寻求即时的交易，所以他们会与长期供应商建立顾客关系。
公司想要展现给顾客的是卓越的服务能力，现在的顾客多是大型且全球性的。他们偏好可以提供不同地区配套产品
或服务的供应商，且可以快速解决各地的问题。
当顾客关系管理计画被执行时，组织就必须同时注重顾客和产品管理。同时，公司必须明白，虽然关系行销很重要，
但并不是在任何情况下都会有效的。因此，公司必须评估哪一个部门与哪一种特定的顾客采用关系行销最有利。
[编辑] 燎原式行销
由江亘松在＜你的行销行不行＞提出「燎原式行销」的重点在於，以自己强大的财力为基础，先采取竞争对手无法跟随并获利的低价策略，逼迫市场竞争者纷纷退出并且树立警告指标不让其他潜在业者轻易越矩，这样在下一个不怕死的竞争者出现之前，就可以创造一个无竞争者的独占市场。
[编辑] 绿色营销
[编辑] 社会营销
[编辑] 营销社团
[编辑] 市场调研
市场调研又称营销调研，指企业在市场营销决策过程中，需要系统客观收集和分析有关营销活动的信息所做的研究。营销调研活动涉及到产品，广告，促销渠道选择，竞争者等诸多方面。
[编辑] 营销理论的新发展
病毒式营销
关系营销
数据库营销
网络营销
国际营销
绿色营销
服务营销
过程营销
收益管理
Marketing is an ongoing process of planning and executing the marketing mix (Proct, Price, Place, Promotion) for procts, services or ideas to create exchange between indivials and organizations.
Marketing tends to be seen as a creative instry, which includes advertising, distribution and selling. It is also concerned with anticipating the customers' future needs and wants, which are often discovered through market research.
Essentially, marketing is the process of creating or directing an organization to be successful in selling a proct or service that people not only desire, but are willing to buy.
Therefore good marketing must be able to create a "proposition" or set of benefits for the end customer that delivers value through procts or services.
Its specialist areas include:
advertising and branding
communications
database marketing
direct marketing
event organization
field marketing
global marketing
international marketing
internet marketing
instrial marketing
market research
public relations
retailing
search engine marketing
marketing strategy
marketing plan
strategic management
Experiential marketing
Social Influence Marketing
Contents [hide]
1 Introction
2 Concept of Marketing
3 Two levels of marketing
4 Four Ps
4.1 Seven Ps
5 Four New Ps
6 Proct
6.1 Scope
6.2 Steps in proct design
7 Packaging
7.1 Requirements of good packaging
7.2 Forms of packaging
8 Trademarks
8.1 Significance of a trademark
9 Brands
10 Pricing
10.1 Objectives
10.2 Factors influencing price-determination
10.3 Steps to determine price
11 Distribution (Place)
11.1 Channels
11.2 Manufacturers
11.2.1 Reasons for direct selling methods
11.2.2 Reasons for indirect selling methods
11.3 Wholesalers
11.3.1 Reasons for using wholesalers
11.3.2 Reasons for bypassing wholesalers
11.3.3 Ways of bypassing wholesalers
11.4 Agents
12 Marketing communications
12.1 Advertising
12.1.1 Functions and advantages of successful advertising
12.1.2 Objectives
12.1.3 Requirements of a good advertisement
12.1.4 Eight steps in an advertising campaign
12.2 Personal sales
12.3 Sales promotion
12.4 Marketing Public Relations (MPR)
13 Customer focus
14 Proct focus
15 See also
16 Related lists
17 References
[edit] Introction
A market-focused, or customer-focused, organization first determines what its potential customers desire, and then builds the proct or service. Marketing theory and practice is justified in the belief that customers use a proct or service because they have a need, or because it provides a perceived benefit.
Two major factors of marketing are the recruitment of new customers (acquisition) and the retention and expansion of relationships with existing customers (base management). Once a marketer has converted the prospective buyer, base management marketing takes over. The process for base management shifts the marketer to building a relationship, nurturing the links, enhancing the benefits that sold the buyer in the first place, and improving the proct/service continuously to protect the business from competitive encroachments.
For a marketing plan to be successful, the mix of the four "Ps" must reflect the wants and desires of the consumers or Shoppers in the target market. Trying to convince a market segment to buy something they don't want is extremely expensive and seldom successful. Marketers depend on insights from marketing research, both formal and informal, to determine what consumers want and what they are willing to pay for. Marketers hope that this process will give them a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing management is the practical application of this process. The offer is also an important addition to the 4P's theory.
Within most organizations, the activities encompassed by the marketing function are led by a Vice President or Director of Marketing. A growing number of organizations, especially large US companies, have a Chief Marketing Officer position, reporting to the Chief Executive Officer.
The American Marketing Association (AMA) states, "Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders."[1]
Marketing methods are informed by many of the social sciences, particularly psychology, sociology, and economics. Anthropology is also a small, but growing influence. Market research underpins these activities. Through advertising, it is also related to many of the creative arts. Marketing is a wide and heavily interconnected subject with extensive publications. It is also an area of activity infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture.
[edit] Concept of Marketing
Marketing is an instructive business domain that serves to inform and ecate target markets about the value and competitive advantage of a company and its procts. “Value” is worth derived by the customer from owning and using the proct. “Competitive Advantage” is a depiction that the company or its procts are each doing something better than their competition in a way that could benefit the customer.
Marketing is focused on the task of conveying pertinent company and proct related information to specific customers, and there are a multitude of decisions (strategies) to be made within the marketing domain regarding what information to deliver, how much information to deliver, to whom to deliver, how to deliver, to deliver, and where to deliver. Once the decisions are made, there are numerous ways (tactics) and processes that could be employed in support of the selected strategies.
The goal of marketing is to build and maintain a preference for a company and its procts within the target markets. The goal of any business is to build mutually profitable and sustainable relationships with its customers. While all business domains are responsible for accomplishing this goal, the marketing domain bears a significant share of the responsibility.
Within the larger scope of its definition, marketing is performed through the actions of three coordinated disciplines named: “Proct Marketing”, “Corporate Marketing”, and “Marketing Communications”. [2]
[edit] Two levels of marketing
Strategic marketing: attempts to determine how an organization competes against its competitors in a market place. In particular, it aims at generating a competitive advantage relative to its competitors.
Operational marketing: executes marketing functions to attract and keep customers and to maximize the value derived for them, as well as to satisfy the customer with prompt services and meeting the customer expectations. Operational Marketing includes the determination of the porter's five forces
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⑺ 有没有关于市场营销方面的英文文章
www.financetimes.com上面多的很的内啊容
⑻ 跪求一份全英文的毕业论文《市场营销的作用》
Discusses the character and scholarship studies the rule discipline which the commodity and the value as well as the exchange value, how the use value and do realize. In other words, discusses the character and scholarship is launches the marketing research based on the commodity itself for the center one kind of knowledge. the market marketing study is just the opposite, the market marketing study is the establishment in by the market demand one kind of knowledge which develops for the center. If the market marketing study needs the smooth development, must complete three aspects the work: does first, what output need to be clear about own company or own organization can provide. This delivers including the proct, also includes the service; second, needs to be clear about the proct which or the service in the market needs us to be possible to provide. If need, then in any region the need, needs how many; third, needs to be clear, if we must supply the aiming a target market, then our supplies way to be whether convenient, if is not convenient, whether to establish belongs to an own way, this way needs how many costs, and so on; Therefore, by the marketing study research's content as well as the research three aspects may look that discusses the character and scholarship to be possible to the commodity nature, the commodity use, as well as the commodity will proce in the future possibly the development value and the brand effect will have some appraisal nature information, but these information will be helpful to business understand their proct, thus more detailed clear proct or service before has not put into the market prospect how. In short, discusses the character and scholarship and the marketing study is the relations which one kind complements one another, has not discussed the character and scholarship regarding the standard situation understanding, easy to see many demands, but did not know that can satisfy him; If the commodity study left the marketing study, will discuss the character and scholarship will become very incapable, knew that oneself can do anything, but because did not know that in the market will need anything, will therefore become starts without knowing where to begin. Single opinion, if has offends, asks respectfully to forgive!
⑼ 求一篇有关市场营销英文的论文5000字
First, services marketing. Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service instry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service procts, proct creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, procts, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the proct's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible procts); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, procts, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of proct marketing, how to promote the exchange of proct services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible procts. However, both services proct marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth. Second, network marketing. Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update proct or price adjustments; rece printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qu, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions. It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend. Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software instry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising instry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage. Third, green marketing. The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free procts based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and determine the marketing mix strategy is based on green technology, green markets and green based on economic, ecological concerns for the human response to a mode of operation. Some developed countries the demand for green procts is very extensive, but developing countries as capital and consumer orientation, quality and consumer reasons, it can not really achieve the greening of all consumer demand. Taiwan for instance, currently only some food, home appliances, communication procts, part-green; while developed countries have adopted a variety of ways and means, including legislation, etc., Lai Tuixing and the achievement of all procts Di green consumption. Thus having a very broad basis of market demand for green marketing activities have laid a solid foundation. To green, for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, the demand for green food can not self-sufficient, the United Kingdom every year, the import of 80% of the total food consumption in Germany is as high as 98%. This indicates that the market potential for green procts is very large, very wide market demand. Green marketing is the twenty-first century consumer demand resulting from a novel marketing idea, that is, green marketing, marketing is also not out of the original theory. Therefore, the development of green marketing model and program selection and integration of related resources can not can not be severed from the original basis of marketing theory can be said that green marketing is the pursuit of health, safety, environmental protection, developed under the ideology of the new ways and means of marketing. Establish a modern enterprise is only a new marketing philosophy of sustainable development, make efforts to green marketing, the development of green procts for green proction, and sustainable development to adapt to the trend. At the same time, enterprises can further "consumer oriented", to promote sustainable consumption patterns of the full development and realization of their obligation to promote social development and ecological development of the responsibilities and obligations, so that their economic, social and environmental benefits .