『壹』 求助 一篇有關電子商務的英文文獻
一篇電子商務英文文獻(The development of e-commerce )-
A perfect market
May 13th 2004
From The Economist print edition
E-commerce is coming of age, says Paul Markillie, but not in the way predicted in the bubble years
WHEN the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded. The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of internet users. Now valuations are rising again and some of the dotcoms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internet』 potential. The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boom—namely, that vast chunks of the world economy would move into cyberspace—are, in one way or another, coming true.
The raw numbers tell only part of the story. According to America』s Department of Commerce, online retail sales in the world』s biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55 billion. That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of total retail sales. The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old 「bricks-and-mortar」 world.
But the commerce department』s figures deal with only part of the retail instry. For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-commerce. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of expedia.com and hotels.com, alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last year—and it has plenty of competition, not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies, all of which increasingly sell online.
Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Alt Video News, a trade magazine), online dating and a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide). They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the online pharmacies that are thought to be responsible for a good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-price prescription drugs from across the border in Canada.
Tip of the iceberg
And there is more. The commerce department』s figures include the fees earned by internet auction sites, but not the value of goods that are sold: an astonishing $24 billion-worth of trade was done last year on eBay, the biggest online auctioneer. Nor, by definition, do they include the billions of dollars-worth of goods bought and sold by businesses connecting to each other over the internet. Some of these B2B services are proprietary; for example, Wal-Mart tells its suppliers that they must use its own system if they want to be part of its annual turnover of $250 billion.
So e-commerce is already very big, and it is going to get much bigger. But the actual value of transactions currently concluded online is dwarfed by the extraordinary influence the internet is exerting over purchases carried out in the offline world. That influence is becoming an integral part of e-commerce.
To start with, the internet is profoundly changing consumer behaviour. One in five customers walking into a Sears department store in America to buy an electrical appliance will have researched their purchase online—and most will know down to a dime what they intend to pay. More surprisingly, three out of four Americans start shopping for new cars online, even though most end up buying them from traditional dealers. The difference is that these customers come to the showroom armed with information about the car and the best available deals. Sometimes they even have computer print-outs identifying the particular vehicle from the dealer』s stock that they want to buy.
Half of the 60m consumers in Europe who have an internet connection bought procts offline after having investigated prices and details online, according to a study by Forrester, a research consultancy (see chart 1). Different countries have different habits. In Italy and Spain, for instance, people are twice as likely to buy offline as online after researching on the internet. But in Britain and Germany, the two most developed internet markets, the numbers are evenly split. Forrester says that people begin to shop online for simple, predictable procts, such as DVDs, and then graate to more complex items. Used-car sales are now one of the biggest online growth areas in America.
People seem to enjoy shopping on the internet, if high customer-satisfaction scores are any guide. Websites are doing ever more and cleverer things to serve and entertain their customers, and seem set to take a much bigger share of people』s overall spending in the future.
Why websites matter
This has enormous implications for business. A company that neglects its website may be committing commercial suicide. A website is increasingly becoming the gateway to a company』s brand, procts and services—even if the firm does not sell online. A useless website suggests a useless company, and a rival is only a mouse-click away. But even the coolest website will be lost in cyberspace if people cannot find it, so companies have to ensure that they appear high up in internet search results.
For many users, a search site is now their point of entry to the internet. The best-known search engine has already entered the lexicon: people say they have 「Googled」 a company, a proct or their plumber. The search business has also developed one of the most effective forms of advertising on the internet. And it is already the best way to reach some consumers: teenagers and young men spend more time online than watching television. All this means that search is turning into the internet』s next big battleground as Google defends itself against challenges from Yahoo! and Microsoft.
The other way to get noticed online is to offer goods and services through one of the big sites that already get a lot of traffic. Ebay, Yahoo! and Amazon are becoming huge trading platforms for other companies. But to take part, a company』s procts have to stand up to intense price competition. People check online prices, compare them with those in their local high street and may well take a peek at what customers in other countries are paying. Even if websites are prevented from shipping their goods abroad, there are plenty of web-based entrepreneurs ready to oblige.
What is going on here is arbitrage between different sales channels, says Mohanbir Sawhney, professor of technology at the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago. For instance, someone might use the internet to research digital cameras, but visit a photographic shop for a hands-on demonstration. 「I』ll think about it,」 they will tell the sales assistant. Back home, they will use a search engine to find the lowest price and buy online. In this way, consumers are 「deconstructing the purchasing process」, says Professor Sawhney. They are unbundling proct information from the transaction itself.
All about me
It is not only price transparency that makes internet consumers so powerful; it is also the way the net makes it easy for them to be fickle. If they do not like a website, they swiftly move on. 「The web is the most selfish environment in the world,」 says Daniel Rosensweig, chief operating officer of Yahoo! 「People want to use the internet whenever they want, how they want and for whatever they want.」
Yahoo! is not alone in defining its strategy as working out what its customers (260m unique users every month) are looking for, and then trying to give it to them. The first thing they want is to become better informed about procts and prices. 「We operate our business on that belief,」 says Jeff Bezos, Amazon』s chief executive. Amazon became famous for books, but long ago branched out into selling lots of other things too; among its latest ventures are health procts, jewellery and gourmet food. Apart from cheap and bulky items such as garden rakes, Mr Bezos thinks he can sell most things. And so do the millions of people who use eBay.
And yet nobody thinks real shops are finished, especially those operating in niche markets. Many bricks-and-mortar bookshops still make a good living, as do flea markets. But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher time. Erik Blachford, the head of IAC』s travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet travel agent, thinks online travel bookings in America could quickly move from 20% of the market to more than half. Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15% of retail sales over the next decade. That would represent a massive shift in spending.
How will traditional shops respond? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads the personal-computer market by selling direct to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into showrooms. There are already signs of change on the high street. The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed to display procts, in the full expectation that many people will buy online. To some extent, the online and offline worlds may merge. Multi-channel selling could involve a combination of traditional shops, a printed catalogue, a home-shopping channel on TV, a phone-in order service and an e-commerce-enabled website. But often it is likely to be the website where customers will be encouraged to place their orders.
One of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the consumer. So, if the lowest prices can be found on the internet and people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else?
One reason may be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the biggest threat to online trade. But as long as the internet continues to deliver price and proct information quickly, cheaply and securely, e-commerce will continue to grow. Increasingly, companies will have to assume that customers will know exactly where to look for the best buy. This market has the potential to become as perfect as it gets.
[1]Singh M P， An Evolutionary Look at E-Commerce， IEEE Internet Computing，2001.5，P77～78
[2]Rabinovitch E, The state of E-commerce, IEEE Communications magazine,2001.3,P12～12
[3]Amit R, Zott C. Value creation in e-business. Strategic Management Journal 2001;22:493–520
『貳』 求一電子商務的外文文獻
題目1：Electronic Commerce in Developing Countries 鏈接1： http://www.petersoninstitute.org/publications/wp/00-3.pdf 題目2：Privacy in Electronic Commerce and the Economics of Immediate Gratification 鏈接2： http://www.heinz.cmu.e/~acquisti/papers/privacy-gratification.pdf 題目3：THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 鏈接3：URL http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/3/12/1944883.pdf 題目4：Transatlantic Issues in Electronic Commerce 鏈接4： http://www.iie.com/publications/wp/00-7.pdf 找了很久，以下這個模板不錯 http://www.wimb.cn/mb/1/show-2038.html http://v.buhen.com 《現代企業信息化經典教材2008版之——供應鏈的電子商務平台》《百家講壇—玄奘西遊記》《2008最新商務機關創建節能型機關方案與強制采購節能產品制度及清單制定規范實務全書》
『叄』 求一篇關於【特色農產品電子商務發展】的3000詞彙以上的外文文獻，要有文獻出處，要有作者。
特色農產品電子商務發展
^_^親，說實話，能完全滿足你的需求的文章，估計很難版找，除非你運氣好權，碰到一個剛好有的人，並且他願意給你（一般自己寫的東西都不太願意給別人的）。
我建議：你自己在知網/萬方/維普/龍源期刊/豆丁/網路文庫/道客巴巴上搜索，搜你想要的資料，比如搜主題「」
搜到之後，自己整理一下就差不多了。
如果搜到的資料你下載不了的話，我可以幫你！見我的名字！
『肆』 有關農產品電子商務的英文文獻急需
你好，抄請認准正確答案下載附件，農產品電子商務的英文外文文獻已上傳，尋找不易，望及時採納答案哦！
作者：Leroux N, Wortman M S, Mathias E D.
文題：Dominant factors impacting the development of business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce in agriculture
期刊：The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 2001, 4(2): 205-218.
『伍』 求兩篇關於電子商務英文參考文獻
http://59.42.244.59/Readers/Index.aspx
http://www.nstl.gov.cn/index.html
『陸』 高分急求！！！！！！！！誰能幫我找2篇有關農產品品牌建設 或者農產品品牌的 或者區域品牌的 外文文獻
農產品品牌相關英文文獻，點擊下載
Farmer-owned brands?
DJ Hayes, SH Lence.,Agribusiness, 2004
http://www.agmrc.org/media/cms/CARD02BP39_5AFB75A83D43C.pdf
Country of Origin as a Brand: The case of New Zealand lamb
RL Clemens, BA Babcock - 2004
http://card.iastate.e/publications/DBS/PDFFiles/04mbp9.pdf
『柒』 求一篇關於電子商務方面的外文文獻要求是外國人寫的，有作者，出處和中文翻譯。答謝100財富
自己查資料庫吧，我網路空間里有一些查資料庫的免費帳號，可以自己去下載文獻。
『捌』 目前中國搞農產品網路營銷研究的權威人物有哪些，國外的研究現狀是怎樣的
農業電子商務充滿商機，農產品網路營銷待發展。
十年前，對大多數市民來說，網購還只是個新名詞，在商家眼裡，網上交易猶如海市蜃樓可望而不可及。有多少人能想到，2004年名不見經傳的淘寶網，僅僅用了4年，銷售額就突破400億元人民幣，且持續5年以高於100%速度增長，近十倍於同期全國社會消費品零售總額增幅。同期大型連鎖零售企業40%的年增幅與淘寶網相比，只相當於尾數。淘寶網銷售額2005年超越了沃爾瑪，2006年超越了家樂福，2007年甚至超越了沃爾瑪與家樂福之和，2009年的年交易額超過2000億元，2010年有望超3000億元。對於絕大多數消費者和網商來說，它簡直就是個奇跡，是個神話。
互聯網的日益普及、網民的更加成熟拓展了電子商務的發展空間。從1996年我國正式開通intnet那天起，網路電子商務就開始萌芽發展，經過2000年到2003年的冰凍調整期、2004到2006年的復甦回暖期，2007年起進入了高速發展期。即使在國際金融危機時期，電子商務仍然顯示了巨大的發展優勢和市場潛力。據CNNIC(中國互聯網信息中心)統計數據，2010年10月底，中國網民規模達到4.46億，互聯網普及率攀升至33%;預計2010年電子商務交易總額將達到4.2萬億元，其中B2B交易額3.8萬億元，網購交易額4300億元(網購交易額2007、2008、2009年連續3年以超過100%的速度增長)。網上支付、網路購物和網上銀行半年用戶增長率均在30%左右，預計這幾年，人數還將上升。
[探索]
農業電子商務充滿生機
農業電子商務的發展速度與一些優勢行業比較相對滯後，究其原因主要有以下三個方面：一是當前農業生產集約化程度不高，農業電子商務參與主體相對規模較小，導致經營成本過高;二是部分鮮活農產品物流運輸要求比較高，操作的難度較大;三是農產品利潤比較低，對風險投資和商業資本的吸引力不強。但發展農業電子商務，作為提高農業信息化水平的一項重要內容，越來越受到政府部門的重視。今年下半年，工信部、農業部等五部季聯合發布了《農業農村信息化行動計劃(2010-2012)》，文件除了提出加快農村信息基礎設施建設外，還專門制定了農業電子商務拓展計劃，國家對農業信息化的扶持力度可謂前所未有。除此之外，農業標准化的逐步完善、農產品冷物流體系的發展、網上銀行和電子支付的日益普及，也為農業電子商務的發展提供了有力的保障，發展農業電子商務外部環境日益成熟，農業電子商務的春天為時不遠。
與其他行業一樣，經過長期探索與實踐，農業電子商務領域也涌現了一批成功的案例。在B2B領域，有農業部建設的《中國農業信息網商務版》，商務部建設的《新農村商網》。《「菜籃子」信息網》已聯網310多家產銷地批發市場，每天採集肉、蛋、魚、果、蔬菜等348個品種的批發價格，為社會公眾服務。這些網站集成農產品信息發布、咨詢互動、購銷對接等板塊，同時發布TV版本與數字電視整合，農民坐在家裡就可以查詢農產品供求信息，足不出戶銷售自己生產的農產品。一些地區也藉助淘寶網C2C平台打響了當地農特產品牌，如現在家喻戶曉的河南新鄭好想你紅棗、鐵觀音茶等。
隨著三網融合進程不斷推進，農村信息化服務網路不斷完善，農業信息化「最後一公里」瓶頸難題有望徹底得到破解，農村信息服務網路將直接延伸到鄉鎮農服中心、中介組織、龍頭企業、批發市場、鄉村以及經紀人、種養大戶。暢通的全方位立體化信息高速公路將為農業電子商務普及掃清最後的障礙。
[實踐]
大力發展宜興農產品網路營銷
我市位於江蘇省南部，農業發達，特產豐富。全市現有農產品加工企業400多家，規模農業基地800多家，種養專業戶1000多家。為促進我市農業電子商務快速發展，讓優質農產品走上網路銷售這條快車道。市農林局將市內優質農產品生產企業集中起來抱團發展，專門建設了農特產網路商城——天綠農特產網，以此作為展示本市優質農產品的窗口，集中優勢資源，加快優化推廣天綠網，整體提升了我市農特產在全國市場上的競爭力。
政府牽頭、農企參與，形成網路營銷格局。2010年5月份，市農林局按照農業部「政府主導、社會參與、市場運作、農民受益」的原則，牽頭部分農業龍頭企業，召開了「宜興市天綠優質農產品營銷網」建設工作會議，分析研究了農產品電子商務的發展現狀。經過詳盡的調查與研究，決定組建「宜興天綠優質農產品營銷公司」。期間委託專業公司開發B2C商城「天綠商城」(天綠農特產網)，在淘寶C2C平台開設了天綠淘寶旗艦店。在市區開設了實體專營店。實體店的設立，既作為網路銷售倉儲，又是對網路銷售的一種補充，更是網路銷售公司強有力的保障。
「天綠商城」以實體店+網上商城相結合，營銷採用直銷+分銷模式，通過一系列商業化運作，最終在全國打響了宜興「天綠」優質農特產品。
大力宣傳、積極促銷，圍繞市場逐步推開。「天綠農特產網」在2010年7月份正式運行以來，受到了各級領導的重視與支持。《無錫日報》、《宜興日報》等多家媒體進行了一系列深度報道。
在迎中秋佳節時，天綠網及淘寶店打出「迎中秋、慶國慶，天綠商城秒殺優惠大促銷」的口號，推出各類有針對性的禮包組合，並用一些產品進行低價促銷及提供一些休閑小食品等一系列手段，藉助中秋節這個有利時機，在網路銷售上打開了一片市場。短短幾個月，實體店月成交5萬元，網上交易月超1萬元。
立足本地、面向全國，做強做大天綠品牌。網商要做大，最關鍵是要樹立自己的品牌。天綠網要做強，就要充分利用網路營銷技術，重點進行品牌推介。一是在產品經營層面上，以品牌經營為重點，聯合我市規模農企，整合小規模基地，打造一個輕資產結構、重營銷網路的核心企業集團。二是以資本運營為手段，吸收社會資本和風險投資的加盟，壯大天綠公司實力，架設農產品生產全程產業鏈。三是根據市場需求，鼓勵企業開發市場消費量大的產品，引領企業生產技術含量高、附加值高的農產品。四是專業策劃天綠網路推介活動：在谷歌、網路等搜索引擎和知名門戶網站做關鍵詞、廣告展位和鏈接交換等推廣，合理分析關鍵詞價位、適時投放廣告，邊投放邊測試，以求取得資金最高回報率。五是靈活採用多種網路營銷模式。天綠網採用直銷+分銷模式運行。網站在設計時已整合了強大的分銷功能，即實施會員制和代理制兩種模式。六是實施對天綠網升級工程，整合成B2B2C綜合網站。運用天綠網整合的B2B板塊進行網銷，同時免費給農業企業、種養大戶、農業專業戶等提供農產品供需信息發布服務，使天綠真正成為雙向互動多功能的農業電子商務網站。