英文市场营销A考试

① 求一篇英文的市场营销作业！

Along with society's development, the profession competition is day by day intense, how enhances the working efficiency, reces the management cost, the enhancement service level and enterprise's competitive ability, is each enterprise superintendent most matter of concern. More and more many superintendents thought the implementation computer scientific style management solves this question key.

The thing flows the transportation enterprise as a result of the profession characteristic, the tradition operating process complex, document many, the competition is day by day intense. The more and more many information question emerges, for example: On the one hand, must develop the customer market unceasingly, to the customer basic document, the cargo distribution situation, the contact person likes and the contact method has a more comprehensive understanding, on the other hand, must finish financial the receipts and disbursements work, guarantees the transport expense to be able on time receipts and disbursements, the debt to be clear, prompt press for payment. Formerly consulted the thick document material the procere, obviously was cannot be taken. Must adopt more effective solution. At the same time collects the process information the speed, the information accuracy, the security, but also affects the company whole management level and the decision-making strata to the overall service control and the coordination. Uses the computer software management information is solution above question effective means.

The thing class manages the software, is flows the transportation enterprise service flow according to the thing, according to relates the enterprise service various class numbers, composes an organic system, causes aspect the and so on service, finance, market information to be able to be convenient, to transmit quickly, and proces each kind of report form after synthesis processing to deliver for each function department and the decision-making strata. The appliance flows the management software system not only to be possible to save the massive manpower, reces in the work the fault, may be rapid to the customer inquiry inquires the information answer customer from the computer, moreover may help the policy-maker promptly to adjust the company to manage the strategy, enhances company's in same profession well-knownness, the enhancement company's competitive power.
In the past flowed the management emphatically in the enterprise interior work and organization's conformity, to the downriver customer's correspondence, was take serves and the quality as the main center of gravity. Therefore, the appraisal flows the management achievement and the effect criterion, is mostly by processes the order form period the speed, supplying goods rate and completes the quality to measure.

Along with the thing flowing instry development, increased the new content in the supply chain management pattern, thing flowing instry had the new ten major tendencies.

(1) thing flows the management from thing processing, promotes to in the thing Canadian value plan design, the solution and the management. May provides for the customer 度身订造 -like, and has the personalization the service, the enterprise graally changes emphasized the cross enterprise boundary the conformity, causes the maintenance and the management which the customer relates changes more and more importantly.

(2) changes the union by the opposition. In the traditional commercial channel, the enterprise mostly take as the center, pursues the self- benefit, therefore often makes the aspect which the enterprise opposes. However in under the pursue bigger competitive power actuation, many enterprises starts in each commercial circulation function the conformity, through the union plan and the work, forms highly the conformity supply chain channel relations, causes the channel overall result and the effect large promotion.

(3) changes the final survey by the forecast. The traditional circulation pattern carries on each thing through the forecast downriver channel resources to flow the work activity, unfortunately forecasts very little can accurate, thus has wasted many natures and the commercial resources. The emerging thing flows the management tendency is emphasized the channel member's union mechanism, between the member is willing to exchange transport business and the strategy information upstream, in particular internal demand and the proction material, causes the enterprise not to need to forecast, the circulation pattern changes the final survey foundation development graally by the forecast foundation.

(4) accumulates by the experience changes the vicissitude strategy. The empirical curve has since always been the enterprise uses for to analyze the market competition tendency and the development correspondence strategy method, and the experience which accumulates by the enterprise elders takes the main competition weapon, however the science and technology flies suddenly the progress, the enterprise defends stubbornly already has the experience instead to become the barrier which the enterprise develops, therefore in under the dispatch change environment, the experience and the extant channel foundation structure instead becomes the barrier which most difficult to overcome, the success enterprise must establish to the strategy direction sense of smell and continues the vicissitude management system to be able to survive.

(5) changes the relative value by the absolute value. The traditional finance appraisal will look only some absolute values, the new appraisal method emphatically in the relative value creation, that is will provide adds the value service in the channel, in the value which the customer will increase the enterprise may account for how many proportions.

(6) changes the procere conformity by the function conformity. In the competition channel intense environment, the enterprise must day by day in a quicker response, the downriver customer's need, thus must effective conformity various departments' transport business, and acts by the procere -like operating system, the thing flows the work and the activity has the cross function mostly, cross enterprise's characteristic, therefore the procere type conformity is the thing class manages the successful key point.

(7) changes the hypothesized conformity by the vertical conformity. In the traditional channel, some big enterprises carry on the channel the vertical conformity, to through grasps by the time has a bigger strength, the fact proved this is not successful, instead dispersed enterprise's resources, and weakens the principal work. Today the enterprise manages the tendency is dedicated nucleus □0 □$.  The service, makes the non- core business request for the specialized management company, forms the hypothesized enterprise conformity system, causes the main body enterprise to provide a better proct and the service.

(8) changes the information share by the information retention. Under the supply chain management structure, supplies in the chain to be connected the enterprise to have to supply the information which the chain conformity needs to share with other enterprises, otherwise, is unable to form the effective supply chain system.

(9) changes the knowledge study by the training. In future which may foresee, any thing flows the procere to complete by the manpower. However, the thing flows the work to need to flow the foothold and in mostly the transportation network in each thing carries on, probably some 90% time, the thing flows the manager to be unable to perform to monitor personally. Globalization development tendency, also increased the thing to flow the human resources management the order of complexity. The thing flows the manager to have by the indivial personnel skill training way, changes the knowledge foundation the study development.

(10) changes the value management by management accounting. Future many enterprises will be willing to invest many resources establishments basic accountant the system, in will provide the increment creation emphatically, the cross enterprise's management information, by the time will be able the true approval creation value work, but must only will lie in the income to increase, in cost fluctuation.

② 市场营销怎么翻译成英语

市场营销的英文翻译是marketing management，作为名词或课程使用，具体分析如下：

marketing management

英 [ˈmɑ:kɪtɪŋ ˈmænidʒmənt] 美 [ˈmɑrkɪtɪŋ ˈmænɪdʒmənt]

销售管理;市场营销

相关短语：

1、Marketing OPerations Management市场运作与管理

2、Wine Marketing &Management红酒市场营销及管理

3、MSc Marketing and Management市场与管理

4、Services Marketing & Management服务营销与管理

(2)英文市场营销A考试扩展阅读

相关例句：

1、MarketingManagement,FinanceManagement,OperationManagement, EngineeringEconomy,RiskManagement.

市场营销，财务管理，运营管理，工程经济，风险管理。

2、.

营销管理流程制度健全程度。

3、 .

基于中间件技术构建电力营销管理系统的应用研究。

4、,consumptioncongestionhas drawn .

消费集成作为一种新的营销管理模式，引起了商家越来越多的关注。

5、.

供电系统电力营销的数字化管理模式研究。

6、 Workflow.

基于工作流的电力营销管理信息系统的研究。

③ 嘉兴学院国际市场营销(英)考试是英文试卷吗

平时多和别人谈古论今。和同学谈，和家里人谈，和邻居谈，和亲戚谈，和伙伴谈专，和属陌生人谈，和老师谈。把你知道的东西说给别人听，也从别人那里听别人说的东西。多和别人谈论，你会首先发现你的表达能力提高了，你能讲出你脑子里所想的东西。多和别人谈论，你还会发现你的知识面加宽了，你从别人那里“交流”到很多知识。多和别人谈论，你还会发现……

④ marketing 市场营销论文 要英文版的

With the development of IT technology, business to the increasingly rapid pace of change to the network, and now we have entered the information age, speed has become our constant pursuit of direction. For each enterprise essential to marketing departments in order to advance the pace of change even more in, people began to network marketing transformation.

Some experts said that in the Internet age of today's Internet Marketing will soon replace the traditional marketing methods and become the main theme of the market. Because people can see the advantages of the network marketing, in-house, departments, and between all departments of the Internet to share information, but also shorten the time for the transmission of information. Thus greatly improving the efficiency of the computer above the company can build up a database, there are customers inside the basic information and consumer information records and is concive to the implementation of one-on-one marketing, for better customer service. At the same time also allow customers to feel he is very business-to-the mind, increase customer loyalty and sales network for the same very attractive, it may omit many brokers, such as wholesalers, distributors, retailers and even And to directly face the customer. Thus greatly rece the cost, the enterprise's procts more competitive to achieve greater sales, and more importantly is able to get the fastest rate of customer feedback to enable enterprises to adapt to market the proct more demand e to enterprises Always walk in the forefront of the market.

Some experts say that may be. Network marketing is some advantage, but his shortcomings but can not be ignored. Network can get market information faster, but the network sales increase sales but can not agree with. They believe that this network has only the most cutting-edge things. Most people have not accepted this approach. It is also not in the habit of online shopping, the things on these virtual lack of trust, they believe that the reality is quite the thing. Life, if I bought What is the problem with the quality of things you can find manufacturers directly, or find a vendor, and will soon receive a response. I do not know that the Internet can be the Whom do I contact, how to find, when a reply » Some say things simply do not fit in online sales, proction companies such as Coca-Cola drinks, I Xianghe when casually into stores or supermarkets which can be bought, it has more convenient, however, how to simplify the sales process? » Everyone knows that there is no need of. If you get the trust of customers, to the extent possible, satisfy the customer, then I think the most effective way is not to rece costs, as long as you in every corner of the world placed on Coke, so that people no matter what time any place as long as the wish to Drink will be able to see it and that is the biggest customer satisfaction, not only rece costs but forgot the more important in the market.

Network development is fast, according to the computer penetration rate is now to complete the transition to the network also needs a long time, not to mention to our Chinese enterprises. Network marketing is a great potential, but also可要not fully developed, the traditional marketing methods will still dominate, the network marketing soon replace the traditional marketing is not realistic. Perhaps the best marketing is not marketing, not traditional marketing, I think they can complement each other, Gequ director, perhaps the most promising is the best way of marketing it.

中文

随着IT技术的发展，企业以越来越快的速度向网络化转变，现在我们已经进入了信息时代，速度更成了我们不断追求的方向。而对于每个企业必不可少的市场营销部门在以更超前的速度转变着，人们开始向网络营销转化。

有的专家说，在网络时代的今天网络营销会很快的替代传统的营销方式而成为市场的主旋律。因为人们可以看到了网络营销的优势， 在企业内部 ，部门和部门之间都相互联网有利于信息共享 ，也缩短了信息传递的时间。 从而大大提高了工作效率， 可以在公司电脑上面建立数据库，里边存有客户的基本资料和消费信息纪录 ，有利于实施一对一营销，从而更好的为客户服务。同时也能让客户感受到企业对他是相当的在乎， 更提高了客户的忠诚度 ，而对于网络销售同样很有诱惑力，它可以省略许多中间商，象批发商 、经销商、 甚至是零售商， 而直接面对客户。从而大大降低了成本，企业的产品更有竞争力取得更大的销售业绩，而更主要的是能以最快的速度得到客户的反馈信息，使企业的产品更适应市场的需求，而使企业总是走在市场的最前列。

可有的专家却认为。网络营销是有一些优势，但他的缺点却不容忽视。网络化是可以更快的得到市场信息， 但网络销售提高销售业绩却不堪赞同。他们认为，网络化今天却只是最前沿的东西。大部分的人还没有接受这种方式。人们还不太习惯在网上购物，他们对这些虚拟的东西缺乏信任，他们还是比较相信现实中存在的东西。生活中，如果我买了东西质量有什么问题直接就可以找厂家， 或者找卖主 ，而且会很快的得到答复。可网上我不知道该找谁，怎么找，什么时候有答复？再说有的东西根本就不适合在网上销售，比如可口可乐公司生产的饮品， 我想喝的时候随便进哪个商店或者超市都能买到，这已经再方便不过了，还要怎么简化销售过程吗？谁都知道没有必要了。你要想得到顾客的信任，想尽可能的满足顾客，那么我想最有效的方法不是去降低成本，只要你在世界的每个角落都摆放上可乐，让人们不论在什么时间什么地点只要想喝就能够看到它那就是对顾客最大的满足，不要只顾着降低成本而却忘了更重要的市场占有率。

网络化发展的的确快，可按照现在的电脑普及率要完全的向网络化转变还需要相当长的时间，更何况对我们中国的企业。网络营销确实潜力很大，可要完全开发却也不易，传统的营销方式还是会占主导地位，网络营销很快的取代传统的营销是不现实的。也许最好的营销方式不是网络营销，也不是传统营销，我觉得他们完全可以相互补充，各取所长，也许那才是最好最有前途的营销方式吧。

⑤ 市场营销中几个英文缩写代表什么

1、CS：英文Customer Satisfaction的缩写，意为“顾客满意”。

2、4Ps，即：产品（Proct） 、价格（Price） 、促销（Promotion）、通路与配销 渠道和分销（Place&Distribution）。

3、4Cs，包括：顾客（Customer）、成本（Cost）、沟通（Communication）、便利（convenience）。

4、PLC：The Proct Life Cycle 产品生命周期

5、STP：在现代市场营销理论中，市场细分（Market Segmentation）、 目标市场（Market Targeting）、 市场定位（Market Positioning）是构成公司营销战略的核心三要素，被称为STP营销。

6、4R分别指代Relevance（关联）、Reaction（反应）、Relationship（关系）和Reward（回报）。

(5)英文市场营销A考试扩展阅读：

SWOT方法分析市场，SWOT方法用来确定企业本身的竞争优势、竞争劣势、机会和威胁，从而将公司的战略与公司内部资源、外部环境有机结合，主要以下四点：

1、strength（优势）：评估自己的长处

2、weakness（劣势）：找出自己的短处

3、opportunity（机会）：发现自己的机会

4、threats（威胁）：认识到存在的威胁

⑥ 英语翻译关于市场营销方面的.

看我的：
From winning disputes to the promotion of the company image, the differentiation strategy adopted by some of the enterprises will always take dramatic effect. In the market with seriously homogenized proct, it will add an incentive, highlighting the former even market situation. More importantly, by the meantime when those companies which had gained temporary or long term profits they are further affecting their peers. However, what they must attach importance to is that the differentiation was a double-blade sword, especially for the enterprises in the markets lack of variable procts. Once they have week innovative ability or implementing force, they are tended to lose their original market shares more than gain profits. Analyzing from real cases, we may find some of the enterprises bring in the strategy all but a following-suit. They are not well adoptive to the requirements of the strategy; consequently change their previous right measures.

In the face of challenges, REALFLEET should take the following actions:
1. Promoting the technological innovation, and continuing to breed core competitiveness
2. Extending the humanity functions of procts to create value for customer
3. Reinforcing cooperation and Improving proct quality
4. Highlighting distinctive image, and reinforcing brand management
5. strengthening sale network construction and providing personalized service

⑦ 市场营销（双语），考试是英文的，该如何复习。市场细分按顾客角度的案例分析，有哪些顾客角度

顾客需求的异质性
并不是所有顾客的需求都相同，只要存在两个以上的顾客，需求就会不同。由于顾客需求、欲望及购买行为是多元的，所以顾客需求满足呈现差异。企业应该分辨出它能有效为之服务的最具有吸引力的细分市场，集中企业资源，制定科学的竞争策略，以取得和增强竞争优势。

顾客细分
它既是客户关系管理（customer relationship management, CRM ）的重要理论组成部分，又是其重要管理工具。它是分门别类研究客户、进行有效客户评估、合理分配服务资源、成功实施客户策略的基本原则之一，为企业充分获取客户价值提供理论和方法指导。
顾客细分理论原理是：每类产品的顾客群不是一个群体，根据顾客群的文化观念，消费收入、消费习俗、生活方式的不同细分新的类别，企业根据消费者的不同制定品牌推广战略和营销策略，将资源针对目标顾客集中使用。
客户细分包括：

1.根据人口特征和购买历史细分 如果企业要最大化地实现可持续发展和长期利润，就要明智地只关注正确的顾客群体，因为企业要获得每一位顾客，先前都要付出一定的投入，这种投入只有在你能赢得顾客的忠诚后才能得到补偿。因此，要通过价值营销以获得品牌忠诚重要的一步就是对客户进行细分，找寻到哪些顾客是能为企业带来赢利的，哪些顾客不能，并锁定那些高价值顾客。只有这样企业才能保证他在培育顾客忠诚的过程中所投入的资源得到回报，企业的长期利润和持续发展才能得到保证。2.根据顾客对企业的价值细分

顾客细分
我们有必要根据顾客对企业的价值来细分顾客。衡量顾客对企业的价值可以有很多方法，计算顾客的终身价值是一个切实可行的方法。所谓顾客终身价值是指顾客作为企业顾客的周期内为企业的利润的贡献的折现总和。影响顾客终身价值的最重要的两个因素是计算周期和贴现率。一般而言，在贴现率不变的情况下，顾客成为企业顾客的周期越长，那么纳入计算的顾客价值就越多，顾客的终身价值就越大；计算周期一定的情况下，贴现率越高，未来的收益就越不值钱，则顾客终身价值就越小。 顾客终身价值的计算比较复杂，需要获得以下信息： ①顾客作为某品牌的顾客的时间周期 ②企业的贴现率 ③每个时间周期内顾客购买某种品牌的频数 ④顾客购买该品牌产品的平均贡献 ⑤顾客购买该品牌的概率 ⑥其他一些信息 随着数据库技术的发展，尤其是数据挖掘和数据仓储技术的发展，使得顾客价值评估成为可能。相比较而言，金融服务部门、电信服务部门根据顾客价值进行市场细分的可能性就大一些。编辑本段细分有哪些方式

顾客细分
一般来说，细分可以根据三个方面的考虑来进行. 1.外在属性 如客户的地域分布，客户的产品拥有，客户的组织归属——企业用户、个人用户、政府用户等。通常，这种分层最简单、直观，数据也很容易得到。但这种分类比较粗放，我们依然不知道在每一个客户层面，谁是“好”客户，谁是“差”客户。我们能知道的只是某一类客户(如大企业客户) 较之另一类客户(如政府客户) 可能消费能力更强。 2.内在属性 内在属性行为客户的内在因素所决定的属性，比如性别、年龄、信仰、爱好、收入、家庭成员数、信用度、性格、价值取向等。 3.消费行为分类 在不少行业对消费行为的分析主要从三个方面考虑，即所谓RFM：最近消费、消费频率与消费额.这些指标都需要在账务系统中得到。但并不是每个行业都能适用。在通信行业，比如说，对客户分类主要依据这样一些变量：话费量、使用行为特征、付款记录,信用记录、维护行为、注册行为等。 按照消费行为来分类通常只能适用于现有客户，对于潜在客户，由于消费行为还没有开始，当然分层无从谈起。即使对于现有客户，消费行为分类也只能满足企业客户分层的特定目的。如奖励贡献多的客户。至于找出客户中的特点为市场营销活动找到确定对策，则要做更多的数据分析工作。编辑本段顾客细分后的分类
企业根据潜在的忠诚顾客和顾客的终身价值可把顾客分为4类： 白金顾客（“顶尖”客户），即与本企业目前有业务往来的前1％的顾客； 黄金顾客（“大”客户），即与本企业目前有业务往来的随后4％的顾客； 铁顾客（“中等”客户），即与本企业有业务往来的再随后15％的顾客； 铅顾客（“小”客户），即所剩下来的80％的顾客。编辑本段7个客户细分诀窍
1、每个客户只能归入一个类别。否则，客户可能因此陷入多种相互矛盾的产品信息而无所适从。 2、不要有渠道差异。客户从不同渠道获得的产品信息都应该是相同的。每个直接接触客户的员工都能够随时知道产品推荐信息并传递给客户。 3、提供直接接触客户的员工有针对性的、可执行的对策。不要把仍需解释的信息提供给他们。应准确地告诉他们对客户来说哪种产品是最适合的。 4、在客户细分之初，应给销售人员提供最佳名单，确保高成功率。不断抓住机会扩大消费者名单，并给出每个消费者的“购买可能性”评分，以帮助销售人员了解客户可能接受的程度。 5、每一细分类别由一位高级经理负责盈亏平衡。这样做的目的是确保细分战略的最大收益。 6、由高级管理人员负责推动客户细分。若公司仅仅在一个产品线推行细分，公司就有可能忽略部分客户的感受;若由总公司而不是某一部门负责，客户细分就有可能不太受预算的制约。 7、自小处着手，再不断扩大。开始把客户粗略地分成几个大类，然后再逐渐进行更细致、更准确地划分。但是不要等到一切都尽善尽美了再去做，要先迈出第一步编辑本段顾客细分案例分析—全聚德的顾客细分

顾各细分
北京前门全聚德烤鸭店是北京全聚德烤鸭集团的起源店（老店），创建于1864年，以经营传统挂炉烤鸭蜚声海内外，是京城著名的老字号。1993 年，全聚德成立股份公司，前门店进入股份公司，当年的营业收入是4500万元，至2001年12月16日，前门店的年营业收入已达到9000万元，企业用了8年时间在硬件没有什么大的改变的条件下，营业收入翻了一番。对于一些新兴产业来说，这个进步可能并不算什么，但对于一个受诸多限制的国有体制餐饮企业来说，却是一个很大的飞跃。前门店总经理沈放说，餐饮行业是劳动密集型行业，每一分钱的利润都是厨师一刀一刀切出来、服务员一句句话讲出来的，非常不容易。8年来，前门全聚德店靠专业技术、科学管理、菜品创新和诚信营销在2600平方米的餐厅内创造了接近顶峰的辉煌： 全店900个餐位，平均每个餐位实现年销售收入10万元；全店400名员工，平均每个员工实现年销售收入22．5万元?在整个餐饮业处于领先地位；曾创造过餐饮单店日销售67．7万元的全国最高纪录。其经营策略是——攻击型服务。
顾客细分
所谓“攻击型服务”，就是要求服务员针对不同类型的就餐顾客，提供不同的服务对策。北京前门全聚德烤鸭店按照人的四种不同气质类型，总结了以下具体服务对策： 1．多血质－活泼型：这一类型的顾客一般表现为活泼好动，反应迅速，善于交际但兴趣易变，具有外倾性。他们常常主动与餐厅服务人员攀谈，并很快与之熟悉并交上朋友，但这种友谊常常多变而不牢固；他们在点菜时往往过于匆忙，过后可能改变主意而退菜；他们喜欢尝新、尝鲜，但又很快厌倦；他们的想象力和联想力丰富，受菜名、菜肴的造型、器皿及就餐环境影响较大，但有时注意力不够集中，表情外露。 服务对策：服务员在可能的情况下，要主动同这一类型的消费者交谈，但不应有过多重复，否则他们会不耐烦。要多向他们提供新菜信息，但要让他们进行主动选择，遇到他们要求退菜情况，应尽量满足他们的要求。 2．粘液质－安静型：这一类型的顾客一般表现为安静、稳定、克制力强、很少发脾气、沉默寡言；他们不够灵活，不善于转移注意力，喜欢清静、熟悉的就餐环境，不易受服务员现场促销的影响，对各类菜肴喜欢细心比较，缓慢决定。 服务对策：领位服务时，应尽量安排他们坐在较为僻静的地方，点菜服务时，尽量向他们提供一些熟悉的菜肴，还要顺其心愿，不要过早表述服务员自己的建议，给他们足够时间进行选择，不要过多催促，不要同他们进行太多交谈或表现出过多的热情，要把握好服务的“度”。 3．胆汁质－兴奋型：这一类型的顾客一般表现为热情、开朗、直率、精力旺盛、容易冲动、性情急躁，具有很强的外倾性；他们点菜迅速，很少过多考虑，容易接受服务员的意见，喜欢品尝新菜；比较粗心，容易遗失所带物品。 服务对策：点菜服务时，尽量推荐新菜，要主动进行现场促销，但不要与他们争执，万一出现矛盾应避其锋芒；在上菜、结账时尽量迅速，就餐后提醒他们不要遗忘所带物品。 4．抑郁制－敏感型：这一类型的顾客一般沉默寡言，不善交际，对新环境、新事物难于适应；缺乏活力，情绪不够稳定；遇事敏感多疑，言行谨小慎微，内心复杂，较少外露。 服务对策：领位时尽量安排僻静处，如果临时需调整座位，一定要讲清原因，以免引起他们的猜测和不满。服务时应注意尊重他们，服务语言要清楚明了，与他们谈话要恰到好处。在他们需要服务时，要热情相待。 [提示] 全聚德烤鸭的成功秘诀之一 ：细分就餐顾客 餐饮行业提供产品的过程和载体区别于其他产品销售的最大特点，是餐厅产品具有很强的时效性。要求产品在短时间内，最大化满足顾客需求并达到利润最大化。需要强调的是，目前的顾客需求的餐厅产品已并不单指产品本身，而是从进入餐厅大门开始到用餐完毕的整个过程：顾客看到的餐厅设施、闻到的气味、品尝到的菜品、体会到的服务，以及对餐厅整体印象的心理感知等等，都属于产品范畴。餐厅产品在这些方面是否能够被顾客接受，是餐厅产品能否成功销售的关键。全聚德前门店是一家百年老店，核心产品是挂炉烤鸭，由于核心产品的知名度极高，导致竞争对手增加，如今，北京销售烤鸭的餐厅数不胜数，并且价格很低，使老店核心产品的竞争力降低。在这种情况下，老店在坚持核心产品“古老”、“正宗”，“原汁原味”的前提下，从改造产品的其他方面入手，提高了自己的核心竞争力。总经理沈放在餐厅面积不变的情况下，在硬件设施改造上承袭传统文化，将老店变成了人们心目中的“正宗全聚德老店”；在服务上，创造出“攻击型服务”，以细分就餐顾客为切入点，以市场为检验标准，创造出许多受顾客欢迎的创新菜。

⑧ 市场营销的英文

您好！外文名称：Marketing
又称为：市场学、市场行销或行销学
简称：营销