A. 市場營銷 英文版論文 20000英文字元
市場營銷 Marketing
市場營銷（Marketing）又稱為 市場學、市場行銷或行銷學。簡稱「營銷」，台灣常稱作「行銷」，是指個人或集體通過交易其創造的產品或價值以獲得所需之物實現雙贏或多贏的過程。
權威定義
美國市場營銷協會下的定義是：
行銷是創造、溝通與傳送價值給顧客，及經營顧客關系以便讓組織與其利益關系人受益的一種組織功能與程序
菲利普·科特勒下的定義強調了營銷的價值導向：
市場營銷是個人和集體通過創造，提供出售，並同別人交換和價值，以獲得其所需所欲之物的一種社會和管理過程。
而格隆羅斯給的定義強調了營銷的目的：
營銷是在一種利益之上下，通過相互交換和承諾，建立、維持、鞏固與消費者及其他參與者的關系，實現各方的目的)。
[編輯] 新式定義
台灣的江亘松在＜你的行銷行不行＞中強調行銷的變動性，利用行銷的英文 Marketing 作了下面的定義
「什麼是行銷？」就字面上來說，「行銷」的英文是「Marketing」，若把 Marketing 這個字拆成 Market（市場）與 ing（英文的現在進行式表示方法）這兩個部分，那行銷可以用「市場的現在進行式」來表達產品、價格、促銷、通路的變動性導致供需雙方的微妙關系。
＜你的行銷行不行＞ISBN: 978-986-82609-5-5，理財文化, 2007.08 出版
[編輯] 市場營銷理論發展的四個階段
初創階段(1900年—1920年)
功能研究階段(1921年—1945年)
現代市場營銷學形成和發展階段(1945年—1980年)
營銷擴展階段(1980年以後)
[編輯] 市場與需求
市場營銷學中的市場可以等同於需求，即研究消費者的現實需求和潛在需求。
美國市場營銷協會(AMA)的定義委員會1960年對市場提出以下的定義：
「 市場是指一種貨物或勞務的潛在購買者的集合需求。 」
菲利普·科特勒把市場定義為
「 市場是指某種產品的所有實際的和潛在的購買者的集合。 」
[編輯] 市場的類型
市場從不同角度，可以劃分為不同的類型。其中按商品的基本屬性可劃分為一般商品市場和特殊商品市場。一般商品市場指狹義的商品市場，即貨物市場，包括消費品市場和工業品市場；特殊商品市場指為滿足消費者的資金需要和服務需要而形成的市場，包括資本市場，勞動力市場和技術信息市場。對以上兩種市場作分析時一般要研究消費者市場，產業市場和政府市場。
市場營銷環境分析常用的方法為SWOT分析方法，它是英文Strength(優勢)、Weakness(劣勢)、Opportunity(機會)、Threaten(威脅)的意思。從內部環境分析優劣勢，從外部環境分析機會與威脅。
[編輯] 市場營銷策略
營銷組合的四個因素常稱作4P，即：
產品（Proct)
價格 (Price)
推廣 (Promotion)
通路與配銷 (Place&Distribution)
這四個因素應用到營銷過程中，就形成了四方面的營銷策略。加上政治POLITICS和公共關系PUBLIC，是為6P。
1981年布姆斯（Booms）和比特納（Bitner）建議在傳統市場營銷理論4Ps的基礎上增加三個「服務性的P」，即：人員(People)、流程(Process)、環境(或是或實體環境；Physical evidence)。
根據與市場競爭對手對抗的需要而制定富有競爭力的產品、價格、渠道和促銷政策。這一時期誕生了著名的4P理論。當時還是大眾媒體盛行的時代，依靠大眾媒體促進銷售，無差異化策略成為這一階段的明顯特徵。
[編輯] 產品
產品策略主要研究新產品開發，產品生命周期，品牌策略等，是價格策略，促銷策略和分銷策略的基礎。
[編輯] 價格
價格策略又稱定價策略，主要研究產品的定價、調價等[[市場營銷工具]
[編輯] 推廣
推廣是將組織與產品訊息傳播給目標市場的活動，它主要的焦點在於溝通。透過推廣，企業試圖讓消費者知曉、了解、喜愛或購買產品，進而影響產品的知名度、形象、銷售量，乃至於企業的生長與生存。有了推廣，消費者才可得知產品提供何種利益、價格多少、可以到什麼地方購買及如何購買等，而這些消費者反應會進一步協助推動其他行銷組合(產品、價格、通路)。
[編輯] 通路
又稱渠道策略，也稱為促銷。它代表企業（機構）在將自身產品送抵最終消費者之前，所制定的與各類分銷商之間的貿易關系、成本分攤和利益分配方式的綜合體系。這里的分銷商既包含批發商，也包含零售商，甚至包含物流配送商和直銷公司的直銷人員。
企業制定分銷政策的目的是：讓產品更順暢地到達顧客手中，既要保證分銷成本低廉，又要保證顧客對送貨期、送貨量、裝配服務、疑難咨詢等方面的要求。
在產品日益豐富的情況下，分銷政策可能變得越來越難制定，因為相對於產品和品牌的過量，分銷商則顯得稀少，因而後者擁有了大量討價還價的權力，力圖從製造商或上游企業那裡獲得更大的利益分成比例。
零售商在最近10年的表現尤其令人矚目，它們不僅從事零售，也開始插手於產品的上游生產過程，並以自己的店鋪名稱或獨創名稱作為自己所產新品的品牌——即自有品牌（private brand/label），或叫店鋪品牌（store brand/label）。這更深地威脅到了純粹的製造企業的利潤空間，當然也大大增加了後者制定分銷策略的難度。
[編輯] 人員（People)
所有的人都直接或間接地被捲入某種服務的消費過程中，這是7P營銷組合很重要的一個觀點。知識工作者、白領雇員、管理人員以及部分消費者將額外的價值增加到了既有的社會總產品或服務的供給中，這部分價值往往非常顯著。
[編輯] 流程（Process）
服務通過一定的程序、機制以及活動得以實現的過程（亦即消費者管理流程），是市場營銷戰略的一個關鍵要素。
[編輯] 環境（Physical Evidence）
包括服務供給得以順利傳送的服務環境，有形商品承載和表達服務的能力，當前消費者的無形消費體驗，以及向潛在顧客傳遞消費滿足感的能力。
[編輯] 4C
包括：
顧客（Customer）
成本（Cost）
溝通（Communication）
便利（convenience)。
加上機會Chance，市場變化Change為6C。
不銷售製造的產品，而要將滿足消費者需求的產品售出；不要依競爭者或者自我的盈利策略定價，而是要通過一系列測試手段了解消費者為滿足需求願付出的成本；不要以自身為出發點，想著網點怎麼布置，採用什麼樣的通路策略，而要關注消費者購買產品的便利性；不是想著如何通過媒體傳播來提升銷量，而要和消費者互動溝通。
[編輯] 營銷種類
[編輯] 整合營銷
整合營銷傳播（Integrated Marketing Communications ）
[編輯] 資料庫營銷（DATABASE MARKETING）
[編輯] 網路營銷（Internet Marketing）
網路營銷是企業整體營銷戰略的一個組成部分，是為實現企業總體經營目標所進行的，以互聯網為基本手段營造網上經營環境的各種活動。
網路營銷的職能包括網站推廣、網路品牌、信息發布、在線調研、顧客關系、顧客服務、銷售渠道、銷售促進八個方面。
Viral Marketing
[編輯] 標竿行銷（Bench Marketing）
由江亘松在＜你的行銷行不行＞提出
以某個市場上已經存在的競爭者為比較基準的行銷方式，例如普騰這家公司於十幾年前提出一句很經典的「Sorry，Sony」到現在還是經常被產業與學術界拿來當作行銷的案例，近年來Audi一直宣稱他們的部分車種在歐洲市場無論在性能或銷售上都令雙B感覺到威脅，這樣的行銷方法就是希望讓那些原本沒有打算買Audi的亞洲買家去思考，為什麼歐洲的消費者願意買的車在亞洲的我們卻沒有給予適當的評價。
當然要提出這樣的行銷方式勢必要先對自己的產品有一定的信心，否則如果「如花」喊出「Sorry林志玲」認同的觀眾應該不會太多吧。
Viral Marketing
[編輯] 直效營銷（DIRECT MARKETING）
根據kotler．keller行銷管理學第12版中譯本
直效行銷（direct marketing）是在沒有中間行銷商的情況下，利用消費者直接（consumer direct,CD）通路來接觸及傳送貨品和服務給客戶。主要通路包括直接信函、型錄、電話推銷，電視購物、小的售票亭、網路和汽車廣告。
直效行銷是互動是行銷系統，利用一種或多種媒體影響任何地區可衡量的回應或交易。特別是在電子行銷中正快速成長。
[編輯] 關系營銷（RELATIONSHIP MARKETING）
在很多情況下，公司並不能尋求即時的交易，所以他們會與長期供應商建立顧客關系。
公司想要展現給顧客的是卓越的服務能力，現在的顧客多是大型且全球性的。他們偏好可以提供不同地區配套產品
或服務的供應商，且可以快速解決各地的問題。
當顧客關系管理計畫被執行時，組織就必須同時注重顧客和產品管理。同時，公司必須明白，雖然關系行銷很重要，
但並不是在任何情況下都會有效的。因此，公司必須評估哪一個部門與哪一種特定的顧客採用關系行銷最有利。
[編輯] 燎原式行銷
由江亘松在＜你的行銷行不行＞提出「燎原式行銷」的重點在於，以自己強大的財力為基礎，先採取競爭對手無法跟隨並獲利的低價策略，逼迫市場競爭者紛紛退出並且樹立警告指標不讓其他潛在業者輕易越矩，這樣在下一個不怕死的競爭者出現之前，就可以創造一個無競爭者的獨占市場。
[編輯] 綠色營銷
[編輯] 社會營銷
[編輯] 營銷社團
[編輯] 市場調研
市場調研又稱營銷調研，指企業在市場營銷決策過程中，需要系統客觀收集和分析有關營銷活動的信息所做的研究。營銷調研活動涉及到產品，廣告，促銷渠道選擇，競爭者等諸多方面。
[編輯] 營銷理論的新發展
病毒式營銷
關系營銷
資料庫營銷
網路營銷
國際營銷
綠色營銷
服務營銷
過程營銷
收益管理
Marketing is an ongoing process of planning and executing the marketing mix (Proct, Price, Place, Promotion) for procts, services or ideas to create exchange between indivials and organizations.
Marketing tends to be seen as a creative instry, which includes advertising, distribution and selling. It is also concerned with anticipating the customers' future needs and wants, which are often discovered through market research.
Essentially, marketing is the process of creating or directing an organization to be successful in selling a proct or service that people not only desire, but are willing to buy.
Therefore good marketing must be able to create a "proposition" or set of benefits for the end customer that delivers value through procts or services.
Its specialist areas include:
advertising and branding
communications
database marketing
direct marketing
event organization
field marketing
global marketing
international marketing
internet marketing
instrial marketing
market research
public relations
retailing
search engine marketing
marketing strategy
marketing plan
strategic management
Experiential marketing
Social Influence Marketing
Contents [hide]
1 Introction
2 Concept of Marketing
3 Two levels of marketing
4 Four Ps
4.1 Seven Ps
5 Four New Ps
6 Proct
6.1 Scope
6.2 Steps in proct design
7 Packaging
7.1 Requirements of good packaging
7.2 Forms of packaging
8 Trademarks
8.1 Significance of a trademark
9 Brands
10 Pricing
10.1 Objectives
10.2 Factors influencing price-determination
10.3 Steps to determine price
11 Distribution (Place)
11.1 Channels
11.2 Manufacturers
11.2.1 Reasons for direct selling methods
11.2.2 Reasons for indirect selling methods
11.3 Wholesalers
11.3.1 Reasons for using wholesalers
11.3.2 Reasons for bypassing wholesalers
11.3.3 Ways of bypassing wholesalers
11.4 Agents
12 Marketing communications
12.1 Advertising
12.1.1 Functions and advantages of successful advertising
12.1.2 Objectives
12.1.3 Requirements of a good advertisement
12.1.4 Eight steps in an advertising campaign
12.2 Personal sales
12.3 Sales promotion
12.4 Marketing Public Relations (MPR)
13 Customer focus
14 Proct focus
15 See also
16 Related lists
17 References
[edit] Introction
A market-focused, or customer-focused, organization first determines what its potential customers desire, and then builds the proct or service. Marketing theory and practice is justified in the belief that customers use a proct or service because they have a need, or because it provides a perceived benefit.
Two major factors of marketing are the recruitment of new customers (acquisition) and the retention and expansion of relationships with existing customers (base management). Once a marketer has converted the prospective buyer, base management marketing takes over. The process for base management shifts the marketer to building a relationship, nurturing the links, enhancing the benefits that sold the buyer in the first place, and improving the proct/service continuously to protect the business from competitive encroachments.
For a marketing plan to be successful, the mix of the four "Ps" must reflect the wants and desires of the consumers or Shoppers in the target market. Trying to convince a market segment to buy something they don't want is extremely expensive and seldom successful. Marketers depend on insights from marketing research, both formal and informal, to determine what consumers want and what they are willing to pay for. Marketers hope that this process will give them a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing management is the practical application of this process. The offer is also an important addition to the 4P's theory.
Within most organizations, the activities encompassed by the marketing function are led by a Vice President or Director of Marketing. A growing number of organizations, especially large US companies, have a Chief Marketing Officer position, reporting to the Chief Executive Officer.
The American Marketing Association (AMA) states, "Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders."[1]
Marketing methods are informed by many of the social sciences, particularly psychology, sociology, and economics. Anthropology is also a small, but growing influence. Market research underpins these activities. Through advertising, it is also related to many of the creative arts. Marketing is a wide and heavily interconnected subject with extensive publications. It is also an area of activity infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture.
[edit] Concept of Marketing
Marketing is an instructive business domain that serves to inform and ecate target markets about the value and competitive advantage of a company and its procts. 「Value」 is worth derived by the customer from owning and using the proct. 「Competitive Advantage」 is a depiction that the company or its procts are each doing something better than their competition in a way that could benefit the customer.
Marketing is focused on the task of conveying pertinent company and proct related information to specific customers, and there are a multitude of decisions (strategies) to be made within the marketing domain regarding what information to deliver, how much information to deliver, to whom to deliver, how to deliver, to deliver, and where to deliver. Once the decisions are made, there are numerous ways (tactics) and processes that could be employed in support of the selected strategies.
The goal of marketing is to build and maintain a preference for a company and its procts within the target markets. The goal of any business is to build mutually profitable and sustainable relationships with its customers. While all business domains are responsible for accomplishing this goal, the marketing domain bears a significant share of the responsibility.
Within the larger scope of its definition, marketing is performed through the actions of three coordinated disciplines named: 「Proct Marketing」, 「Corporate Marketing」, and 「Marketing Communications」. [2]
[edit] Two levels of marketing
Strategic marketing: attempts to determine how an organization competes against its competitors in a market place. In particular, it aims at generating a competitive advantage relative to its competitors.
Operational marketing: executes marketing functions to attract and keep customers and to maximize the value derived for them, as well as to satisfy the customer with prompt services and meeting the customer expectations. Operational Marketing includes the determination of the porter's five forces
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B. 急求菲利普·科特勒的《市場營銷》的英文原版！！！
http://www.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=10&replyid=361086&id=81171&page=1&skin=0&star=1
注冊來後就可源以下載了
我在荷蘭留學直接買的書...
C. 市場營銷英文版的問題
1. Compare the traditional four Ps to the current four Cs.
(比較傳統的4個Ps和目前的4個Cs)
2. Explain the role of the SBU in strategic planning.(簡述SBU在戰略規劃中的角色)
3. describe the consumer segments based on income distribution in the United States.（簡述美國市場以收入為基礎的客戶細分）
5. Many subcultures make up important market segments. Examples of four such important subculture groups include Hispanic, African American, Asian, and mature consumers. Describe the characteristics of each of these groups.（很多亞文化構成了很重要的市場細分，比較典型的4個例子包括西班牙裔，非裔美國人，亞裔和成熟消費者），簡述這些群體的特點。
6. Each person』s distinct personality influences his or her buying behavior. Personality is usually described in terms of traits. What are these traits, and how do they affect the way people purchase items?每個人的不同的個性影響他或她的購買行為。通常個性被描述為個性特徵。這些個性特徵都是什麼，他們是怎麼影響購買行為的。
7. Compare and contrast the five major segmenting strategies.
比較5個主要的市場細分策略
8. Explain the concept of positioning for competitive advantage.解釋競爭優勢定位。
9. Services are characterized by four key characteristics. Name and describe these four characteristics.服務有4個明顯的特徵，分別叫做什麼並且描述。
10. A manufacturer has four brand sponsorship options. Describe what they are.一個生產商有4種品牌促銷的選擇，分別是什麼。
翻譯的不好，很多專業術語可能不大對。
D. 有沒有關於市場營銷方面的英文文章
www.financetimes.com上面多的很的內啊容
E. 求科特勒的市場營銷原理（principle of marketing)英文版和HAWKINS的consumer behavior 英文版的PDF
其中一本
F. 求一市場營銷的英文文獻 要PDF版本的
http://pg.jrj.com.cn/acc/HK_DISC/stock_time/2009/12/17/03998_000912068_0.PDF
http://seo.zoapcon.com/internet-marketing.pdf
http://blog.powerdecisions.com/
去知網還可以搜到更多版的權
G. marketing 市場營銷論文 要英文版的
With the development of IT technology, business to the increasingly rapid pace of change to the network, and now we have entered the information age, speed has become our constant pursuit of direction. For each enterprise essential to marketing departments in order to advance the pace of change even more in, people began to network marketing transformation.
Some experts said that in the Internet age of today's Internet Marketing will soon replace the traditional marketing methods and become the main theme of the market. Because people can see the advantages of the network marketing, in-house, departments, and between all departments of the Internet to share information, but also shorten the time for the transmission of information. Thus greatly improving the efficiency of the computer above the company can build up a database, there are customers inside the basic information and consumer information records and is concive to the implementation of one-on-one marketing, for better customer service. At the same time also allow customers to feel he is very business-to-the mind, increase customer loyalty and sales network for the same very attractive, it may omit many brokers, such as wholesalers, distributors, retailers and even And to directly face the customer. Thus greatly rece the cost, the enterprise's procts more competitive to achieve greater sales, and more importantly is able to get the fastest rate of customer feedback to enable enterprises to adapt to market the proct more demand e to enterprises Always walk in the forefront of the market.
Some experts say that may be. Network marketing is some advantage, but his shortcomings but can not be ignored. Network can get market information faster, but the network sales increase sales but can not agree with. They believe that this network has only the most cutting-edge things. Most people have not accepted this approach. It is also not in the habit of online shopping, the things on these virtual lack of trust, they believe that the reality is quite the thing. Life, if I bought What is the problem with the quality of things you can find manufacturers directly, or find a vendor, and will soon receive a response. I do not know that the Internet can be the Whom do I contact, how to find, when a reply » Some say things simply do not fit in online sales, proction companies such as Coca-Cola drinks, I Xianghe when casually into stores or supermarkets which can be bought, it has more convenient, however, how to simplify the sales process? » Everyone knows that there is no need of. If you get the trust of customers, to the extent possible, satisfy the customer, then I think the most effective way is not to rece costs, as long as you in every corner of the world placed on Coke, so that people no matter what time any place as long as the wish to Drink will be able to see it and that is the biggest customer satisfaction, not only rece costs but forgot the more important in the market.
Network development is fast, according to the computer penetration rate is now to complete the transition to the network also needs a long time, not to mention to our Chinese enterprises. Network marketing is a great potential, but also可要not fully developed, the traditional marketing methods will still dominate, the network marketing soon replace the traditional marketing is not realistic. Perhaps the best marketing is not marketing, not traditional marketing, I think they can complement each other, Gequ director, perhaps the most promising is the best way of marketing it.
中文
隨著IT技術的發展，企業以越來越快的速度向網路化轉變，現在我們已經進入了信息時代，速度更成了我們不斷追求的方向。而對於每個企業必不可少的市場營銷部門在以更超前的速度轉變著，人們開始向網路營銷轉化。
有的專家說，在網路時代的今天網路營銷會很快的替代傳統的營銷方式而成為市場的主旋律。因為人們可以看到了網路營銷的優勢， 在企業內部 ，部門和部門之間都相互聯網有利於信息共享 ，也縮短了信息傳遞的時間。 從而大大提高了工作效率， 可以在公司電腦上面建立資料庫，里邊存有客戶的基本資料和消費信息紀錄 ，有利於實施一對一營銷，從而更好的為客戶服務。同時也能讓客戶感受到企業對他是相當的在乎， 更提高了客戶的忠誠度 ，而對於網路銷售同樣很有誘惑力，它可以省略許多中間商，象批發商 、經銷商、 甚至是零售商， 而直接面對客戶。從而大大降低了成本，企業的產品更有競爭力取得更大的銷售業績，而更主要的是能以最快的速度得到客戶的反饋信息，使企業的產品更適應市場的需求，而使企業總是走在市場的最前列。
可有的專家卻認為。網路營銷是有一些優勢，但他的缺點卻不容忽視。網路化是可以更快的得到市場信息， 但網路銷售提高銷售業績卻不堪贊同。他們認為，網路化今天卻只是最前沿的東西。大部分的人還沒有接受這種方式。人們還不太習慣在網上購物，他們對這些虛擬的東西缺乏信任，他們還是比較相信現實中存在的東西。生活中，如果我買了東西質量有什麼問題直接就可以找廠家， 或者找賣主 ，而且會很快的得到答復。可網上我不知道該找誰，怎麼找，什麼時候有答復？再說有的東西根本就不適合在網上銷售，比如可口可樂公司生產的飲品， 我想喝的時候隨便進哪個商店或者超市都能買到，這已經再方便不過了，還要怎麼簡化銷售過程嗎？誰都知道沒有必要了。你要想得到顧客的信任，想盡可能的滿足顧客，那麼我想最有效的方法不是去降低成本，只要你在世界的每個角落都擺放上可樂，讓人們不論在什麼時間什麼地點只要想喝就能夠看到它那就是對顧客最大的滿足，不要只顧著降低成本而卻忘了更重要的市場佔有率。
網路化發展的的確快，可按照現在的電腦普及率要完全的向網路化轉變還需要相當長的時間，更何況對我們中國的企業。網路營銷確實潛力很大，可要完全開發卻也不易，傳統的營銷方式還是會佔主導地位，網路營銷很快的取代傳統的營銷是不現實的。也許最好的營銷方式不是網路營銷，也不是傳統營銷，我覺得他們完全可以相互補充，各取所長，也許那才是最好最有前途的營銷方式吧。
H. 跪求一份全英文的畢業論文《市場營銷的作用》
Discusses the character and scholarship studies the rule discipline which the commodity and the value as well as the exchange value, how the use value and do realize. In other words, discusses the character and scholarship is launches the marketing research based on the commodity itself for the center one kind of knowledge. the market marketing study is just the opposite, the market marketing study is the establishment in by the market demand one kind of knowledge which develops for the center. If the market marketing study needs the smooth development, must complete three aspects the work: does first, what output need to be clear about own company or own organization can provide. This delivers including the proct, also includes the service; second, needs to be clear about the proct which or the service in the market needs us to be possible to provide. If need, then in any region the need, needs how many; third, needs to be clear, if we must supply the aiming a target market, then our supplies way to be whether convenient, if is not convenient, whether to establish belongs to an own way, this way needs how many costs, and so on; Therefore, by the marketing study research's content as well as the research three aspects may look that discusses the character and scholarship to be possible to the commodity nature, the commodity use, as well as the commodity will proce in the future possibly the development value and the brand effect will have some appraisal nature information, but these information will be helpful to business understand their proct, thus more detailed clear proct or service before has not put into the market prospect how. In short, discusses the character and scholarship and the marketing study is the relations which one kind complements one another, has not discussed the character and scholarship regarding the standard situation understanding, easy to see many demands, but did not know that can satisfy him; If the commodity study left the marketing study, will discuss the character and scholarship will become very incapable, knew that oneself can do anything, but because did not know that in the market will need anything, will therefore become starts without knowing where to begin. Single opinion, if has offends, asks respectfully to forgive!