zara营销策划方案

❶ ZARA是如何一步步发展起来的

Zara创于1975年，是西班牙Inditex集团旗下的品牌，有超过两千多家的服装连锁店，设计优异、价格较为低廉，深受全球时尚青年的喜爱。Inditex是全球排名第一的服装零售集团，旗下有8个品牌，Zara是其中最有名的，其销售额占总销售额的70%，它开创了快时尚的模式，是服装行业的标杆。

Zara成功的原因是以顾客为导向、高效的管理、迅速灵活的生产、独特的营销价格策略，这让它成为了服装行业的一个神话。

❷ zara公司的具体营销渠道是什么

自营专卖店。也不算西班牙直接开的，应该是zara在中国成立的直属公司，再由那些公司直接开店，没有放开加盟，也没有代理商。

❸ 研究案例，分析研究zara能够战胜竞争对手主要依靠的是什么战略

一个比较例子、Zara和H&M的营销策略对比[摘 要]西班牙的ZARA和瑞典的H&M，目前为国际上两大成功的服装零专售品牌，两家属公司的成功得益于其独特营销策略的运用。本文旨在总结归纳两家公司营销策略上的异同点。为中国零售企业提取一些可借鉴的经验。

❹ ZARA 国际营销案例 15分全送了！

zara的产地遍布全球

❺ zara的成功是如何阐述战略管理的

1. 第一方面是准确的品类管理，快时尚的主要目标是采用一种非常具有成本效益的方式快速地开发并生产满足客户需求的产品。作为品牌商，需要分析并发现自己最擅长、最易于满足客户需求、利润最好的品类。为了实现这一目标，需要协调市场营销部门、开发部门和外部的合作伙伴及时地掌握和分析销售数据。因此，必须有一个灵活高效的信息化系统来支撑，让全体参与方基于一个统一的高效沟通和协作平台，准确快速地开发和管理利润率贡献高的品类。

2. 第二方面是快速反应的供应链，快时尚的重点在于“快”，同时也必须做到“快”而不乱。存在两类供应链：敏捷供应链(Agile)和精益供应链(Lean)；敏捷供应链的原则是和供应链上的全部合作伙伴实时共享信息和技术，通过紧密协作减少库存；精益供应链的核心特征是在正确的时间交付正确的产品。快时尚的供应链需要把两者有机结合在一起，形成“精敏”供应链(Leagile)。于是，必须改善和简化从产品概念、设计、开发、打样到生产、物流配送的整个流程。经过流程的改善和简化以后，快速反应的供应链就实现了价值的增加和成本的减少，同时对客户的需求变化得到及时地反馈。要实现“精敏”供应链，必须采用当前先进的软件技术以支撑整个业务流程的顺利运行，从而保证流程和数据的准确、实时地执行，不遗漏、不延迟任何一个流程和数据的细节。

3. 第三方面是供应商关系管理，快时尚品牌需要和供应商建立良好并且广泛的合作伙伴关系。供应商需要和品牌商一起紧跟市场需求和时尚潮流，并且需要在产品设计和开发阶段参与进来。为了保证沟通顺畅和紧密协作，最好有一个统一的沟通和协作平台，然后合作各方基于平台高效运行每一个业务流程和准确记录每一个数据细节。
   第四个方面是内部关系，和保持良好的外部供应商关系一样重要的是必须要有协调一致的内部关系。很多组织架构是根据不同的职能部门进行划分，如市场营销、设计、采购、生产、质检等，并且各职能部门之间的沟通协作和信息共享总是不尽如人意。要高效执行快时尚商业战略，必须要有紧密的关系和快速的市场反应能力。这就要求必须有一个统一的信息化系统来确保沟通的及时和协作的紧密无间。
   

❻ zara的市场营销策略的英文文献

这些都是国外网站上的，没有中文翻译的，看不懂的话试试翻译器，查查字典什么的，我要是给你翻译怕误导你。

Zara: Cool Clothes Now, Not Later

Ask any urban European female under the age of 30 and chances are she has shopped at Zara, the clothier whose inexpensive but stylish offerings have attracted a cult following. Zara also sells men’s fashions, again aimed at the stylish and youthful.

Mathieu Soto, a college tennis player from France with dark eyes and devastating good looks, was asked to compare Zara to The Gap, the U.S. - based clothing giant with a major presence in Europe. His response: “I don’t know. I’ve never shopped at The Gap.”

Most U.S. young alts have never shopped at Zara, but that seems likely to change in the near future. In the past five years Zara has grown from 179 stores mostly in Spain to 450 stores in 29 countries including the United States and Canada. Zara now has stores in New York, New Jersey, Miami, and Toronto—with more on the way.

While Zara is unlikely to displace The Gap in the U.S. market, they are certain to offer U.S. consumers an option previously unavailable to them. They have a sound if unusual marketing strategy in which logistics plays an important role. Logistics also plays an important role in Zara’s growth plans, notably its expansion into the U.S. market.

Zara’s Marketing Strategy

Zara’s marketing strategy focuses on proct variety, speed-to-market, and store location. It is also notable for what it excludes. Zara does not advertise in the traditional sense. If you want to find out what’s currently available at the Zara stores you have two options: go to the web site or go to the store. Zara puts 10,000 different items on the store shelves in a single year. It can take a new style from concept to store shelf in 10-14 days in an instry where nine months is the norm. In its primary European markets, Zara locates its stores close together. Visitors comment that Zara in Madrid is like Starbucks in a major U.S. city—you see another store on every street corner.

Zara’s Toronto store is located just north of the center of downtown in a major shopping district dense with malls and lined with stand-alone stores and giant office buildings. The potential for intense competition is clear.

“These office buildings are full of the people we want as customers. We want them to stop in at lunch or after work. We want to see them often, so we have to change what we have on the shelves,” said Zara’s Toronto store manager. “They could shop in a lot of other stores, so we have to make it worth their time to come here.”

This also helps explain why the company does not advertise. If a Zara customer wants to know what Zara has, he or she must go to the store. The stock changes often, with most items staying on the shelf for only a month, so the customer often finds something new and appealing. By the same token, if the customer finds nothing to buy this visit, the store’s regular customers know that tomorrow or next week—sometime soon—new goods will be on Zara’s shelves. That makes it worth another visit.

Zara relies heavily on store employees for market information. If a customer looks at a sweater and comments, “That would look really nice with a cowl collar,” an employee can relay that information to Spain where managers decide whether or not to proce the suggested item. If they decide to make it, they can put it on the shelf in Toronto in two weeks or less, partly because they ship by air. Ocean shipping would add at least another ten days to the time it takes to get the proct in front of the customer, undermining the speed-to-market and proct variety strategy.

The Role of Logistics
Putting the variety of goods on the shelves in Toronto and other North American stores requires an unusual, though not unique, logistics strategy for the fashion instry. Zara air expresses goods from its single distribution center in Spain, usually in small quantities. In the 1970’s, The Limited used a similar strategy to support its test marketing, air expressing small quantities of new styles from Asia to U.S. stores. In Zara’s strategy, however, the speedy shipments are part of the core strategy, not just test marketing. Zara also ships frequently, allowing lower inventories while serving its multinational market from a single distribution center in Spain.

“We receive shipments o n Tuesday and Saturday, which means that we have different items in the store at least twice a week. While each shipment replenishes items that sell well, each also includes new items. That’s why our customers come in often,” the Toronto store manager said. “We might get ten of one item and five of another. We’re constantly testing.”

The density of Zara’s store locations in Europe helps achieve logistics efficiencies. They can fill trucks for frequent shipment in markets close to proction and ship larger quantities by air to more distant stores. Zara keeps transportation costs low on the supply side, since most of the proction takes place in Spain. This contrasts radically to most large fashion manufacturers, which rely on low cost manufacturing in Asia and South America, but then pay higher inventory costs and move goods to market more slowly.

The air express strategy also allows Zara to maintain a multinational market presence with only one distribution center. They trade higher transportation costs for lower warehousing and inventory costs. Add to this the idea that fast transportation
supports the proct-innovation strategy that is the heart of Zara’s marketing, and the importance of logistics in Zara’s marketing strategy is clear.

The Results and the Future

Zara’s parent company, Inditex, reached $2.7 billion in 2001 revenue. This made it the fastest growing clothing manufacturer in the world. Zara, Inditex’s fastest growing division, turns its inventory twice as fast as major competitors, with an inventory-to-sales of 7% compared to an instry average of 14%. Their profitability in European operations (15%) is fifty percent higher than that of its major competitors. Zara manufactures 80% of its clothing in Europe, with most of the remaining 20% is sourced in Mexico.

While top managers are understandably closed-mouthed about their plans, Zara seems ideally positioned to penetrate the U.S. market in a major way. With some manufacturing already in Mexico, they could easily open a second distribution center aimed directly at the U.S. market. This would make their youth-oriented styles widely available in the world’s most lucrative market.

Question 1 – Zara’s Business Model and Competitive Analysis

Zara, the most profitable brand of Inditex SA, the Spanish clothing retail group, opened its first store in 1975 in La Coruña, Spain; a city which eventually became the central headquarters for Zara’s global operations. Since then they have expanded operations into 45 countries with 531 stores located in the most important shopping districts of more than 400 cities in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Throughout this expansion Zara has remained focused on its core fashion philosophy that creativity and quality design together with a rapid response to market demands will yield profitable results. In order to realized these results Zara developed a business model that incorporated the following three goals for operations: develop a system the requires short lead times, decrease quantities proced to decrease inventory risk, and increase the number of available styles and/or choice. These goals helped to formulate a unique value proposition: to combine moderate prices with the ability to offer new clothing styles faster than its competitors. These three goals helped to shape Zara’s current business model.

Zara’s Business Model
Zara’s business model can be broken down into three basic components: concept, capabilities, and value drivers. Zara’s fundamental concept is to maintain design, proction, and distribution processes that will enable Zara to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demands. José María Castellano, CEO of Inditex stated that "the fashion world is in constant flux and is driven not by supply but by customer demand. We need to give consumers what they want, and if I go to South America or Asia to make clothes, I simply can't move fast enough." This highlights the importance of this quick response time to Zara’s operations.

Capabilities of Zara, or the required resources needed to exploit the opportunities and execute this conceptual strategy, are numerous for Zara. Zara maintains tight control over their proction processes keeping design and manufacturing in-house or with some strategic partnerships located nearby Headquarters. Currently, Zara maintains 80% of its proction processes in Europe, 50% in Spain which is very close to La Coruña headquarters. They have strategic agreements with local manufacturers that ensure timely delivery and service. Through these strategic partnerships and the benefits brought by this proximity of manufacturing and operational processes, Zara maintains the flexibility necessary to design and proce over 12000 new items annually. This capability allows Zara to achieve their strategy of expedited response to consumer demand.

Value drivers for Zara are both tangible and intangible in the benefits that are returned to all stakeholders. Tangibly, Inditex, the parent company of Zara, has 11.02% net margin on operations and their market capitalization (Equity – market value) is

❼ Inditex集团的发展战略

制胜法宝：速度就是胜利
奥特加的成功，缘于他让Inditex集团建立了一套能对消费者的口味和需要及时做出反馈的系统。
ZARA占Inditex集团七成以上的销售额。作为集团的旗舰店，其经营策略与意大利的贝纳通、美国的GAP和瑞典的H&M等大型服装零售商迥然不同。它不局限于每季的流行趋势，而是时刻不停地留意最新的时尚款式，并尽快提供能满足顾客需要的产品。通常，当时尚杂志还在预告当季的流行趋势时，ZARA的橱窗已经在展示这些产品了。
Inditex集团的时尚理念是：创造性、高质量的设计和对市场需求的快速反应。Inditex在全球各地的职员每天都会报告不同市场的流行信息，在西班牙的设计师则随时关注相关资料和集团每天的销售情况，以便调整现有设计，并策划新的服装系列。仅在ZARA公司，奥特加就拥有400多人的设计团队，他们根据从米兰、巴黎的时装展上获取的灵感，进行大量创作，使公司的时装生产做到量少款多。ZARA每年推出的时装款式高达12 000余种，这在业内是一个相当惊人的数字。
据说，ZARA的一件衬衣，从拉科鲁尼亚的设计室开始设计，到摆进纽约或东京的专卖店，只需要两个星期的时间，比其他竞争对手快十倍以上。而ZARA会利用这一小段领先的时间进行市场调查，从各种不同的服装款式中找出最热卖的几种。通过这种方式，公司能迅速把滞销时装的生产停下来。
奥特加的这种做法非常有效，特别是在销售淡季，可以防止竞争对手通过大量进货和低价倾销攫走市场利润。在服装零售上，奥特加深谙消费者心理。许多ZARA店根本没有仓库，完美的物流配送系统保证全球1000多家ZARA店几乎可以做到同步上货。它一般每星期上两次新货，货量很少，但总会带给顾客新鲜感，这让喜欢ZARA的人乐于定期光顾。同时在ZARA，热销的产品最多只补两次货就不再重复。一方面，它减少人们撞衫的机会；另一方面，如果看到喜欢的服饰不买，很快就会没货，消费者就会产生“悔不当初”的感觉，下次购物时就会比较果断。
独特模式：坚持“欧洲制造”
ZARA时装从设计、制造到零售，所需时间只有半个月，这样做的目的之一是降低成本。与此同时，Inditex集团的生产基地大多放在西班牙及葡萄牙，这样可以确保产品的质量。奥特加这一新的经营模式成为西方许多工商管理学院的教材。
目前，很多时装商都把服饰的生产工序放到劳动力便宜的第三世界国家进行，以最大限度地节约成本。但Inditex的旗舰店ZARA，以及Pull&Bear、MassimoDutti、Bershka及Stradixarius等品牌服装店，有八成服装仍是在欧洲制造的，当中五成来自西班牙。Inditex购置了先进的机器在西班牙设厂，进行染色和剪裁等资本密集的自动化工序，而缝合工序则在邻近地区的小型工厂完成。
奥特加坚持让集团的绝大部分生产和采购都在西班牙国内或欧洲进行。他当然知道亚洲的纺织品原料价格比欧洲便宜，劳动力成本也比欧洲便宜得多，但他认为，他们的时装利润并不低，将采购和生产放在欧洲，虽然增加了成本，但这并不是多么严重的问题。坚持“欧洲制造”可以保证速度和质量，使公司在最短时间内推出新款“欧洲”时装。
奥特加用他的“时尚速度”模式推翻了想当然的“无情的全球化压力”。“二战”之后，制造商们开始在南美洲和亚洲无序地寻找劳动力廉价的地区开设加工厂，引发了现在被“反全球化主义者”称为“低价竞争”的风潮。从玩具到服装的每一种产品的制造商都必须在诸如柬埔寨或斯里兰卡等地找到最廉价的劳动力，不然他们将在竞争对手的低价倾销面前一败涂地。但是奥特加在低价竞争的风潮里一路走了过来，他向世人证明了市场机动力和必要的少量缺货比廉价劳动力更为重要。想当然的认识，只会使得原有的产业市场渐渐萎缩。
重要贡献：引领西班牙时装革命
多年来，ZARA以其流行的设计、较佳的质量和中档价位为许多国家的都市白领女性所追捧。它几乎不打广告，单靠口碑与速度在国际时尚界打出一片天。奥特加时尚意识强，重视时装的设计与品质，他的Inditex集团旗下各个品牌在市场都有独特的定位与卖点。他强调时装是“互动的”，他手下强大的设计师队伍保证了ZARA等品牌紧跟世界流行时尚，甚至引领时尚潮流。
有人说，参观Inditex的工厂和物流中心，就能感受到什么是真正的“时装工业”。这个庞大的时装集团，现在由100多家设计、制造和销售公司组成，在60多个国家和地区有近3 000家分店。在全球400多个大城市的主要商业区，人们都能看到Inditex旗下的品牌连锁店。基于创新与灵活性的独特管理模式，已经使Inditex成为世界最大时装企业之一。
在西班牙人眼里，奥特加是西班牙时装界革命的真正开创者，是推动西班牙时尚进程的主要人物之一。在他的努力下，设计大师的服装对普通百姓来说不再是遥不可及，而服装设计和生产亦成为西班牙一个强大而充满活力的行业，为50万人提供了就业机会。特别是最近几年，西班牙时装业经历了影响深远的国际化进程，以奥特加的Inditex集团为代表的一些企业成功开拓了海外市场，并使西班牙终于跻身国际时装顶级国家的行列。