国际市场营销常用中英文

❶ 市场营销相关的中英文对照文章，3000字左右，

要找中英文对照，3000字，这不大可能哦，
如果需要，我可以给你翻译，
qq:149019696

❷ 市场营销中几个英文缩写代表什么

1、CS：英文Customer Satisfaction的缩写，意为“顾客满意”。

2、4Ps，即：产品（Proct） 、价格（Price） 、促销（Promotion）、通路与配销 渠道和分销（Place&Distribution）。

3、4Cs，包括：顾客（Customer）、成本（Cost）、沟通（Communication）、便利（convenience）。

4、PLC：The Proct Life Cycle 产品生命周期

5、STP：在现代市场营销理论中，市场细分（Market Segmentation）、 目标市场（Market Targeting）、 市场定位（Market Positioning）是构成公司营销战略的核心三要素，被称为STP营销。

6、4R分别指代Relevance（关联）、Reaction（反应）、Relationship（关系）和Reward（回报）。

(2)国际市场营销常用中英文扩展阅读：

SWOT方法分析市场，SWOT方法用来确定企业本身的竞争优势、竞争劣势、机会和威胁，从而将公司的战略与公司内部资源、外部环境有机结合，主要以下四点：

1、strength（优势）：评估自己的长处

2、weakness（劣势）：找出自己的短处

3、opportunity（机会）：发现自己的机会

4、threats（威胁）：认识到存在的威胁

❸ 市场营销英文文献翻译成中文3000字

一、服务营销。

现代经济发展的一个显著特征是服务业的蓬勃发展，其在国民经济中的地位愈来愈重要，服务营销的重要性日益突出，中国已经加入WTO ,外资企业纷纷抢滩中国，中外服务市场营销大战将出现白热化的态势。现实经济生活中的服务可以区分为两大类。一种是服务产品，产品为顾客创造和提供的核心利益主要来自无形的服务。另一种是功能服务，产品的核心利益主要来自形成的成分，无形的服务只是满足顾客的非主要需求。贝瑞认为，在产品的核心利益来源中，有形的成分比无形的成分要多，那么这个产品就可以看作是一种“商品”（有形产品） ;如果无形的成分比有形的成分要多，那么这个产品就可以看作是一种“服务”。与服务的这种区分相一致，服务营销的研究形成了两大领域，即服务产品的营销和顾客服务营销。服务产品营销的本质是研究如何促进作为产品的服务的交换；顾客服务营销的本质则是研究如何利用服务作为一种营销工具促进有形产品的交换。但是，无论是服务产品营销，还是顾客服务营销，服务营销的核心理念都是顾客满意和顾客忠诚，通过取得顾客的满意和忠诚来促进相互有利的交换，最终实现营销绩效的改进和企业的长期成长。

First, services marketing.

Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service instry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service procts, proct creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, procts, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the proct's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible procts); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, procts, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of proct marketing, how to promote the exchange of proct services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible procts. However, both services proct marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth.

二、网络营销。

互联网络是一种利用通讯线路，将全球电脑纳入国际联网的信息传送系统必将是未来市场营销最重要的渠道。网络营销的特性包括；可24 小时随时随地地提供全球性营销服务；电脑可储存大量的信息，代消费者查询，可传送的信息数量与精确度，远超过其他媒体；能因应市场需求，及时更新产品或调整价格；减少印刷与邮递成本；且无店面租金，节约水电与人工成本；可避免推销员强势推销的干扰；可经由信息提供与互动交谈，与消费者建立长期良好的关系。互联网络是一种功能最强大的营销工具，它同时兼具渠道、促销、电子交易、互动顾客服务以及市场信息分析与提供的多种功能。

它以声光互动沟通的特质，作为跨越时空的媒体，已深深吸引年青一代人的眼光。此外，它所具备的一对一营销能力，正是符合[ 分众营销]与[ 直效营销]的未来趋势。 网络营销可视为一种新兴的营销渠道，它并非一定要取代传统的渠道，而是经由信息科技发展，来创新与重组营销渠道。但不可否认的是，网络营销必然会给传统营销造成冲击，因此商业界必须要注意这种趋势，并与软件产业作密切的联系与合作。以广告业为例，在最新媒体时代，销售是从开始到完成的一贯作业，就是说由吸引注意、引发兴趣、造成购买欲、进行采购，一气而成，而广告公司将参与营销的全程。商业企业也有必要改变传统的组织形态，提升新媒体部门的功能，引进兼具营销素养与电脑科技的人才，未来才能具备市场的竞争优势。
Second, network marketing.

Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update proct or price adjustments; rece printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qu, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions.

It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend.

Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software instry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising instry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage.
三、绿色营销。

所谓“绿色营销”，是指社会和企业在充分意识到消费者日益提高的环保意识和由此产生的对清洁型无公害产品需要的基础上，发现、创造并选择市场机会，通过一系列理性化的营销手段来满足消费者以及社会生态环境发展的需要，实现可持续发展的过程。绿色营销的核心是按照环保与生态原则来选择和确定营销组合的策略，是建立在绿色技术、绿色市场和绿色经济基础上的、对人类的生态关注给予回应的一种经营方式。目前，西方发达国家对于绿色产品的需求非常广泛，而发展中国家由于资金和消费导向上和消费质量等原因，还无法真正实现对所有消费需求的绿化。以我国为例，目前只能对部分食品、家电产品、通讯产品等进行部分绿化；而发达国家已经通过各种途径和手段，包括立法等，来推行和实现全部产品的绿色消费。从而培养了极为广泛的市场需求基础，为绿色营销活动的开展打下了坚实的根基。以绿色食品为例，英国、德国绿色食品的需求完全不能自给，英国每年要进口该食品消费总量的80% ,德国则高达98%。这表明，绿色产品的市场潜力非常巨大，市场需求非常广泛。

绿色营销只是适应二十一世纪的消费需求而产生的一种新型营销理念，也就是说，绿色营销还不可能脱离原有的营销理论基础。因此，绿色营销模式的制定和方案的选择及相关资源的整合还无法也不能脱离原有的营销理论基础，可以说绿色营销是在人们追求健康、安全、环保的意识形态下所发展起来的新的营销方式和方法。现代企业只有树立起一种全新的可持续发展营销的经营理念，努力开展绿色营销，开发绿色产品，进行绿色生产，才能和可持续发展潮流相适应。同时，企业还可进一步“导向消费者”，促成可持续消费模式的全面建立和实现，承担起促进社会发展和生态环境发展的责任和义务，使企业的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益相统一。

Third, green marketing.

The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free procts based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and determine the marketing mix strategy is based on green technology, green markets and green based on economic, ecological concerns for the human response to a mode of operation. Some developed countries the demand for green procts is very extensive, but developing countries as capital and consumer orientation, quality and consumer reasons, it can not really achieve the greening of all consumer demand. Taiwan for instance, currently only some food, home appliances, communication procts, part-green; while developed countries have adopted a variety of ways and means, including legislation, etc., Lai Tuixing and the achievement of all procts Di green consumption. Thus having a very broad basis of market demand for green marketing activities have laid a solid foundation. To green, for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, the demand for green food can not self-sufficient, the United Kingdom every year, the import of 80% of the total food consumption in Germany is as high as 98%. This indicates that the market potential for green procts is very large, very wide market demand.

Green marketing is the twenty-first century consumer demand resulting from a novel marketing idea, that is, green marketing, marketing is also not out of the original theory. Therefore, the development of green marketing model and program selection and integration of related resources can not can not be severed from the original basis of marketing theory can be said that green marketing is the pursuit of health, safety, environmental protection, developed under the ideology of the new ways and means of marketing. Establish a modern enterprise is only a new marketing philosophy of sustainable development, make efforts to green marketing, the development of green procts for green proction, and sustainable development to adapt to the trend. At the same time, enterprises can further "consumer oriented", to promote sustainable consumption patterns of the full development and realization of their obligation to promote social development and ecological development of the responsibilities and obligations, so that their economic, social and environmental benefits .

❹ 市场营销的英文

您好！外文名称：Marketing
又称为：市场学、市场行销或行销学
简称：营销

❺ 高分跪求!!!市场营销相关的中英文对照3000字左右的文章

术语：
PROFIT SHARING-------------------利润分成
DOCK CHARGE----------------------码头费
INLAND CHARGE--------------------内陆转运费
MERCHANDISE INSPECTION-----------商检费
TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGE---------THC
DRAYAGE--------------------------提箱和还箱费
PEAK SEASON SURCHARGE------------旺季附加费
COMMISSION-----------------------佣金
MAILS FEE------------------------邮寄费
PANAMA CHANNEL CHARGE------------运河费
THE CHARGE OF FREIGHT------------运杂费
TRANSSHIPMENT COSTS -------------中转费
VANNING FEE----------------------装箱费
INSURANCE FEE--------------------保险费
CUSTOM CLEARANCE FEE-------------报关费
CY SURCHARGE---------------------CY交货附加费
EQUIPMENT RETURN CHARGE----------空箱返还费
DIVERSION FEE--------------------改港费
EQUIPMENT CHANGING CHARGE--------改箱费
PORT CONGESTION SURCHARGE--------港口拥挤费
BUNKER ADJUSTIVE FACTOR----------BAF(燃油附加费)
CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT FACTOR-------CAF(币值附加费)
STORAGE CHARGE-------------------仓储费
CUSTOM INSPECTION FEE------------查验费
DEVANNING CHARGE-----------------拆箱费
DESTINATION DELIVERY CHARGE------DDC(终点码头卸货费)
HANDLING CHARGE------------------代理费
REFUND---------------------------反佣
GENERAL RATE INCREASE------------GRI(全面涨价费)
OCEAN FREIGHT--------------------海运费
DOCUMENT TRANSFERING FEE---------换单费
EQUIPMENT REPOSITION SURCHARGE---空箱调运费
WAREHOUSE REFUND SHARING---------拼箱退佣
CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION--------CFS(集装箱货运站)

随着社会的发展，行业竞争的日趋激烈，如何提高工作效率、降低管理成本、提高服务水平和企业的竞争能力，是每一个企业管理者最为关注的问题。越来越多的管理者认为实行计算机科学化管理是解决这一问题的关键。

物流运输企业由于行业特点，传统操作过程复杂，文件繁多，竞争日趋激烈。越来越多的信息问题涌现出来，例如：一方面，要不断开发客户市场，对客户的基本资料，货物分布情况、联系人的喜好及联系方式有较为全面的了解，另一方面，要作好财务的收付工作，确保运费能按时的收付，欠款一目了然，及时催缴。以往查阅厚厚的文件资料的做法，显然是不可取的。必须采取更有效的解决办法。同时收集处理信息的速度、信息的准确性、安全性，还影响到公司整体的管理水平和决策层对整体业务的控制和协调。采用计算机软件管理信息是解决上述问题的一个行之有效的办法。

物流管理软件，就是根据物流运输企业业务流程，将企业业务的各类数据联系起来，组成一个有机的系统，使得业务、财务、市场等方面的信息得以方便、快捷地传递，并经过综合处理生成各种报表送交给各个职能部门及决策层。应用物流管理软件系统不仅可以节省大量的人力，减少工作中的失误，对客户的询问可以迅速的从电脑中查询信息答复客户，而且可以帮助决策者及时调整公司经营策略，提高公司在同行业中的知名度，增强公司的竞争力。
过去物流管理着重在企业内部作业与组织的整合，对下游顾客的对应，是以服务与品质为主要重心。因此，评价物流的管理业绩和效果的准则，多半是以处理订单周期时间的速度，供货率及完成质量来量度。

随着物流业的发展，在供应链管理模式上增添新的内容，物流业出现了新的十大趋势。

（一）物流管理从物的处理，提升到物的加值方案设计、解决和管理上。可以为客户提供度身订造式的，并带有个性化的服务，企业逐渐转向强调跨企业界限的整合，使得顾客关系的维护与管理变得越来越重要。

（二）由对立转向联合。传统商业通道中，企业间多半以自我为中心，追求自我利益，因此往往造成企业间对立的局面。然而在追求更大竞争力的驱动下，许多企业开始在各个商业流通机能上整合，通过联合规划与作业，形成高度整合的供应链通道关系，使通道整体成绩和效果大幅提升。

（三）由预测转向终测。传统的流通模式通过预测下游通道的资源来进行各项物流作业活动，不幸的是预测很少会准确的，因而浪费了许多自然及商业资源。新兴的物流管理趋势是强调通道成员的联合机制，成员间愿意互换营运及策略的信息，尤其是内部需求及生产的资料，使得上游的企业无需去预测，流通模式是逐渐由预测基础转向终测基础发展。

（四）由经验积累转向变迁策略。一直以来经验曲线是企业用来分析市场竞争趋势及发展对应策略的方法，并以企业长年积累的经验作为主要竞争武器，然而科技的突飞进步，企业固守既有经验反而成为企业发展的障碍，因此在调度变化的环境下，经验及现存通道基础结构反变为最难克服的障碍，成功的企业要建立对策略方向的嗅觉和持续变迁管理体系才能生存。

（五）由绝对价值转向相对价值。传统财务评价只看一些绝对数值，新的评估方法将着重在相对价值的创造，亦即在通道中提供加值服务，顾客所增加的价值中企业可占多少比例。

（六）由功能整合转向程序整合。在竞争渠道日趋激烈的环境中，企业必须更快响应上、下游顾客的需要，因而必须有效整合各部门的营运，并以程序式的操作系统来动作，物流作业与活动多半具有跨功能，跨企业的特性，故程序式整合是物流管理成功的重点。

（七）由垂直整合转向虚拟整合。在传统渠道中，一些大企业进行通道的垂直整合，以期对通过掌握有更大的力量，事实证明这并不成功，反而分散了企业的资源，并将主业削弱。今日企业经营的趋势是专注核心业务，将非核心业务委托给专业管理公司去做，形成虚拟企业整合体系，使主体企业提供更好的产品及服务。

（八）由信息保留转向信息分享。在供应链管理结构下，供应链内相关企业必须将供应链整合所需的信息与其他企业分享，否则，无法形成有效的供应链体系。

（九）由训练转向知识学习。在可预见的未来，任何物流程序均以人力来完成。然而，物流作业多半需要在各个物流据点和运输网络中进行，大约有90%的时间，物流主管无法亲自加以监控。全球化的发展趋势，也增加了物流人力资源管理的复杂度。物流主管必须将以个别人员技能训练的方式，转向知识基础的学习发展。

（十）由管理会计转向价值管理。未来许多企业愿意投入许多资源建立基本会计系统，着重在提供增值创造，跨企业的管理信息，以期能确认可创造价值的作业，而非仅在于收益增加，成本升降上。

Along with society's development, the profession competition is day by day intense, how enhances the working efficiency, reces the management cost, the enhancement service level and enterprise's competitive ability, is each enterprise superintendent most matter of concern. More and more many superintendents thought the implementation computer scientific style management solves this question key.

The thing flows the transportation enterprise as a result of the profession characteristic, the tradition operating process complex, document many, the competition is day by day intense. The more and more many information question emerges, for example: On the one hand, must develop the customer market unceasingly, to the customer basic document, the cargo distribution situation, the contact person likes and the contact method has a more comprehensive understanding, on the other hand, must finish financial the receipts and disbursements work, guarantees the transport expense to be able on time receipts and disbursements, the debt to be clear, prompt press for payment. Formerly consulted the thick document material the procere, obviously was cannot be taken. Must adopt more effective solution. At the same time collects the process information the speed, the information accuracy, the security, but also affects the company whole management level and the decision-making strata to the overall service control and the coordination. Uses the computer software management information is solution above question effective means.

The thing class manages the software, is flows the transportation enterprise service flow according to the thing, according to relates the enterprise service various class numbers, composes an organic system, causes aspect the and so on service, finance, market information to be able to be convenient, to transmit quickly, and proces each kind of report form after synthesis processing to deliver for each function department and the decision-making strata. The appliance flows the management software system not only to be possible to save the massive manpower, reces in the work the fault, may be rapid to the customer inquiry inquires the information answer customer from the computer, moreover may help the policy-maker promptly to adjust the company to manage the strategy, enhances company's in same profession well-knownness, the enhancement company's competitive power.
In the past flowed the management emphatically in the enterprise interior work and organization's conformity, to the downriver customer's correspondence, was take serves and the quality as the main center of gravity. Therefore, the appraisal flows the management achievement and the effect criterion, is mostly by processes the order form period the speed, supplying goods rate and completes the quality to measure.

Along with the thing flowing instry development, increased the new content in the supply chain management pattern, thing flowing instry had the new ten major tendencies.

(1) thing flows the management from thing processing, promotes to in the thing Canadian value plan design, the solution and the management. May provides for the customer 度身订造 -like, and has the personalization the service, the enterprise graally changes emphasized the cross enterprise boundary the conformity, causes the maintenance and the management which the customer relates changes more and more importantly.

(2) changes the union by the opposition. In the traditional commercial channel, the enterprise mostly take as the center, pursues the self- benefit, therefore often makes the aspect which the enterprise opposes. However in under the pursue bigger competitive power actuation, many enterprises starts in each commercial circulation function the conformity, through the union plan and the work, forms highly the conformity supply chain channel relations, causes the channel overall result and the effect large promotion.

(3) changes the final survey by the forecast. The traditional circulation pattern carries on each thing through the forecast downriver channel resources to flow the work activity, unfortunately forecasts very little can accurate, thus has wasted many natures and the commercial resources. The emerging thing flows the management tendency is emphasized the channel member's union mechanism, between the member is willing to exchange transport business and the strategy information upstream, in particular internal demand and the proction material, causes the enterprise not to need to forecast, the circulation pattern changes the final survey foundation development graally by the forecast foundation.

(4) accumulates by the experience changes the vicissitude strategy. The empirical curve has since always been the enterprise uses for to analyze the market competition tendency and the development correspondence strategy method, and the experience which accumulates by the enterprise elders takes the main competition weapon, however the science and technology flies suddenly the progress, the enterprise defends stubbornly already has the experience instead to become the barrier which the enterprise develops, therefore in under the dispatch change environment, the experience and the extant channel foundation structure instead becomes the barrier which most difficult to overcome, the success enterprise must establish to the strategy direction sense of smell and continues the vicissitude management system to be able to survive.

(5) changes the relative value by the absolute value. The traditional finance appraisal will look only some absolute values, the new appraisal method emphatically in the relative value creation, that is will provide adds the value service in the channel, in the value which the customer will increase the enterprise may account for how many proportions.

(6) changes the procere conformity by the function conformity. In the competition channel intense environment, the enterprise must day by day in a quicker response, the downriver customer's need, thus must effective conformity various departments' transport business, and acts by the procere -like operating system, the thing flows the work and the activity has the cross function mostly, cross enterprise's characteristic, therefore the procere type conformity is the thing class manages the successful key point.

(7) changes the hypothesized conformity by the vertical conformity. In the traditional channel, some big enterprises carry on the channel the vertical conformity, to through grasps by the time has a bigger strength, the fact proved this is not successful, instead dispersed enterprise's resources, and weakens the principal work. Today the enterprise manages the tendency is dedicated nucleus □0 □$.  The service, makes the non- core business request for the specialized management company, forms the hypothesized enterprise conformity system, causes the main body enterprise to provide a better proct and the service.

(8) changes the information share by the information retention. Under the supply chain management structure, supplies in the chain to be connected the enterprise to have to supply the information which the chain conformity needs to share with other enterprises, otherwise, is unable to form the effective supply chain system.

(9) changes the knowledge study by the training. In future which may foresee, any thing flows the procere to complete by the manpower. However, the thing flows the work to need to flow the foothold and in mostly the transportation network in each thing carries on, probably some 90% time, the thing flows the manager to be unable to perform to monitor personally. Globalization development tendency, also increased the thing to flow the human resources management the order of complexity. The thing flows the manager to have by the indivial personnel skill training way, changes the knowledge foundation the study development.

(10) changes the value management by management accounting. Future many enterprises will be willing to invest many resources establishments basic accountant the system, in will provide the increment creation emphatically, the cross enterprise's management information, by the time will be able the true approval creation value work, but must only will lie in the income to increase, in cost fluctuation.

❻ 国际市场营销中的 3C 4P 5M 都是什么请详细的解释一下

传统的网络营销观点认为：网站的流量影响着媒体的价值和广告营销的效果，其精确计量单位已经进化到平均页面逗留时间、用户浏览行数，甚至使用月平均浏览网站的忠实用户。这些曾经是毋庸置疑的事实，从而使人们对大流量网站形成了近乎偏执的信任。针对不同流量类型的网站，易观国际结合实际研究利用一个3C模型(如下图)对网站流量对应的网站价值作了分析。
模型图表明，网站按流量的大小可以分为三种类型：
第一种是内容型(Content)网站，内容的广泛性带来绝对的流量和广泛的用户群，以新浪为代表，此类网站以品牌广告收入为主要营收。
第二种类型是社区型(Community)网站，网站流量来自于为不同的细分人群提供不同的服务，针对性强但绝对值少于内容型网站，以淘宝、携程等网络社区类网站为代表，此类网站以广告收入和增值业务收入为主要营收。
第三种类型是电子商务(Commerce)型网站，网站靠用户群的持续购买行为或对购买行为施加持续影响产生流量，网站流量最小但商业价值最高，以阿里巴巴为典型代表，网站靠在线营销和代理交易获取收入。
从网站所实际获得的交易规模来看，第二、第三类型网站交易规模远比第一类网站大得多。其中的影响因素由不同类型网站用户附加值的差异所决定。这与传统的网站流量大，价值一定高的观点相悖。显而易见，与门户类网站相比，产生持续购买行为的电子商务网站用户，不仅能够为网站交易做出有价值的贡献，(对广告主)还具有更高的商业营销价值。
经典4Ps 4Ps(产品、价格、渠道、促销)营销策略自20世纪50年代末由JeromeMcCarthy提出以来，对市场营销理论和实践产生了深刻的影响，被营销经理们奉为营销理论中的经典。而且，如何在4Ps理论指导下实现营销组合，实际上也是公司市场营销的基本运营方法。
4P指代的是Proct(产品)、Price(价格)、Place(地点，即分销，或曰渠道)和Promotion(促销)四个英文单词。这一理论认为，如果一个营销组合中包括合适的产品，合适的价格，合适的分销策略，和合适的促销策略，那么这将是一个成功的营销组合，企业的营销目标也可以藉以实现。

5M，就是制定广告方案所需决定的五项主要决定：
任务（mission）：广告的目标是什么？
资金（money）：要花多少钱？
信息（message）：要传送什么信息？
媒体（media）：使用什么媒体？
衡量（measurement）：如何评价结果？

5M管理是生产现场管理非常有效的管理方法之一，是生产现场管理者必须熟练掌握和应用的技法之一。5M分别代表MANPOWER(人力)、MACHINE(机器)、MATERIAL(材料)、METHOD(方法)、MANAGEMENT(管理)。简称为“人机料法管”（多数企业还叫作“人机料法环”，环境代替了最后一个M的“管理”）。笔者经过多年的营销实践，把生产现场的5M管理成功地嫁接到营销终端活动的管理上，同样开花结果，屡试不爽。
对于成功策划、组织、实施终端活动的5M管理是什么呢？这5个M只是稍有变化，分别是MANPOWER(人力)、MACHANDISE(商品)、MATERIAL(物料)、METHOD(方法)、MANAGEMENT(管理)。其中的两个M发生了变化，机器变成了商品，材料变成了物料。5M管理，从某种程度上讲，是确保一个终端活动，特别是现在使用频繁、大行其道的终端促销活动成功的不二法门。

第一个M是MANPWOER，就是人力资源。简单讲，一个终端活动的实施肯定离不开人手。人力包括人员的多少、人员的具体分工、人员的培训、人员的激励等内容。越是大型的终端活动，人员越多，组织难度越大。需要提前策划和调配好相关的人力。

第二个M是MACHANDISE,商品或产品。商品永远是活动的主角，需要精心梳洗打扮的。活动期间的商品管理主要包括商品组合、商品陈列、商品价格三项主要内容。商品组合是指要确定参加活动期间的商品品种和数量、重点推介商品、上量商品、利润商品、形象商品等。对这些商品进行有效地组合，才能达成活动效果。商品陈列是指活动期间商品如何摆放、如何展示、如何布置，才能达到突出商品的卖点、形象等，以吸引消费者的眼球。商品价格是指活动期间对商品价格的调整，如统一的折扣、个别优惠、特价等。

第三个M是MATERIAL，是活动物料。活动物料可分为三大类：一是活动宣传物料、活动现场物料、活动赠品物料。宣传物料主要达到宣传活动信息和活动造势使用的，常用的如海报、单页、DM单张、夹报、户外广告、宣传车辆等。活动现场物料是满足活动现场需求的，在活动的不同区域：产品区、舞台区、洽谈区、收银区等摆放和布置不同的物料。活动赠品物料是每次活动必不可少的一项，根据活动性质、活动规模等，灵活多样地采购各种促进销售成功的赠品。

前三个M都是硬件，后两个M都是软件了。

第四个M是METHOD，方法。一个活动要成功，必须要有成功的方法。最重的的方法是掌握好活动成功的“三点式”。第一点是焦点。现在是注意力经济的时代，有眼球才有人气，有人气，才有销量。活动成功的第一点就是要让这个活动成为目标受众的焦点，否则活动很难成功。第二点是卖点或利益点。把人气聚集过来了，如何展示，如何打动目标顾客，如何让顾客有购买的冲动。第三点是售点。就是最后的“临门一脚”，如何打消顾客的疑虑，如何让顾客现场掏钱，这里边可是有大学问，在这笔者不多讲。

第五个M是MANAGEMENT,管理。活动的管理主要包括活动目标管理、预算管理、流程管理、人员管理等主要内容。目标管理是对活动目标的设定、分解、管控。预算管理主要是对活动产生费用的合理预算和把控。流程管理主要是对活动整个流程的梳理、分解和现场的有效把控。人员管理包括对人员的招聘、培训、激励等内容。

5M管理的一硬（前三个M）和一软（后两个M）是保证一个现场活动成功的必要五要素。对一个终端活动，5M管理不是万能的，但没有5M管理是万万不能的。掌握和使用5M不能保证活动个个成功，但没有5M管理的终端活动是绝对不会成功的。