『壹』 求一篇關於「電子商務對國際貿易的影響」內容的國外學術期刊的英語學術論文或海外研究機構的研究報告！
Introction
It is a new thing for us into the net to buy something before, and worth to show this is a high-tech development of things for our friend. Now in online shopping as downstairs to buy a coke It brings to our life unprecedented convenient This is a type of electronic commerce. E-commerce from ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, simplified for EC .Electronic commerce is the use of simple and quick, low cost of the electronic communications, the buyer and seller is not met with all kinds of commercial activity . In recent years, as the network technology has improved step by step, electronic commerce was also expanded rapidly. Electronic commerce from the first stage to present with amazing speed development.. Its various services, marketing and their constant updates, Its market is increasingly mature.
.History
China's E-commerce began in 1997. Ordering system of Chinese goods （CGOS）, Chinese commodity trading center （ CCEC）, virtual reality "the" large E-commerce projects were launched in 1997, China drew a series of E-commerce In 1998, China began to the internet electronic commerce development China's E-commerce subject is some IT companies and media, they in various ways of E-commerce "enlightenment ecation", stimulating and guide people in E-commerce understanding, interests and needs. In March 1999, 8848 etc B2C sites official opening, online shopping entered application stage May 2000 Excellence nets established and June China set up e-business. In July 2001 E-commerce method was established Since then ,China's E-commerce law perfected graally Electronic commerce is also have a relatively safe guarantee However, with the development of E-commerce applications and depended, with capital market bubble to burst, site E-commerce began to fall into the worst. The traditional enterprises began to enter the field of electronic commerce. During this period, many enterprises have a good dream to develop E-commerce However, it`s not clear for them how to carry out E-commerce. They think that established the site, which launched E-commerce So in this period .The number of domain name registration, website building is growing rapidly, but development of the whole electronic commerce not mature. Now China's E-commerce in full starting and have already proced results Based on the advantage of network of electronic commerce affairs will further develop out.
Status of development of E-commerce in China
According to a survey, the whole country at present have four thousand commercial web sites, including more than 700 online shop E-commerce project is large launch .almost every day have many different kind of Online stores, online mall, online stores, online auction and so on was born. The development of E-commerce regional also from Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and other cities, began to develop in large and medium cities .The American media also pay more attention to development of China`s E-commerce. February 7, the Wall Street journal said
「If your website is not exports to China, you will lose a chance to browse through the worldwide American companies Accenture launched a Chinese landscape and characters in the background of the whole page ads, advertising headlines is simple and clear "to 2007 Chinese would be the no.1 Internet language," Domestic readers may not realize China`s E-commerce is becoming America and global of topic and focus of attention. America's emerging online magazine「 E-commerce Times」 said that in recent years have more than 2,600 article special report on China's E-commerce thus，World look to further increase the future of China`s E-commerce
The development of E-commerce obstacles and countermeasures
In 2000, E-commerce encounter winter Us-led developed countries, many E-commerce companies get into trouble. With this trend, the main E-commerce sites of China were in trouble. We have to rethink China's electronic commerce meet the problem of development , And how come true the healthy development of E-commerce.
1.The low of technical level
First, backward of technology in hardware, is also the backward infrastructure. Secondly, the logistics distribution system is not perfect and logistics technology behind .Thirdly, is safety problems. In China, the network technology is relatively backward. E-commerce is originally a new things It is difficult to realize that the security for people. How to effectively prevent hackers and viruses, and improving the technology, is an important issue. Finally, existing payment instrument behind the E-commerce development request .
2. the fault of the economic environment
First come to see the consumer level of income and buying habits gap, According to statistics, the Average disposable income is only one twentieth of the united states, but internet fee was higher than the united states, it increased cost of internet shopping, At the same time, residents' income is low, the consumption is relatively small, f Buying behavior is more careful they often use the traditional purchase, ,. especially in the purchase amount is larger objects are more willing to adopt to go to the store bought directly. Thus hindered the development of E-commerce.
3 Legal question
Although the electronic commerce in the process of the development. our economic law has done a lot of changes But overall it's behind the development of E-commerce,
Some countermeasure and advices
In terms of technology, The government and enterprises and institutions should work to increase their input Promoting scientific and technological innovation, improve E-commerce related technical level. Laws, the government should learn new things and new situation. listen carefully the company and consumer`s option. Establishing a perfect and applicable legal system timely. It can standardized electronic commerce activities quickly Economic environment, first to maintaining rapid economic growth,At the same time, we must standardize the market order. Enterprises, Banks, the government triangular cooperation to establish credibility system. As residents income reached higher level and build up strict credit system conditions Online transactions can become a real way of security trading.
In short, and create good environments for electronic commerce development Needs government, indivials, enterprises, and so on various collaboration It solve the problem radically.
Future development tendency
Longitudinal deepening trend
The development of E-commerce is being perfected Support environment is graally tend to specifications. Enterprise development of E-commerce being further enhance.
Specialization trends
From our perspective the enterprise business of specialization can with higher efficiency and better effect for consumers. Specialized business strategy, should be most traditional enterprise at present in the area of E-commerce business model
Personalized trend
The emergence of the Internet ,provides a more favorable platform for the force of personality and develop of creativity.
International trend
Our professional vertical website opened up new situation of electronic business. The international market highly valued E-commerce market in China. The Chinese market is still a battleground of World E-commerce companies
Regional trend
China's regional economic development is not balanced In the future for quite a long time Internet population is still concentrated in large cities and medium cities and coastal developed areas .B2C E-commerce regional characteristics is very apparent.
Conclusion
Our electronic commerce in spite of starting late .But development situation is very good. If want to graally reced gap with the level of developed countries, we should take relevant measures .For instance ,change the traditional commerce ideas and improve people's commerce knowledge. E-commerce is the development trend of future business .We should absorb foreign experience, walk path of development Enhance the competitiveness of our enterprise. Actively participate in international dialogue and discussion. In electronic commerce development to absorb other country's lesson. Thus speeding up our pace of development of E-commerce.
Reference
『貳』 微波專業天線方向的核心期刊有哪些中英文的最好分開。詳細清晰的採納
中文的（天線學報），開源型的期刊，雖然不是核心，但效果也可以，萬方知網都可以查的到
『叄』 新東方英語(中英文版)和(中學生中英文版)有什麼區別
你好，這兩種雜志我都在市場上見到過，其實區別很簡單，《新東方英語（中英文版）》面向大學生或更高水平的讀者，而《新東方英語（中學生中英文版）》面向中學生或者相當於中學生水平的英語自學者。
『肆』 電子商務專業學生要學好英語課嗎
「電子商務專業英語」課的價值很小，但「英語」的價值巨大。對「英語」本身的學習不能含糊，馬虎不得。據說有些院校規定，英語不過四級連學位也拿不到。對電子商務專業學生來說，英語課要當成專業課來學，英語水平應該追求精益求精，理由在於： 首先，英語是國際學術語言，暢銷世界的商務、計算機書籍都是英文版，世界一流的學術期刊是英文，如SCI、SSCI等索引期刊。掌握了英語，就 掌握了直接從世界一流大腦獲取「思想營養」的工具，至少從思想上能緊跟世界學術前沿，不必等「譯本」出現。國際交流，不管商業、文化、體育，說「hello」的時候還是多。 其次，學電子商務，不管走技術和商務的路子，英語好，不虧。想學編程、網路技術的，看不懂專業書刊，怕難學精;打著做生意的，英語好，能直接賺 dollar，何樂而不為?網路的一個優勢就是信息傳播沒邊，將商品信息翻成英文，用戶群可就擴大到全世界了。英語學成「半瓶水」，遇到老外，他說你聽不 懂，你說對方乾瞪眼，這買賣非吹不可。 再次，學英語不單是語言本身，必然涉及另外一種文化的學習。有關另外一種文化的歷史、地理、科技、藝術、人物、制度、信仰、習俗、習慣等不可不 知。學習這些，對開闊一個人的眼界、拓寬思路、培養創新思維益處多多。大家知道，互聯網、電子商務本身就首先興起於一個英語國家——美國。 能派上這么多用場，英語學好了不白學。相關文章：電子商務專業課程設計應注意什麼?怎麼看電子商務專業的實踐教學體系除了專業書籍，還應該讀些什麼應該讀什麼樣的電子商務教科書學電子商務，怎麼看「教科書」十招通關自考電子商務專業如果我已經學了電子商務專業該怎麼辦如何理解電子商務是熱門專業什麼樣的「考試」更能體現學生的水平電子商務專業進企業或考公務員的話是否需要某些專門的證書呢更近的文章：國際介入中國電子商務學了這么長時間，咋還搞不清電子商務是干什麼的？電子商務專業總的學習方法是什麼?喜歡技術，學電子商務可以為自己定位在哪個層次電子商務專業該怎麼學技術類課程？怎麼看「電子商務安全」課?電子商務專業：「技術基礎」課應該學好什麼?什麼是電子商務專業的必修核心課?和「電子商務」支付有關的內容學什麼課學「電子商務法」這門課要注意什麼?更早的文章：怎麼看電子商務英語課電子商務專業學物流課應該注意什麼電子商務專業學網路營銷應該注意什麼電子商務專業學市場營銷應該注意什麼?學西方經濟學應該注意什麼?學「企業管理概論」課應該注意什麼「電子商務概論」課應該學好什麼?涉及電子商務的這四個層次我都要學嗎電子商務到底學什麼?看專業雜志，我為何好多術語都不知道
『伍』 chinadaily 有中英文對照的版本嗎
沒有，建議你最好先讀英語周報，他也是份不錯的報紙，而且是中英對照的，對難點還有解釋。
『陸』 電子商務中英文翻譯
日趨完善的電子商務
一．電子商務方興未艾
當2000年科技泡沫爆發時，備受炒作的網上公司好象隨之蒸發了，眾多的網上貿易也被迫流產。劫後餘生網上公司無一不緊縮商務，好在與日俱增的互聯網用戶在激勵著他們。現在，對網上公司的評價又有所提高了，並且很多.com公司的確也已開始贏利了，但工商界還是謹慎地評價互聯網的潛能。盡管如此，有人已大膽的預言：世界上大量經濟巨頭不久都會以某種方式移師電腦空間。
據商務部不完全統計表明，去年網上零售額增加了26%，達到550億美元。這聽起來的確是一個很大的數目，但這僅相當於全球零售業總額的1.6%。大部分的成年消費者依然習慣於到「磚+混凝土」（bricks-and-mortar）的世界裡消費。
其實商務部公布的數字僅涉及部分產業。例如，該數字雖然包括了網上旅遊服務，這一電子商務界最成功也是增長最快的行業之一。IAC (InterActiveCorp)，expedia.com 和 hotels.com兩個站的擁有者，去年僅它一家就有100億美元的營業額，包括航空業、賓館業、計程車公司在內的競爭對手去年網上營業總額也有大幅攀升，但這些網上營業額攀升的企業在商務部的數字中並未得到體現。
同樣，商務部的數字也沒有包含財經服務、票務代理、網上色情（據<成人視訊（A lt Video News）>（去年美國網上色情業營業額高達20億美元）等行業在內。另外大量與博彩業相關的商業形為(世界范圍內的網上博彩業營業額高達60億美元)也沒有提及。
二、冰山之一角
另外，商務部的數字雖然包括了拍賣網站的利潤，卻沒有包含所拍賣成交貨物的價值在內，據估算，其價值高達數百億美元。去年僅eBay這家最大的拍賣網站出手的貨物價值就高達240億美元。按照商務部的界定，數十億美元的成交貨物總價值是沒有包括其中的，況且很多B2B模式的商貿形為都是不公開的，例如Wal-Mart公司就明確地告誡其供貨商，若想成為其2500億美元的營業額的一部分，必需採用自己的運轉體系。
由以上數字可以看出，電子商務已是很有規模了，並且正在發展壯大。但是網上交易額正受到離線交易的沖擊，而離線交易又是電子商務的一個重要組成部分。
互聯網正深深地改變著消費者的消費行為。目前，有1/5的美國人在到商店購買電子產品前，會先到網上去查詢其最低價，以節省哪怕一毛錢。更讓人吃驚的是，有3/4的美國人在購買新汽車時也會首先想到互聯網，即使最後成交仍可能是用傳統的方式---從經銷商那購買，但他們會到網上去了解有關要購汽車的各種信息，並選定網上推薦的最好的經銷商。有時，他們還會到相關網站上去列印自己感興趣的汽車的圖片等資料作參考。
作為資深調查顧問的Forrester先生提供的圖表顯示，在歐洲6億消費者中，有半數採取在網上查詢商品信息，然後離線購買的方式來消費（見圖1）。當然不同國家又有不同的消費習慣，例如在義大利和西班牙，採取在網上查詢然後離線購買的人數大約是網上直接購買的兩倍。但在德國和英國這兩個最發達的網路國家裡，二者基本相當。Forrester稱，人們從網上購物一般都是從一些簡單的物品開始的，如DVD光碟，然後向較復雜的商品過渡。在美國，二手汽車是一個增長最快的一個領域。
如果網站的顧客導購做的成功的話，人們看來是樂意採取網上購物方式的，現在網站正在變的越來越明智，它們給顧客更多更實在的服務。在不久的將來，網上購物占人們購物總額的比例肯定會有大的提高。
三、網站的作用
網站建設對商業行為來說意義重大。一個不注重網站建設的公司無異於是在商戰中自殺。即便公司並不從事網上交易，網站也會成為人們了解其商標、產品及服務的門戶。在電腦空間，一個無價值的網站往往預示著一個無價值的公司，他只會在人們的滑鼠點擊下被無情舍棄。所以一個成功的公司一定要建成一個優秀的網站，以確保它能出現在每次搜索結果的前列。
對很多用戶而言，一個搜索站點往往是他們進入互聯網的切入點。全球知名的搜索引擎早已進入當代詞典：人們會說他「Googled」了一個公司，一個產品或是一個管道工。這種搜索行為也成為了互聯網上最有成效的廣告途徑之一。並且這也是接近青少年這一顧客群體最好的方式，因為他們花在互聯網上的時間遠遠超過看電視的時間。所有這些都說明，網上搜索成了互聯網的一下個戰場，例如，Google就是依賴其優異的搜索功能來抗衡Yahoo! 和 Microsoft。
另一條忠告就是公司最好在一家已擁有相當訪問量的網站上登載自己的商品及服務。Ebay、Yahoo、Amazon正在某些方面成為眾多公司的展示自己商品的巨大平台，不過一個公司要參與到這個平台中來，則必需經得住激烈的價格戰。網上消費者往往會拿商品網上報價與當地商店裡作一比較，甚至會與別的國家的售價進行比較，即使網上銷售在境外是被禁止的，也會有大量的基於網站銷售方式的業主積極去運作。
芝加哥Kellogg管理學院的科技教授 Mohanbir Sawhney說，我們應清楚現今消費者購物行為的改變。例如，某人想買一部數字照相機，他會先到附近的商店裡去考察實物，選好型號後，他會和售貨員說：「我回去考慮一下再來」，然後他回家就會到網上去查該型號相機的最低售價，然後在網上訂購。所以從這個意義上說，消費者已不再遵從傳統的購物流程。
四、電子商務時代的消費者
不只是互聯網上透明的價格使得消費者成為強勢群體，網路也使得他們成為「薄情」一族，如果他們不喜歡某一網站則會毫不猶豫地離開。「網路是世界上最自私的場所」，Yahoo!執行總裁Daniel Rosensweig 稱，「人們應用互聯網可謂，隨時、隨地、隨人所欲」。
象Yahoo!這樣，致力於尋找並提供客戶需要的各種信息的網站並不在少數（Yahoo!每月據稱有2。6億訪問者）。消費者最關心的就是最詳實的商品名錄及其報價，Amazon執行總裁Jeff Bezos說：「我們經營的基礎是消費者的信任」。Amazon現在已是世界聞名的圖書經銷商，以前它也曾在網上銷售過其它產品，例如保健品、珠寶和精選的食品。Bezos先生認為除倉儲超市裡那些體積大價格低的物品外，他們甚至可以出售一切，這也是數以百萬計的消費者選擇eBay的原因。
即便如此，沒有人會認為傳統意義的商店可以消失，特別是那些「投機」性更強的領域。許多「磚+混凝土」的商店仍有著不凡的業績，例如雜貨市場等，但象音像和旅遊市場則受到了來自互聯網實實在在的沖擊。作為互聯網上最大的旅遊代理商的Expedia旅遊公司，其老闆聲稱未來美國民眾網上預訂旅遊服務的比例，將會從如今的20%上升到50%。Bezos先生估計未來十年網上零售業將會達到零售總額的10-15%，並將深刻地改變人們的消費觀念。
面對來勢洶洶的網上營銷，傳統的商場將如何應對呢？Dell計算機公司的創始人Michael Dell先生，一直領導個人計算機的直銷市場，他認為憑借各層銷售商店去出售計算機的方式只能進陳列館作為古董了，Dell採用的直銷方式已收到了良好的效果。近來，Apple 和Sony的專賣店計劃展示全部可以在網上查到的該品牌商品，也是應對措施之一。從長遠看，網上和離線銷售方式也必將融合，傳統商店也將成為多種銷售手段並存的集合體：列印出的商品名錄、家庭電視直銷、電視訂貨以及電子商務網站具全。但從消費者角度來說，從網上訂貨還是他們最為樂意的消費方式。
網上銷售最大的優勢就在於其低價，這是因為網上商品沒有多層中轉，於是也就沒有多層加價，它們一般都是直接從生產廠家直接到消費者。如果在互聯網上消費者可以買到最低價格的商品並能得到最好的服務，還會有人去其它地方購物嗎？
當然，消費才在網上購物時，可能會面對欺詐行為。但隨著互聯網的發展，它傳遞商品信息速度進一步加快，加上提供同一商品的多家網站必然會考慮自己的長遠發展，而爭相提供准確翔實的商品信息和價格，並提供優質服務，以抓住更多的用戶。所以網上市場肯定會越來越完善。
A perfect market
May 13th 2004
From The Economist print edition
E-commerce is coming of age, says Paul Markillie, but not in the way predicted in the bubble years
WHEN the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded. The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of internet users. Now valuations are rising again and some of the dotcoms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internet』s potential. The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boom—namely, that vast chunks of the world economy would move into cyberspace—are, in one way or another, coming true.
The raw numbers tell only part of the story. According to America』s Department of Commerce, online retail sales in the world』s biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55 billion. That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of total retail sales. The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old 「bricks-and-mortar」 world.
But the commerce department』s figures deal with only part of the retail instry. For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-commerce. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of expedia.com and hotels.com, alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last year—and it has plenty of competition, not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies, all of which increasingly sell online.
Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Alt Video News, a trade magazine), online dating and a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide). They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the online pharmacies that are thought to be responsible for a good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-price prescription drugs from across the border in Canada.
Tip of the iceberg
And there is more. The commerce department』s figures include the fees earned by internet auction sites, but not the value of goods that are sold: an astonishing $24 billion-worth of trade was done last year on eBay, the biggest online auctioneer. Nor, by definition, do they include the billions of dollars-worth of goods bought and sold by businesses connecting to each other over the internet. Some of these B2B services are proprietary; for example, Wal-Mart tells its suppliers that they must use its own system if they want to be part of its annual turnover of $250 billion.
So e-commerce is already very big, and it is going to get much bigger. But the actual value of transactions currently concluded online is dwarfed by the extraordinary influence the internet is exerting over purchases carried out in the offline world. That influence is becoming an integral part of e-commerce.
To start with, the internet is profoundly changing consumer behaviour. One in five customers walking into a Sears department store in America to buy an electrical appliance will have researched their purchase online—and most will know down to a dime what they intend to pay. More surprisingly, three out of four Americans start shopping for new cars online, even though most end up buying them from traditional dealers. The difference is that these customers come to the showroom armed with information about the car and the best available deals. Sometimes they even have computer print-outs identifying the particular vehicle from the dealer』s stock that they want to buy.
Half of the 60m consumers in Europe who have an internet connection bought procts offline after having investigated prices and details online, according to a study by Forrester, a research consultancy (see chart 1). Different countries have different habits. In Italy and Spain, for instance, people are twice as likely to buy offline as online after researching on the internet. But in Britain and Germany, the two most developed internet markets, the numbers are evenly split. Forrester says that people begin to shop online for simple, predictable procts, such as DVDs, and then graate to more complex items. Used-car sales are now one of the biggest online growth areas in America.
People seem to enjoy shopping on the internet, if high customer-satisfaction scores are any guide. Websites are doing ever more and cleverer things to serve and entertain their customers, and seem set to take a much bigger share of people』s overall spending in the future.
Why websites matter
This has enormous implications for business. A company that neglects its website may be committing commercial suicide. A website is increasingly becoming the gateway to a company』s brand, procts and services—even if the firm does not sell online. A useless website suggests a useless company, and a rival is only a mouse-click away. But even the coolest website will be lost in cyberspace if people cannot find it, so companies have to ensure that they appear high up in internet search results.
For many users, a search site is now their point of entry to the internet. The best-known search engine has already entered the lexicon: people say they have 「Googled」 a company, a proct or their plumber. The search business has also developed one of the most effective forms of advertising on the internet. And it is already the best way to reach some consumers: teenagers and young men spend more time online than watching television. All this means that search is turning into the internet』s next big battleground as Google defends itself against challenges from Yahoo! and Microsoft.
The other way to get noticed online is to offer goods and services through one of the big sites that already get a lot of traffic. Ebay, Yahoo! and Amazon are becoming huge trading platforms for other companies. But to take part, a company』s procts have to stand up to intense price competition. People check online prices, compare them with those in their local high street and may well take a peek at what customers in other countries are paying. Even if websites are prevented from shipping their goods abroad, there are plenty of web-based entrepreneurs ready to oblige.
What is going on here is arbitrage between different sales channels, says Mohanbir Sawhney, professor of technology at the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago. For instance, someone might use the internet to research digital cameras, but visit a photographic shop for a hands-on demonstration. 「I』ll think about it,」 they will tell the sales assistant. Back home, they will use a search engine to find the lowest price and buy online. In this way, consumers are 「deconstructing the purchasing process」, says Professor Sawhney. They are unbundling proct information from the transaction itself.
All about me
It is not only price transparency that makes internet consumers so powerful; it is also the way the net makes it easy for them to be fickle. If they do not like a website, they swiftly move on. 「The web is the most selfish environment in the world,」 says Daniel Rosensweig, chief operating officer of Yahoo! 「People want to use the internet whenever they want, how they want and for whatever they want.」
Yahoo! is not alone in defining its strategy as working out what its customers (260m unique users every month) are looking for, and then trying to give it to them. The first thing they want is to become better informed about procts and prices. 「We operate our business on that belief,」 says Jeff Bezos, Amazon』s chief executive. Amazon became famous for books, but long ago branched out into selling lots of other things too; among its latest ventures are health procts, jewellery and gourmet food. Apart from cheap and bulky items such as garden rakes, Mr Bezos thinks he can sell most things. And so do the millions of people who use eBay.
And yet nobody thinks real shops are finished, especially those operating in niche markets. Many bricks-and-mortar bookshops still make a good living, as do flea markets. But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher time. Erik Blachford, the head of IAC』s travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet travel agent, thinks online travel bookings in America could quickly move from 20% of the market to more than half. Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15% of retail sales over the next decade. That would represent a massive shift in spending.
How will traditional shops respond? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads the personal-computer market by selling direct to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into showrooms. There are already signs of change on the high street. The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed to display procts, in the full expectation that many people will buy online. To some extent, the online and offline worlds may merge. Multi-channel selling could involve a combination of traditional shops, a printed catalogue, a home-shopping channel on TV, a phone-in order service and an e-commerce-enabled website. But often it is likely to be the website where customers will be encouraged to place their orders.
One of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the consumer. So, if the lowest prices can be found on the internet and people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else?
One reason may be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the biggest threat to online trade. But as long as the internet continues to deliver price and proct information quickly, cheaply and securely, e-commerce will continue to grow. Increasingly, companies will have to assume that customers will know exactly where to look for the best buy. This market has the potential to become as perfect as it gets.
『柒』 醫學期刊有沒有中英文對照版的
常用臨床醫學英文縮寫中英文對照
AB 實際碳酸氫鹽
ACEI 血管緊張素轉換酶抑制劑
ACT 激活凝血時間
AG 離子間隙
AMI 急性心梗
ANA 抗核抗體
ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫綜合征
ASO 抗鏈球菌溶血素「0」
ATP 三磷酸腺苷
AVNRT 房室結折返性心動過速
AVRT 房室折返性心動過速
BB 緩沖鹼
BEE 基礎能量消耗
BT 出血時間
BuN 尿素氮
C3 補體C3
CBC 血常規
CCU 心血管監護室
CHE 膽鹼酯酶
CK 肌酸磷酸激酶
CPAP 持續正壓通氣
CPR 心肺復甦
CT 凝血時間
CVP 中心靜脈壓
DBP 舒張壓
DCT 雙氫克尿噻
DIC 彌散性血管內凝血
DM 舒張期雜音
EF 射血分數
ENT 耳鼻喉科(五官科)
FDP 纖維蛋白原降解產物
FUO 不明原因發熱
GNS 葡萄糖生理氯化鈉溶液
Hb 血紅蛋白
HCO3- 碳酸氫根
HCT 紅細胞比容
HIV 人類免疫缺陷病毒
Holter 24h動態心電圖
IABP 主動脈內氣囊反搏術
IHSS 特發性肥厚型主動脈瓣下狹窄
INR 國際標准比率
IU 國際單位
KPTT 部分凝血活酶時間
KUB 腹部平片
LDH 乳酸脫氫酶
NS 生理氯化鈉溶液
NTG 硝酸甘油
OB 隱油
P(A-a)O2 肺泡氣-動脈血氧分壓差
P2 肺動脈第二心音
PaCO2 動脈二氧化碳分壓
PAMPA 氨甲苯酸
PaO2 動脈氧分壓
PCAP 肺小動脈壓
PCWP 肺毛細血管壓
PEEP 呼氣末正壓
pH 酸鹼度
PPD 結核菌素純蛋白衍生物
Prn 必要時
PT 凝血酶原時間
qh 每小時1次
qid 每天4次
qn 每晚1次
qod 隔日1次
RF 類風濕因子
RI 胰島素
RR 呼吸頻率
S3 第3心音
S4 第4心音
SaO2 血氧飽和度
SB 標准碳酸氫鹽
SBE 亞急性細菌性心內膜炎
SBP 收縮壓
SGOT 血清穀草轉氨酶
SGPT 血清谷丙轉氨酶
SK 鏈激酶
SM 收縮期雜音
T3 三碘甲狀原氨酸
T4 甲狀腺素
TAT 抗蛇毒血清
TIL 短暫腦缺血發作
tid 每天3次
t-PA 組織型纖溶酶原激活物
TPN 全腸道外營養
TSH 促甲狀腺激素
UK 尿激酶
V/Q 通氣/灌注比
VMA 香草基杏仁酸
『捌』 跪求電子商務英文原文及中文翻譯，急在線等！
本書第一版在2003年出版以來，受到師生的極度好評，被很多學校的電子商務及其他管理類專業選做教材。為了更好地滿足師生的需要，緊跟電子商務實踐的發展，作者對本書進行了修訂。在第2版中，每篇文章仍然按照英文原文、中文譯文、單詞和片語、注釋、練習題這樣的結構來安排，非常適合學生學習使用。對原版中的一些文章進行了替換，並加入了新的閱讀材料，以體現電子商務領域涌現出的新的熱點話題。所選取的文章基本涵蓋了電子商務的主要領域，這些文章難度適中，語言流暢，既具有很強的專業性又具有很好的可讀性，在幫助學生鞏固所學電子商務專業知識的同時，提高其英語水平。
The first edition of this book has been published in 2003, the highly praised by teachers and students, many schools and other e-commerce and management professionals to do the election materials. In order to better meet the needs of teachers and students, closely follow the development of e-commerce practice, the author of the book has been revised. In the second edition, each article is still in accordance with the original English text, the Chinese translation of words and phrases, notes that such a practice to structure arrangements, it is ideal for students learning to use. Some of the original article in a replacement and to add a new reading materials to reflect the area of electronic commerce emerged in the new hot topic. Selected articles covering the main areas of e-commerce, these articles moderate difficulty, language fluency, and both are highly professional and well readability with the help students consolidate the expertise of e-commerce at the same time, raise Their English proficiency.