『壹』 ZARA為什麼會取得巨大成功，它的營銷模式是什麼
ZARA的成功有抄幾個因素：成本控制非常好襲，基本上全球采購。它沒有巨額的廣告費，而是通過鬧市區開店鋪加店外櫥窗展示來達到廣告效應。還有一點書上都沒提，就是他的款全是抄歐美大牌的款式。
你去書店，有賣zara的成功模式這本書的。
『貳』 誰有關於H&M,ZARA,GAP等快時尚服裝的產品策略或營銷策略 等相關的英文文獻急急
自己去網路文庫看
『叄』 大家如何看待hm和zara的銷售方式
應該是這樣的:很多人買衣服,都不敢試太多,不買又不合適,在hm和zara你基本上沒有這樣的感覺.可以隨便試.
『肆』 優衣庫,zara,hm的商業模式有何不同.
所謂商業模式是一個系統性的概念，分為廣義的以及狹義的概念。
從廣義上來講，這三家連鎖衣裝零售企業的商業模式都是快時尚的典型代表，所謂的快時尚是通過時尚買手以及精細化管理的產業鏈，以小批多次的高頻次產品生產極大的縮短零售門店商品更新的間隔，最大化的實現應季商品的價值，提高零售門店的坪效。另一方面積極的搜取客戶的需求信息，通過全面的數據信息系統為下一期的設計目標提供數據支持，從而形成從顧客中來，到顧客中去的典型的良性循環。
但是三者的系統稍微有一些不同：
1.優勢產品
ZARA和HM比較像，款多量少，款式更新速度極快，著重把握時尚潮流。可能某段時間有那麼幾款賣得特別好，不過很難挑出什麼標志性產品。
優衣庫主打基本款，夏天款式繁多的UT、秋冬的搖粒絨、輕型羽絨、HEATTECH保暖內衣是它的拳頭產品
2.風格
ZARA：時尚（成熟、白領）
HM：時尚（年輕、活力）
優衣庫：日式休閑
後兩個你去他們官網看下就知道。而優衣庫剛好相反，他的非基本款讓歐美模特穿也挺奇怪。
3.價格
這個和他們各自的風格、市場定位有關系。給我總的印象：ZARA>GAP>HM=優衣庫
其中優衣庫的價格這兩年有個波動，2011、2012年基本全線漲價，這兩年年又降回來了
4.質量
總體印象：優衣庫>ZARA>HM，不時有後三個品牌質量不過關、面料有毒的新聞出現。而優衣庫最近出現過一次嬰兒睡衣易燃在美國被召回，貌似不是因為面料，而是因為剪裁 = =#
當然這個是同價位商品的比較，如果不同價位的話，GAP 249的牛津紡襯衫確實比優衣庫149的要好。HM就不說了，渣一樣的質量...
5.發展趨勢
這幾個快銷品牌，第一是ZARA，第二是HM，優衣庫在第五。不過優衣庫的發展非常迅猛，它在中國的開店數目也是這幾個品牌裡面最多的。優衣庫今年開始向時尚度和設計感發力，春夏新款色彩異常豐富，女裝的DIP系列賣得還挺好。另外在新材料的研發和使用上，優衣庫也是做得最為用心。ZARA和HM沒看出什麼變化，最讓人看不懂的是GAP，在美國走的基本是平價的路子，來到中國後價格一點都沒有親民的意思，說時尚吧，也不是，質量最好吧，也輪不上它。經營狀況每況愈下，近來還有要被優衣庫收購的傳言。
6.總結
扯得有點多，回到題主說的各自優勢。我個人比較主觀的總結，ZARA：快、時尚度（非常努力地抄大牌）；HM：快、便宜；優衣庫：性價比、基本款的豐富性。
『伍』 zara的市場營銷策略的英文文獻
這些都是國外網站上的，沒有中文翻譯的，看不懂的話試試翻譯器，查查字典什麼的，我要是給你翻譯怕誤導你。
Zara: Cool Clothes Now, Not Later
Ask any urban European female under the age of 30 and chances are she has shopped at Zara, the clothier whose inexpensive but stylish offerings have attracted a cult following. Zara also sells men』s fashions, again aimed at the stylish and youthful.
Mathieu Soto, a college tennis player from France with dark eyes and devastating good looks, was asked to compare Zara to The Gap, the U.S. - based clothing giant with a major presence in Europe. His response: 「I don』t know. I』ve never shopped at The Gap.」
Most U.S. young alts have never shopped at Zara, but that seems likely to change in the near future. In the past five years Zara has grown from 179 stores mostly in Spain to 450 stores in 29 countries including the United States and Canada. Zara now has stores in New York, New Jersey, Miami, and Toronto—with more on the way.
While Zara is unlikely to displace The Gap in the U.S. market, they are certain to offer U.S. consumers an option previously unavailable to them. They have a sound if unusual marketing strategy in which logistics plays an important role. Logistics also plays an important role in Zara』s growth plans, notably its expansion into the U.S. market.
Zara』s Marketing Strategy
Zara』s marketing strategy focuses on proct variety, speed-to-market, and store location. It is also notable for what it excludes. Zara does not advertise in the traditional sense. If you want to find out what』s currently available at the Zara stores you have two options: go to the web site or go to the store. Zara puts 10,000 different items on the store shelves in a single year. It can take a new style from concept to store shelf in 10-14 days in an instry where nine months is the norm. In its primary European markets, Zara locates its stores close together. Visitors comment that Zara in Madrid is like Starbucks in a major U.S. city—you see another store on every street corner.
Zara』s Toronto store is located just north of the center of downtown in a major shopping district dense with malls and lined with stand-alone stores and giant office buildings. The potential for intense competition is clear.
「These office buildings are full of the people we want as customers. We want them to stop in at lunch or after work. We want to see them often, so we have to change what we have on the shelves,」 said Zara』s Toronto store manager. 「They could shop in a lot of other stores, so we have to make it worth their time to come here.」
This also helps explain why the company does not advertise. If a Zara customer wants to know what Zara has, he or she must go to the store. The stock changes often, with most items staying on the shelf for only a month, so the customer often finds something new and appealing. By the same token, if the customer finds nothing to buy this visit, the store』s regular customers know that tomorrow or next week—sometime soon—new goods will be on Zara』s shelves. That makes it worth another visit.
Zara relies heavily on store employees for market information. If a customer looks at a sweater and comments, 「That would look really nice with a cowl collar,」 an employee can relay that information to Spain where managers decide whether or not to proce the suggested item. If they decide to make it, they can put it on the shelf in Toronto in two weeks or less, partly because they ship by air. Ocean shipping would add at least another ten days to the time it takes to get the proct in front of the customer, undermining the speed-to-market and proct variety strategy.
The Role of Logistics
Putting the variety of goods on the shelves in Toronto and other North American stores requires an unusual, though not unique, logistics strategy for the fashion instry. Zara air expresses goods from its single distribution center in Spain, usually in small quantities. In the 1970』s, The Limited used a similar strategy to support its test marketing, air expressing small quantities of new styles from Asia to U.S. stores. In Zara』s strategy, however, the speedy shipments are part of the core strategy, not just test marketing. Zara also ships frequently, allowing lower inventories while serving its multinational market from a single distribution center in Spain.
「We receive shipments o n Tuesday and Saturday, which means that we have different items in the store at least twice a week. While each shipment replenishes items that sell well, each also includes new items. That』s why our customers come in often,」 the Toronto store manager said. 「We might get ten of one item and five of another. We』re constantly testing.」
The density of Zara』s store locations in Europe helps achieve logistics efficiencies. They can fill trucks for frequent shipment in markets close to proction and ship larger quantities by air to more distant stores. Zara keeps transportation costs low on the supply side, since most of the proction takes place in Spain. This contrasts radically to most large fashion manufacturers, which rely on low cost manufacturing in Asia and South America, but then pay higher inventory costs and move goods to market more slowly.
The air express strategy also allows Zara to maintain a multinational market presence with only one distribution center. They trade higher transportation costs for lower warehousing and inventory costs. Add to this the idea that fast transportation
supports the proct-innovation strategy that is the heart of Zara』s marketing, and the importance of logistics in Zara』s marketing strategy is clear.
The Results and the Future
Zara』s parent company, Inditex, reached $2.7 billion in 2001 revenue. This made it the fastest growing clothing manufacturer in the world. Zara, Inditex』s fastest growing division, turns its inventory twice as fast as major competitors, with an inventory-to-sales of 7% compared to an instry average of 14%. Their profitability in European operations (15%) is fifty percent higher than that of its major competitors. Zara manufactures 80% of its clothing in Europe, with most of the remaining 20% is sourced in Mexico.
While top managers are understandably closed-mouthed about their plans, Zara seems ideally positioned to penetrate the U.S. market in a major way. With some manufacturing already in Mexico, they could easily open a second distribution center aimed directly at the U.S. market. This would make their youth-oriented styles widely available in the world』s most lucrative market.
Question 1 – Zara』s Business Model and Competitive Analysis
Zara, the most profitable brand of Inditex SA, the Spanish clothing retail group, opened its first store in 1975 in La Coruña, Spain; a city which eventually became the central headquarters for Zara』s global operations. Since then they have expanded operations into 45 countries with 531 stores located in the most important shopping districts of more than 400 cities in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Throughout this expansion Zara has remained focused on its core fashion philosophy that creativity and quality design together with a rapid response to market demands will yield profitable results. In order to realized these results Zara developed a business model that incorporated the following three goals for operations: develop a system the requires short lead times, decrease quantities proced to decrease inventory risk, and increase the number of available styles and/or choice. These goals helped to formulate a unique value proposition: to combine moderate prices with the ability to offer new clothing styles faster than its competitors. These three goals helped to shape Zara』s current business model.
Zara』s Business Model
Zara』s business model can be broken down into three basic components: concept, capabilities, and value drivers. Zara』s fundamental concept is to maintain design, proction, and distribution processes that will enable Zara to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demands. José María Castellano, CEO of Inditex stated that "the fashion world is in constant flux and is driven not by supply but by customer demand. We need to give consumers what they want, and if I go to South America or Asia to make clothes, I simply can't move fast enough." This highlights the importance of this quick response time to Zara』s operations.
Capabilities of Zara, or the required resources needed to exploit the opportunities and execute this conceptual strategy, are numerous for Zara. Zara maintains tight control over their proction processes keeping design and manufacturing in-house or with some strategic partnerships located nearby Headquarters. Currently, Zara maintains 80% of its proction processes in Europe, 50% in Spain which is very close to La Coruña headquarters. They have strategic agreements with local manufacturers that ensure timely delivery and service. Through these strategic partnerships and the benefits brought by this proximity of manufacturing and operational processes, Zara maintains the flexibility necessary to design and proce over 12000 new items annually. This capability allows Zara to achieve their strategy of expedited response to consumer demand.
Value drivers for Zara are both tangible and intangible in the benefits that are returned to all stakeholders. Tangibly, Inditex, the parent company of Zara, has 11.02% net margin on operations and their market capitalization (Equity – market value) is
『陸』 zara公司的具體營銷渠道是什麼
自營專賣店。也不算西班牙直接開的，應該是zara在中國成立的直屬公司，再由那些公司直接開店，沒有放開加盟，也沒有代理商。
『柒』 hm zara是同一個品牌嗎hm zara質量怎麼樣麻煩告訴我
此外，由於價格比較低廉的緣故，部分人對其質量存疑，那麼，其質量究竟是怎麼樣呢? hm zara是同一個品牌嗎? 瑞典的H&M、西班牙的ZARA 是國際上兩大成功的服裝零售品牌，兩家公司的成功得益於其獨特營銷策略的運用。ZARA的目標群體是25-35歲學歷較高收入相當的顧客層，而H&M則是16-30歲的年輕一族，那麼在產品戰略上有什麼不同呢? ZARA和H&M採用的都是「少量、多款」的產品策略，兩者都打破了傳統服裝業界季節的限定，在同一季節內也會不斷推出新穎款式供消費者選擇。ZARA的「少量、多款」產品策略的實現，依靠的是公司對時尚信息和消費者反饋信息的快速採集與共享，而H&M為實現其「少量、多款」的產品策略同樣也在以下方面做出了努力。1、為了更准確地滿足消費者真實需求，公司創造產品採取了一種「推一拉」的方式，即除了把公司認為消費者想要的產品「推」給消費者外，更要用消費者想要的商品來「拉」住消費者。2、在價格折扣方面，兩家公司也都採用少折扣策略，致使兩家公司的貨物上櫃後幾乎都能在短時間內銷售一空，只會剩下少量不受歡迎的產品留在季末或歲末打折。 網友認為hm zara質量怎麼樣? 發現新聞很喜歡針對hm，zara這兩個品牌，要麼就是說質量差，要麼就是說外國貨中國製造，裝大牌，成本低不值賣這個價格，那麼，網友怎麼看呢?「櫻桃小丸子」發表了自己的看法： 說真的，本人是挺喜歡hm的，不過質量無可厚非，真的是有點差，有時在超市看到一些衣服都已經是爛的，不過以他們的定價和款式，要說賣你們質量一流的衣服，你敢信嗎?至於有沒有裝大牌，那真不可以定奪，每次新款都有人連夜排隊，那可是那些抄家的問題了，有人說zara不讓帶飲料進去，試想想如果人人都帶吃的進去，那真的成了超市了，好歹人家也是賣衣服的，況且你見過哪家超市讓你帶飲料入場啊。就說這兩個牌子的，其實hm和zara挺有優勢。hm喜歡和一線品牌的聯名款，一些喜歡一線品牌的人看到這樣的價格，也心動了吧。zara抄大牌是眾所周知了，但其實他家的剪裁很好，我試過買過他的一條褲子，設計真的不錯。 hm zara哪個產品更物美價廉? 在價格折扣方面，兩家公司也都採用少折扣策略。因兩家公司的產品都是「少量、多款」，消費者如不在第一時間購買，就存在著再也買不到的風險，所以往往無法等到季末或歲末打折就會迅速購買。在這方面ZARA的成績尤為突出，ZARA的打折商品數量平均約占它所有產品總數量的18%左右，約只有競爭者的一半水平。以H&M經營狀況最好的2001年為例ZARA平均打折商品佔7%，H&M則為13%。 此外，由於H&M售價比ZARA便宜二至三成，雖和ZARA比鄰而開，但在價格上，HM顯然比ZARA更有殺傷力。而且，HM還有女生最喜歡的發飾、項鏈、耳環等，這在ZARA店也是沒有的。從價格、時尚度、品質三方面來講，HM很好地平衡了三者間的關系，更加受消費者歡迎。 由此可知，hm zara各有優勢，只不過兩者的側重點不同而已。此外，由於這兩個品牌價位都比較平民，所以在中國具有較好的「人緣」，每每新店開張或促銷，便會引發銷售高潮，足見其受歡迎程度。