㈠ zara的市场营销策略的英文文献
这些都是国外网站上的，没有中文翻译的，看不懂的话试试翻译器，查查字典什么的，我要是给你翻译怕误导你。
Zara: Cool Clothes Now, Not Later
Ask any urban European female under the age of 30 and chances are she has shopped at Zara, the clothier whose inexpensive but stylish offerings have attracted a cult following. Zara also sells men’s fashions, again aimed at the stylish and youthful.
Mathieu Soto, a college tennis player from France with dark eyes and devastating good looks, was asked to compare Zara to The Gap, the U.S. - based clothing giant with a major presence in Europe. His response: “I don’t know. I’ve never shopped at The Gap.”
Most U.S. young alts have never shopped at Zara, but that seems likely to change in the near future. In the past five years Zara has grown from 179 stores mostly in Spain to 450 stores in 29 countries including the United States and Canada. Zara now has stores in New York, New Jersey, Miami, and Toronto—with more on the way.
While Zara is unlikely to displace The Gap in the U.S. market, they are certain to offer U.S. consumers an option previously unavailable to them. They have a sound if unusual marketing strategy in which logistics plays an important role. Logistics also plays an important role in Zara’s growth plans, notably its expansion into the U.S. market.
Zara’s Marketing Strategy
Zara’s marketing strategy focuses on proct variety, speed-to-market, and store location. It is also notable for what it excludes. Zara does not advertise in the traditional sense. If you want to find out what’s currently available at the Zara stores you have two options: go to the web site or go to the store. Zara puts 10,000 different items on the store shelves in a single year. It can take a new style from concept to store shelf in 10-14 days in an instry where nine months is the norm. In its primary European markets, Zara locates its stores close together. Visitors comment that Zara in Madrid is like Starbucks in a major U.S. city—you see another store on every street corner.
Zara’s Toronto store is located just north of the center of downtown in a major shopping district dense with malls and lined with stand-alone stores and giant office buildings. The potential for intense competition is clear.
“These office buildings are full of the people we want as customers. We want them to stop in at lunch or after work. We want to see them often, so we have to change what we have on the shelves,” said Zara’s Toronto store manager. “They could shop in a lot of other stores, so we have to make it worth their time to come here.”
This also helps explain why the company does not advertise. If a Zara customer wants to know what Zara has, he or she must go to the store. The stock changes often, with most items staying on the shelf for only a month, so the customer often finds something new and appealing. By the same token, if the customer finds nothing to buy this visit, the store’s regular customers know that tomorrow or next week—sometime soon—new goods will be on Zara’s shelves. That makes it worth another visit.
Zara relies heavily on store employees for market information. If a customer looks at a sweater and comments, “That would look really nice with a cowl collar,” an employee can relay that information to Spain where managers decide whether or not to proce the suggested item. If they decide to make it, they can put it on the shelf in Toronto in two weeks or less, partly because they ship by air. Ocean shipping would add at least another ten days to the time it takes to get the proct in front of the customer, undermining the speed-to-market and proct variety strategy.
The Role of Logistics
Putting the variety of goods on the shelves in Toronto and other North American stores requires an unusual, though not unique, logistics strategy for the fashion instry. Zara air expresses goods from its single distribution center in Spain, usually in small quantities. In the 1970’s, The Limited used a similar strategy to support its test marketing, air expressing small quantities of new styles from Asia to U.S. stores. In Zara’s strategy, however, the speedy shipments are part of the core strategy, not just test marketing. Zara also ships frequently, allowing lower inventories while serving its multinational market from a single distribution center in Spain.
“We receive shipments o n Tuesday and Saturday, which means that we have different items in the store at least twice a week. While each shipment replenishes items that sell well, each also includes new items. That’s why our customers come in often,” the Toronto store manager said. “We might get ten of one item and five of another. We’re constantly testing.”
The density of Zara’s store locations in Europe helps achieve logistics efficiencies. They can fill trucks for frequent shipment in markets close to proction and ship larger quantities by air to more distant stores. Zara keeps transportation costs low on the supply side, since most of the proction takes place in Spain. This contrasts radically to most large fashion manufacturers, which rely on low cost manufacturing in Asia and South America, but then pay higher inventory costs and move goods to market more slowly.
The air express strategy also allows Zara to maintain a multinational market presence with only one distribution center. They trade higher transportation costs for lower warehousing and inventory costs. Add to this the idea that fast transportation
supports the proct-innovation strategy that is the heart of Zara’s marketing, and the importance of logistics in Zara’s marketing strategy is clear.
The Results and the Future
Zara’s parent company, Inditex, reached $2.7 billion in 2001 revenue. This made it the fastest growing clothing manufacturer in the world. Zara, Inditex’s fastest growing division, turns its inventory twice as fast as major competitors, with an inventory-to-sales of 7% compared to an instry average of 14%. Their profitability in European operations (15%) is fifty percent higher than that of its major competitors. Zara manufactures 80% of its clothing in Europe, with most of the remaining 20% is sourced in Mexico.
While top managers are understandably closed-mouthed about their plans, Zara seems ideally positioned to penetrate the U.S. market in a major way. With some manufacturing already in Mexico, they could easily open a second distribution center aimed directly at the U.S. market. This would make their youth-oriented styles widely available in the world’s most lucrative market.
Question 1 – Zara’s Business Model and Competitive Analysis
Zara, the most profitable brand of Inditex SA, the Spanish clothing retail group, opened its first store in 1975 in La Coruña, Spain; a city which eventually became the central headquarters for Zara’s global operations. Since then they have expanded operations into 45 countries with 531 stores located in the most important shopping districts of more than 400 cities in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Throughout this expansion Zara has remained focused on its core fashion philosophy that creativity and quality design together with a rapid response to market demands will yield profitable results. In order to realized these results Zara developed a business model that incorporated the following three goals for operations: develop a system the requires short lead times, decrease quantities proced to decrease inventory risk, and increase the number of available styles and/or choice. These goals helped to formulate a unique value proposition: to combine moderate prices with the ability to offer new clothing styles faster than its competitors. These three goals helped to shape Zara’s current business model.
Zara’s Business Model
Zara’s business model can be broken down into three basic components: concept, capabilities, and value drivers. Zara’s fundamental concept is to maintain design, proction, and distribution processes that will enable Zara to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demands. José María Castellano, CEO of Inditex stated that "the fashion world is in constant flux and is driven not by supply but by customer demand. We need to give consumers what they want, and if I go to South America or Asia to make clothes, I simply can't move fast enough." This highlights the importance of this quick response time to Zara’s operations.
Capabilities of Zara, or the required resources needed to exploit the opportunities and execute this conceptual strategy, are numerous for Zara. Zara maintains tight control over their proction processes keeping design and manufacturing in-house or with some strategic partnerships located nearby Headquarters. Currently, Zara maintains 80% of its proction processes in Europe, 50% in Spain which is very close to La Coruña headquarters. They have strategic agreements with local manufacturers that ensure timely delivery and service. Through these strategic partnerships and the benefits brought by this proximity of manufacturing and operational processes, Zara maintains the flexibility necessary to design and proce over 12000 new items annually. This capability allows Zara to achieve their strategy of expedited response to consumer demand.
Value drivers for Zara are both tangible and intangible in the benefits that are returned to all stakeholders. Tangibly, Inditex, the parent company of Zara, has 11.02% net margin on operations and their market capitalization (Equity – market value) is
㈡ 急！求关于市场营销（最好是关于营销策略的）的英文文献2000字左右的，最好带翻译，在线等！
大家知道，企业管理包括生产管理、营销管理和财务管理等多个方面，而财务管理是企业整个管理体系的核心，企业的财务管理目标即是企业追求的目标。可见，只有以财务管理为中心，协调运作管理体系的各个方面，才能有效地强化企业管理，促进企业发展。从全国来说，民营企业数量众多、分布广泛、特点各异，再加上受宏观经济环境化和体制影响，民营企业在加强财务管理方面遇到了一定的阻力，例如：政策的“歧视”使民营企业和大型企业不能公平竞争，地方政府、行业管理部门的干预，使民营企业的财务管理目标短期化，再主要的就是民营企业财务管理受业主的影响过大等一些主观因素的存在，导致财务管理的重要性被忽视。所以，其财务管理中存在的问题也多种多样，我认为，目前普遍存在的问题和原因主要有：
（一）融资困难，周转资金不足，使财务管理成断源之湖。
目前，我国民营企业初步建立了较为独立、渠道多元的融资体系，但是，融资难、担保难，仍然是制约民营企业发展的最突出的问题，主要问题是：第一，负债过多，融资成本高，风险大，造成民营企业信用等级低，资信相对较差。第二，大多数民营企业是非大型企业，有些银行受传统观念和行政干预的影响，对其贷款不够热心。第三，中介机构不健全，缺乏专门为民营企业贷款服务的金融中介机构和贷款担保机构。
分析其主要原因表现在两个方面：一是金融业对民营企业的信贷支持不够。我国金融系统从设置到服务项目，大都是以大企业为服务对象，民营企业的信贷服务往往被忽视。由于贷款难，生产经营过程中所需资金不足，极大制约了民营企业的发展。有的民营企业，虽存在暂时困难，但银行一旦支持就能起死回生；二是民营企业的融资渠道单一，难以适应市场需求的变化。由于有的民营企业，在既得不到银行的贷款支持，又不具有自我融资或向社会公开融资能力，无形中，加强企业财务管理也就成了一句空话，财务管理也就成了断源之湖。
（二）财务控制薄弱，缺乏科学性，使财务管理举步艰难。
大部分民营企业存在财务控制环节薄弱，而且对加强财务管理方面不够重视，没有从真正意义上理解财务管理在企业中的地位。主要问题有：一是资金管理不严，财务控制薄弱，造成资金闲置或不足。二是应收账款周转缓慢，造成资金回收困难。三是存货控制薄弱，造成资金呆滞。四是重钱轻物，资产流失严重。
分析其原因主要是：一是有些民营企业认为现金越多越好，致使大量现金未参加周转，有的是资金缺少计划安排，过量购置不动产，而使企业无法应付经营急需的资金，陷入财务困境。二是没有建立严格的赊销政策，缺乏有力的摧收措施，应收款不能兑现或形成呆账。三是很多民营企业月末存货占用资金往往超过其营业额的两倍以上，造成资金呆滞周转失灵。四是不少民营企业管理者，对原材料、半成品、固定资产等管理不到位，出了问题无人追究，资产浪费严重。分析以上原因，最重要的是因为企业上层领导财务管理观念落后，缺乏科学性，在思想上没有真正理解财务管理对做大做强一个企业所起到的作用，没有将财务管理纳入企业管理的有效机制中，缺乏现代财务管理观念，使财务管理失去了它在企业管理中应有的地位和作用，举步艰难。
（三）管理模式疆化，管理观念陈旧，使财务管理暗然失色。
由于长期以来在思想上受到旧的财务制度的约束，企业管理人员的观念比较滞后。主要问题有：一是企业的投资者同时就是经营者。二是企业管理者的管理能力和管理素质差，管理思想落后。
分析其原因主要是：民营企业典型的管理模式是所有权和经营权高度统一，企业的投资者同时就是经营者，这种模式势必给企业的财务管理带来负面影响，民营企业中相当一部分属于个体私营性质，在这些企业中，企业领导者集权现象严重，并且对财务管理的理论方法缺乏应有的认识和研究，致使其职责不分，越权行事，造成财务管理混乱，财务监核不严，会计人员独舟难行，想规范管理很难。大部分企业没有或无法建立内部审计部门，即使有，也很难保证内部审计的独立性。另外，有些企业没有将财务管理纳入企业管理的有效机制中，缺乏现代财务管理观念，多数民营企业家尚未建立起诸如时间价值、风险价值、边际成本、机会成本等科学管理的概念，由于管理模式疆化，管理观念陈旧，使财务管理暗然失色，失去了它在企业管理中应有的地位和作用。
First, the privately operated enterprise the question and the reasonanalysis which exists in the financial control As everybody knows, business management including proctionmanagement, marketing management and financial control and so on manyaspects, but the financial control is the enterprise entire managementsystem core, enterprise's financial control goal is a goal which theenterprise pursues. Obviously, only has take the financial control asthe center, the coordination operates management system each aspect,can effectively strengthen the business management, the promotionenterprise develops.Said from the nation that, the privately operated enterprise quantitymultitudinous, distributed is widespread, the characteristicrespectively differently, in addition receives the macroscopiceconomic environment and the system influence, the privately operatedenterprise was strengthening the financial control aspect to meet thecertain resistance, for example: The policy "the discrimination"causes the privately operated enterprise and the major instry cannotthe fair competition, the local authority, the profession controlsection's intervention, causes the privately operated enterprise thefinancial control goal short-term, again is main is the privatelyoperated enterprise financial control owner's influence oversized andso on some subjective factors existences, causes the financial controlthe importance to neglect. Therefore, in its financial control existsquestion also many and varied, I believed, at present the universalexistence question and the reason mainly have: .
(1) financing difficulty, the revolving fund is insufficient, causeslake of the financial control Cheng Duanyuan. At present, the our country privately operated enterprise initiallyestablished has been independent, the channel many Yuan financingsystem, but, financed difficultly, to guarantee difficultly, still wasthe most prominent question which the restriction privately operatedenterprise developed, the main question was: First, is in debtexcessively many, financing cost high, risk big, creates the privatelyoperated enterprise credit rank low, helps the letter relatively to beworse. Second, the majority privately operated enterprise right andwrong major instry, some banks the traditional ideas and theadministrative intervention influence, insufficiently are warm-heartedto its loan. Third, the facilitating agency is not perfect, lacksspecially the financial facilitating agency and the loan guaranteeorganization which serves for the privately operated enterprise loan. Analyzes its main reason to display in two aspects: One is the financeinstry is insufficient to the privately operated enterprise's creditaid. Our country finance system from establishes to the serviceproject, mostly is take the big enterprise as the service object, theprivately operated enterprise's credit service is often neglected.Because the loan is difficult, in the proction management processneeds the fund to be insufficient, enormously has restricted theprivately operated enterprise's development. Some privately operatedenterprises, although exists temporarily difficultly, but the bankonce supports can bring back to life; Two is the privately operatedenterprise's financing channel is unitary, adapts the market demandchange with difficulty. As a result of some privately operatedenterprises, in both cannot obtain the bank the loan support, and doesnot have self- financing or to the social public financing ability,imperceptibly, strengthened the enterprise financial control also tobecome an empty talk, the financial control has also become mediateslake of the source.
(2) financial control is weak, lacks the scientific nature, causes thefinancial control to take a step difficultly. The majority of privately operated enterprises have the financialcontrol link to be weak, moreover to strengthens the financial controlaspect insufficiently to take, has not understood the financialcontrol from the true significance in enterprise's status. The mainquestion includes: One is the fund management is lax, financialcontrol weak, creates the fund to leave unused or to be insufficient.Two is the receivable account funds turnover is slow, causes the fundrecycling difficulty. Three, the inventory control is weak, createsthe fund delay. Four is re- Qian Qingwu, the property drainsseriously. Analyzes its reason mainly is: One is some privately operatedenterprises thought cash more the better, causes the massive cashesnot to participate in the turnover, some are the fund lacks the planarrangement, excessive purchase real estate, but causes the enterpriseto be unable to deal with the management urgently needed fund, fallsinto the financial difficult position. Two is does not have theestablishment strict selling on credit policy, lacks powerfullydestroys receives the measure, should receive money cannot cash orform the ll account. Three is very many privately operatedenterprises end of the month the goods in stock takes the fund oftento surpass its turnover above two times, creates the fund delayturnover to malfunction. Four is many privately operated enterprisessuperintendents, to management and so on raw material, half-finishedproct, fixed asset did not arrive, leaves question nobody toinvestigate, the property waste was serious. Above analyzes thereason, most importantly because the enterprise upper formationleadership financial control idea is backward, lacks the scientificnature, the untrue understanding financial control to does in thethought greatly makes the role which the strong enterprise plays, hasnot bought into line with the financial control the businessmanagement in the effective mechanism, lacks the modern financialcontrol idea, caused the financial control to lose it the status andthe function which should have in the business management, took a stepdifficultly.
3) management pattern boundary, manages the idea obsoletely, causesthe financial control to be dark however 失色. Because receives the old financial system since long ago in thethought the restraint, business management personnel's idea comparisonlag. The main question includes: One is at the same time enterprise'sinvestor is the operator. Two is the enterprise superintendent'smanagement ability and the management quality bad, manages the thoughtto be backward. Analyzes its reason mainly is: The privately operated enterprise modelmanagement pattern is the property rights and the operating righthighly unifies, at the same time enterprise's investors is theoperator, this kind of pattern inevitably will give the enterprise thefinancial control to bring the negative influence, in the privatelyoperated enterprise quite a part will belong to the indivial tooperate privately the nature, in these enterprises, enterprise leadercentralization phenomenon serious, and will lack the understanding andthe research to the financial control theory method which will besupposed to have, will cause its responsibility not to divide, exceedsauthority to handle affairs, creates the financial control chaotic,the finance will supervise the nucleus not to be lax, accountant thepersonnel alone boat difficult line, to think the standard managementwill be very difficult. The majority of enterprises not or are unableto establish the interior auditing department, even if has, also isvery difficult to guarantee the internal audit the independence.Moreover, some enterprises have not bought into line with thefinancial control the business management in the effective mechanism,lacks the modern financial control idea, the most privateenterpreneurs not yet establish such as scientific management the andso on time value, risk value, marginal cost, opportunity cost concept,as a result of the management pattern boundary, manages the ideaobsoletely, causes the financial control to be dark however 失色,has lost it the status and the function which should have in thebusiness management.
㈢ 房地产营销策略研究参考文献，需要是最近几年的。。。
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摘要：面对各地持续上升的房价和舆论的压力,中央近期连打房地产市场调控"组合拳"开始了新一轮楼市调控。对于房地产开发企业来讲,目前的宏观调控形势和市场竞争环境已经相当严峻,房地产企业要想抓住机遇,迎接挑战,必须树立现代的营销观念,创新房地产营销策略,使企业在激烈的市场竞争中立足。
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摘要：近20年以来,我国房地产开发企业多是采用粗放型的发展方式,特别是一些中小房地产企业,更是只重视短期利益,品牌意识淡薄。而2010年以来,国家政策面不断加大房地产市场的调控力度,房地产开发企业纷纷进入了"冬季",如何在政策面趋紧的背景下,中小房地产企业如何实现快速可持续的发展,这将是我国中小房地产商未来几年需要面对的问题。本文对我国中小房地产企业的品牌价格评价及相关营销策略进行深入研究,希望本文的研究可以为我国房地市场健康、快速的发展做出贡献。
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摘要：顾客满意是顾客在消费后感受到满足的一种心理体验。房地产的体验营销是将消费者购房的全过程体验作为整体,站在消费者的感官、情感、思考、行动和关联等角度,重新设计房地产项目,为消费者创造值得回忆和持续愉悦的丰富体验,从而促进项目的销售。为此,房地产商要对房地产体验营销策略进行精心策划,为客户创造全方位的体验。通过房地产体验营销来打动购房者,引起情感上的共鸣,提高消费者的满意度,从而达到迅速销售的目的。
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摘要：对房地产营销策略、销售方式、存在的问题及营销策略的创新等进行了阐述,并提出了具体营销策略,即:在整个销售过程中贯穿以人为本的原则,让房地产的开发销售真正建立在市场的需求、消费者的需求之上,只有这样,才能创出品牌,在竞争中立于不败之地。
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摘要：随着我国房地产业不断高速发展,我国房地产市场已出现由卖方市场向买方市场过度的趋势。面对市场变化,如何迎合消费者的口味,吸引更多消费者成为各房地产企业在激烈的市场竞争中亟需解决的问题。因此,房地产商不得不研究市场规律,重视营销问题,把营销管理上升到企业发展的战略高度,以满足消费者需求为目的制定营销策略。
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摘要：市场营销是房地产经营过程中不可缺少的组成部分。在新形势下,随着市场的成熟,制度的健全以及长期发展过程中积累的一些问题,我国的房地产营销策略遭遇了有力的挑战,房地产营销策略的发展说明,为了赢得市场竞争,需要进行营销策略的创新。
[7]田硕;杨舜宇;刘鹏;女性消费心理与房地产营销策略研究[J].中国商贸,2010,No.487(26):23-24.
摘要：在我国,女性消费心理随着社会的发展而发生了重大变化,呈现了新的特征。同时,女性消费者已经成为市场中的主角,在购买活动中起着特殊作用。她们不仅掌管了城市家庭日常支出的话语权,甚至超越男性成为房屋、汽车等家庭大额消费支出的主导者。因此,研究女性消费心理特征对于房地产企业有着重大意义。本文就女性消费心理与房地产营销策略谈谈自己的看法。
[8]戴庆春;卢毅;基于顾客价值的房地产营销策略研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2010,No.138(23):101-103.
摘要：根据菲利普·科特勒的顾客让渡价值理论,结合我国房地产产品的特点,分析了房地产顾客价值的构成。认为在市场竞争日趋激烈的形势下,房地产企业需要努力提升"顾客让渡价值"。就企业如何实现"顾客让渡价值"最大化提出了建议。
[9]崔银香;关于我国当前房地产企业市场营销策略的讨论[J].经营管理者,2010,(23):132.
摘要：本文分析了当前我国房地产企业在市场营销中存在的问题,总结了新形势下房地产市场营销所面对的市场环境特征,并据此提出了房地产企业加强市场营销的对策措施。
[10]于晓菲;刘章美;“后危机时代”房地产新政对消费者行为的影响分析——兼论房地产企业营销策略调整[J].特区经济,2011,No.265(02):292-293.
摘要：2009年第四季度,中国经济企稳回升,步入"后危机时代"。房地产行业在我国经济回暖过程中功不可没。但投机需求抬头引致过高房价引发了去年4月份房地产新政的出台。本文旨在立足新形势,通过对消费者构成变化及其行为特点的透彻分析,提出新形势下房地产企业的营销策略调整方向,为房地产企业持续发展提供动力。
[11]王瑞玲;宋春叶;房地产项目营销策略研究——以重庆某房地产项目为例[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2011,No.140(01):95-97.
摘要：房地产营销策划对房地产项目的销售起导向作用,要结合所在楼盘,进行市场分析,制定营销策略来扩大房地产的有效市场,保证销售目标的实现。房地产营销策略涉及多个方面,以重庆某房地产项目为例,研究了具体的营销推广策略。
[12]蒋栩涛;二、三线城市房地产营销策略研究[J].现代经济信息,2011,No.312(02):87.
摘要：二、三线城市的经济水平、消费观念、生活习性等与一线城市有着本质的区别,其营销策略、推广方式等自然也大相径庭。根据本人多年的市场运作经验,以及在众多城市的实战体会,现就二、三线城市房地产营销策略浅谈一些个人体会。
[13]胡树红;浅谈房地产营销策略及创新[J].上海房地,2011,No.289(02):49-50.
摘要：<正>楼市新政的影响已经逐渐显现出来。纵观近期楼市,部分开发商适当调整了开盘价格,有的采用了打折促销的方式来吸引购房者。房地产企业要想抓住机遇,必须树立现代的营销观念,掌握现代的营销技术,营销策略创新势在必行。
[14]元云丽;李公正;浅谈老年房地产项目的营销策略[J].经营管理者,2011,(03):65-66.
摘要：面对我国进入老龄化社会,老年人生活问题已越来越被社会所关注,国家鼓励开发商进行老年人住宅地产的开发。十七大《报告》在"加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设"中强调要"加强老龄工作"。政府、社会都在积极支持探索、创新多元化的城市养老模式,解决在创新养老模式中所遇到的各种问题,为更好满足老龄人口的需求做出切实可行的行动。日前国家民政部及地方各级民政部门从社会各方面宣传全面关心和帮助老人,尤其是老年人养老与生活方面,并鼓励开发商从事老年人住宅的开发。本文有针对性地对老年地产开发中的营销问题进行了研究。
[15]李玉良;对不同特征房地产的营销策略分析[J].中国市场,2011,No.621(10):87-88.
摘要：每个房地产都有其自身的特征,不同区位、不同建筑特色的房地产价位也不尽相同。房地产企业在投资选址、开发以及营销阶段需要考虑房地产特征的影响。本文从影响房地产价格的因素着手,提出借势营销的策略;具有不同特征的房地产可以结合自身特有的优势,采用对比宣传等手段,进行相关房地产营销。
[16]孙唯淞;万科房地产多品牌营销策略研究[J].经营管理者,2011,(05):195.
摘要：<正>一、万科多品牌营销策略作为中国房地产业的领导者,万科早在2001年就开始和国际著名的4A级广告公司Greyworldwide(精信广告)合作,制定万科的品牌战
[17]隋平;房地产市场营销策略研究[J].经营管理者,2011,(05):196.
摘要：<正>伴随着全球性金融危机的爆发,对房地产业发展较快较早的城市来说,影响较大。很多中小型的建筑企业都因为企业资金实力差,技术水平低等原因受金融危机的影响较大,纷纷倒闭。房地产业已经成为
[18]韩结;浅析国家宏观调控下房地产市场营销策略[J].现代经济信息,2011,No.314(04):12+14.
摘要：我国的房地产市场经过了20多年的发展,已成为我国经济的支柱产业。但是鉴于目前我国房地产市场中的诸多过热现象,国家采取了相应的宏观调控办法,通过政策手段,控制了房地产项目运作中最基本的土地和资金,并通过房产税收等形式,抑制了房地产市场中的投机需求。本文主要分析了国家宏观调控下房地产营销的新形势和房地产营销面临的问题,并浅述了对如何完善营销策略的几点认识。
[19]杨晓梅;浅议如何制定房地产市场营销策略[J].现代经济信息,2011,No.316(06):100.
摘要：市场营销是房地产企业经营和运作的生命线。因此为了保障企业健康发展,就要制定科学、合理的营销策略。
[20]刘飞;朱泽宇;浅析海南旅游房地产营销策略[J].China's Foreign Trade,2011,No.499(06):94.
摘要：海南旅游房地产近年来快速发展,在扩大内需、促进就业和拉动经济发展等诸多方面都起了重要作用。这是由于海南特殊的资源环境、市场价格、和旅游市场发达等诸多优势使然。但是海南经济相对落后、基础设施不足和专业人才缺乏等劣势问题,也在制约可持续发展。海南要健康稳定发展旅游房地产业,就要扬长避短,注意筹划规划,加快人才队伍建设,健全法律约束机制,加速基础配套设施建设,积极创新,提高核心竞争力。
[21]丁纪平;房地产项目的市场定位和营销策略研究[J].中小企业管理与科技(上旬刊),2011,No.286(05):62.
摘要：在市场竞争日趋激烈的今天,成功的关键在于企业的产品市场定位是否准确,营销策略是否实用有效。作为房地产开发企业,项目的市场定位和营销策略,简单地说即开发商想生产什么样的产品?卖给谁?怎样尽快卖出等。本文就房地产项目市场定位的内容、基本原则、存在问题及原因等方面探讨了对房地产项目定位和市场营销策略的问题。
[22]李耀炜;张利霞;房地产中介网络服务营销策略[J].合作经济与科技,2011,No.419(12):76-77.
摘要：改革开放以来,中国整体社会经济的发展有了巨大变化,房地产也随之在调整。作为一个新兴产业,房地产中介在国民经济中的作用越来越突出。本文就是从房地产中介、竞争状况等几个方面进行分析,对企业内部管理、房地产市场营销提出自己的看法,可以有效地帮助房地产中介网络发展,从而带动经济的发展。
[23]朱益新;浅析无锡金科房地产品牌营销策略[J].市场论坛,2011,No.85(04):66-67.
摘要：品牌作为企业的一种无形资产,不仅成为企业竞争的核心内容和手段,而且也成为赢得顾客忠诚以及企业求得长期生存与发展的关键。文章通过对无锡金科房地产公司的品牌营销实施进行分析,提出了对其品牌营销的一些改进建议。
[24]王惠;试论宏观调控背景下房地产企业营销策略[J].经济师,2011,No.265(03):276+279.
摘要：面对各地持续上升的房价和舆论的压力,中央近期连打房地产市场调控"组合拳",开始了新一轮楼市调控。对于房地产开发企业来讲,目前的宏观调控形势和市场竞争环境已经相当严峻,房地产企业要想抓住机遇,迎接挑战,必须树立现代的营销观念,创新房地产营销策略,使企业在激烈的市场竞争中立足。
[25]曾春水;提升房地产企业核心竞争力的4V营销策略构建[J].企业经济,2011,v.30;No.368(04):159-161.
摘要：在楼市调控愈来愈严厉、行业竞争愈来愈激烈的市场背景下,房地产企业能否在竞争中占有一席之地,关键看其是否具有核心竞争能力。本文基于房地产企业核心竞争力的提升,从四个方面简述了4V营销策略的构建:一是实施差异化的营销;二是强化产品功能的弹性;三是增加产品的附加价值;四是促使顾客与企业产生共鸣。
[26]袁珂;房地产广告的营销策略[J].新闻爱好者,2011,No.381(09):74-75.
摘要：随着开发商到处跑马圈地,无论是消费者的自住还是投资,巨大的市场需求让房地产在近几年飞速发展。房地产广告在此扮演了举足轻重的角色,在房地产开发的各个阶段,广告的身影无处不在,市中心、广场、公交车、报纸、电视、广播、网络等,凡是有人群的地方,皆活跃着房地产广告。房地产行业也尤其重视广告营销策略,在整个房地产开发预算中,广告营销预算必须占有一定的份额。同样在预售期、开盘期、持续销售期、尾盘期,开发商不断调整自身的广告策略,在保证良性运作的前提下,最大化地促进销售。
[27]袁珂;房地产营销策略研究[J].新闻爱好者,2011,No.383(11):115-116.
摘要：<正>近十年来,房地产经济经历了长足的发展。从20世纪80年代的筒子楼到现代的薄板建筑、花园洋房、SOHO建筑、LOFT建筑等形式,再到绿色、科技、环保、低密度的别墅院落,无论是户型设计还是营销手段,都在不断创新。目前的房地产市场,为了取得更大的经济效益,营销策略不断变化翻
[28]何佩;房地产市场营销策略及其应用[J].经营管理者,2011,(10):161.
摘要：从当前我国房地产市场营销的现状出发,可以发掘出存在的主要问题,通过分析房地产市场营销策略的主要内容和作用,并且研究了房地产市场营销策略的创新发展,可以更好地指导房地产市场营销。
[29]严琳;基于消费者购房心理的房地产体验营销策略研究[J].商业时代,2011,No.524(13):30-32.
摘要：我国房地产行业已经进入到以消费者为主的理性消费时代,传统的战略优势已不能适应变化的竞争环境和顾客需求。地产商必须引入能够提升产品附加价值、满足顾客精神需求的新型营销模式——体验营销。本文以消费者购房时呈现的心理特点为基础,对房地产行业实施体验营销策略进行了探讨,按照体验营销的"5Es"组合策略,地产商在实施体验营销策略时要做好五个环节,希望能为房地产营销提供借鉴。
[30]徐丽蓉;新形势下房地产营销策略研究[J].湖南社会科学,2011,No.145(03):129-131.
摘要：我国房地产营销中存在着市场定位不合理、营销方式过度依赖传统广告、缺少品牌意识和乱打概念牌等问题。因此,新形势下,必须准确定位市场、实施多种营销手段提升广告品质、实施品牌营销、充实文化营销内涵,从而推动房地产业健康、稳定发展。
[31]杨光宇;浅析房地产营销策略——以中山市房地产市场为例[J].成功(教育),2011,No.169(09):288-289.
摘要：<正>一、引言房地产市场营销的产生是生产力发展和商品经济发达的必然产物,市场营销是房地产经营过程中不可缺少的组成部分。强有力的房地产市场营销活动不仅可以促进地区的经济繁荣,还有助于将计划中的房地产开发建设方案变成现实,使
[32]倪维栋;我国房地产市场营销策略走向的初探[J].现代商业,2011,No.250(21):60.
摘要：目前,伴随着房地产的理性化发展、房地产市场的激烈化竞争,以及土地资源稀缺、住房需求下降、房产价格持续上涨、住宅空置率升高等新形势。如何创新房地产营销策略,才能保证出奇制胜,脱颖而出,提升顾客满意度,在准确定位的基础上进行差异化战略,实施全面质量营销模式势在必行。
[33]吕顺来;新疆房地产企业营销策略研究[J].现代商业,2011,No.253(24):54+53.
摘要：与其他商品销售不同,房地产企业营销是一项复杂且系统的工程,关系到房地产企业的健康发展。本文首先介绍了房地产几大典型营销策略;其次归纳了当前新疆房地产企业营销中存在的问题;最后提出相应的解决对策。
[34]张程;浅议房地产体验营销策略[J].科技风,2010,No.162(24):98+102.
摘要：随着我国房地产市场进入以消费者为主体的理性消费时代,房地产营销的重心逐渐由"以产品为中心"向"以消费者为中心"转移。于是,领悟顾客感性行为,增强顾客感官体验,提升产品附加价值,满足顾客精神需求的营销模式体验式营销开始在房地产营销中得到应用。本文从体验营销的涵义入手,分析了体验营销对房地产消费行为的主要作用,并探讨几种实用有效的房地产体验营销策略。
[35]范陈琦;新时期房地产企业营销策略研究[J].China's Foreign Trade,2011,No.511(18):128.
摘要：随着我国房地产政策法规的逐步完善,和一系列房价限价政策的出台,房地产企业面临银根收紧,投资性购房者减少,住宅空置率不断升高和一线城市房价下行的多重压力。因此房地产企业把握住营销策略发展趋势,适时调整其营销策略势在必行。
[36]邓静;社会系统论与房地产营销策略初探[J].社科与经济信息,2002,No.355(10):97-99.
摘要：<正> 社会系统论在营销学中已经得到了比较广泛的运用,然而,近年来,真正从系统论角度来考察并研究房地产营销策略的文章并不多见。笔者认为,房地产营销涉及许多方面的问题,通过社会系统论对营销策略加以仔细思考和分析,有助于我们从宏观和微观两个方面把握消费者的心理,推动整个房地产营销事业的发展。
[37]张闻;基于可持续发展背景的长沙市房地产绿色营销策略探析[J].商业文化(上半月),2011,No.192(11):228-229.
摘要：进入21世纪以来,随着我国住房制度改革的不断深化以及房地产业的迅猛发展,长沙房地产业经历了一个从无到有、不断壮大的发展历程。与此同时,可持续发展理念和绿色消费观念正作为一种新型发展观念和新型消费观念席卷全球,在这种背景下,长沙房地产企业要想在现有的基础上求的更好的健康持续发展,就必须学会与时俱进实行绿色营销战略,走可持续发展之路,这不仅对全社会的可持续发展具有重要意义,更对长沙市房地产企业自身的健康长远发展具有现实意义。本文中笔者针对当前长沙市房地产企业的发展现状,就长沙市房地产企业绿色营销中存在问题进行研究,并就此提出一些长沙市房地产基于可持续发展的绿色营销策略,旨在为长沙市房地产企业的发展出谋献策。
[38]李庚;宏观调控下中小城市房地产的营销策略[J].经济导刊,2011,No.156(07):56-57.
摘要：<正>近年来,由于中央出台限购令等楼市调控政策,而且调控力度不断加大,使房地产市场的投机性需求得到有效抑制。房价上涨的势头受到进一步抑制。尽管如此,有关专业人士仍然认为中央还会加强房地产调控力度,同时房地产政策变化也难以估计。针对目前形势,房地产商应当采取怎么样的营销策略,方能出奇制胜、占领市场呢?市场竞争的加剧,如果房产商单纯依靠广告、促销等手段推销楼盘,已不再适应当前市场的发展,而品牌、文化、诚信、环保营销等逐渐成为决定项目成败关键因素。
[39]唐吉雄;小城市房地产营销策略探讨[J].消费导刊,2010,(02):4.
摘要：通过对小城市房地产市场进行分析,探讨小城市房地产营销策略可采取的措施。
[40]陈姿翰;绿色元素在房地产企业营销策略中应用[J].现代营销(学苑版),2010,No.63(03):88-89.
摘要：企业开展绿色营销是社会和企业的双赢之举,有利于可持续发展战略的实现。笔者从开发绿色住宅、选择绿色渠道、开展绿色促销三方面探讨了绿色元素在房地产企业营销策略中应用。
[41]胡娟;我国房地产品牌营销策略[J].企业导报,2010,No.165(03):141-142.
摘要：面对日益激烈的市场竞争,房地产业已进入了品牌竞争时代。对房地产业发展状况作基本回顾后,研究并提出了新的市场环境下房地产的品牌营销策略,以期对房地产业在长远的发展中有所裨益。
[42]李燕;房地产产品差异化的营销策略分析[J].现代经济信息,2010,No.292(06):71+73.
摘要：竞争是市场经济的基本特征之一,有竞争就有竞争的策略。对房地产而言,行业竞争的主要表现之一,就是房地产销售的竞争,就是营销策略的竞争。在技术水平相当的情况下,销售策略的优劣就决定了房地产商竞争地位的优劣,因此科学合理的营销策略,是房地产开发商所必须取得竞争优势的基本要素之一。本文将对房地产的营销策略进行分析。
[43]代韵竹;试论新时期房地产市场营销策略[J].现代经济信息,2010,No.290(04):32.
摘要：目前,房地产企业面临土地资源稀缺、住房需求下降、房产价格持续上涨、住宅空置率升高的新形势。因此,创新房地产营销策略,提升顾客满意度,在准确定位的基础上进行差异化战略,实施全面质量营销模式势在必行。本文就如何在新时期进行房地产营销进行分析,提出了一些自己的观点。
[44]杨宇;张二毛;李丙涛;金融危机背景下我国房地产企业的营销策略研究[J].广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2010,v.32(S1):247-248.
摘要：金融危机爆发后,我国房地产市场一路走低,陷入低迷。2009年上半年,我国楼市又出现逆势上扬,房地产市场前景依旧未明。本文在分析金融危机背景下我国房地产企业现状和其营销面临的新形势的基础上,提出金融危机背景下我国房地产企业的营销策略。包括精确定位、采取合理的价格策略、寻求共赢的营销同盟,建立创新的商业模式、诚信第一,质量是保证,树立品牌、及绿色营销是归途。
[45]黄卉;房地产营销策略探讨[J].新闻天地(下半月刊),2010,No.72(05):62-63.
摘要：房地产开发项目营销策划的实施,是企业发展的关键,关系到房地产企业在激烈竞争的房地产市场上能否立足和市场营销的成败。本文主要探讨了房地产营销策略,并提出了房地产营销的对策及建议。
[46]滕进;中国房地产企业的市场营销战略研究[J].China's Foreign Trade,2010,No.481(12):31.
摘要：本文简单分析了中国房地产市场的发展过程,指出了当前房地产市场存在的问题以及市场营销对房地产企业的重要性,并对不同的营销手段进行了简单阐述。只有不断加强企业的市场营销,才能在未来市场得到充分发展。
[47]韩剑;浅析如何完善房地产营销策略[J].经营管理者,2010,(11):153.
摘要：随着中国经济市场化不断深入发展,房地产市场也经历了从小到大的发展历程。我国房地产市场营销起步较晚,再加上市场化进程不完善,房地产营销方面还存在着很多问题,本文就此做一分析。
[48]熊红胜;浅议房地产市场营销策略[J].湖北广播电视大学学报,2010,v.30;No.216(07):88-89.
摘要：随着经济的发展和改革开放的深化,房地产业已经成为我国国民经济的重要行业,房地产市场已成为社会主义市场体系的重要组成部分,关于房地产的研究已成为应用经济研究的一个重要分支,在研究需求与供给的前提下,销售的情况直接关系着房地产市场的好与坏,因此房地产的销售策略有着举足轻重的位置。
[49]张超;经济危机下的房地产营销策略探讨[J].现代经济信息,2010,No.298(12):66+68.
摘要：伴随着房地产的理性化发展以及房地产市场的激烈化竞争,房地产营销策略要出奇制胜,才能脱颖而出。而在以房产泡沫为罪魁祸首的经济危机下,房地产营销策略更是个值得探讨的话题。本文就经济危机下的房地产营销策略进行了客观的分析与探索性的研究。
[50]邓雨男;浅析房地产市场营销策略[J].经济师,2010,No.257(07):221-222.
摘要：文章总结了房地产市场细分的作用及依据,准确的房地产市场细分对于一次成功的开发至关重要。
㈣ 求一篇，关于房地产营销策略的外文文献，要有翻译的！谢谢。。。
这个可以找学姐学哥要
㈤ 急求房地产营销 STP战略英文文献！！！
没有理解stp,是science and technology parks还是software and technology parks
不过刚好找到一篇适合楼主要求的文献，已经发送，查收。
[1] Durao, D., Sarmento, M., Varela, V., et al. Virtual and real-estate science and technology parks: a case study of Taguspark[J]. Technovation, 2005, 25(3): 237-244.
查看过外文数据库，也看过几篇中文综述都没有房地产stp的文献，以前的文献也没有提。
如一篇叫《房地产营销策划的STP 模式》作者竟然直接引用了两本中文教材。
[1] 王瑜,张晓青.市场营销学[M].北京:团结出版社,1999.
[2] 李清立.房地产开发与经营[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
果然天下文章一大抄。
一篇《顾客导向的房地产营销策略》，连参考文献也不写。
如果楼主自信能找到，建议楼主自己去找吧。
如果单纯stp倒是有以下文献。
[2] Natter, M., Mild, A., Wagner, U., et al. Planning New Tariffs at Tele. Ring–The Application and Impact of an Integrated Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning Tool[J]. Marketing Science, 2008.
[3] Hung, C. Tsai, C. Market segmentation based on hierarchical self-organizing map for markets of multimedia on demand[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2008, 34(1): 780-787.
㈥ 求一篇和营销策略有关的英文文献，最好有原创翻译的。
童鞋你好！
这个估计需要自己搜索了！
网上基本很难找到免费给你服务的！
我在这里给你点搜索国际上常用的外文数据库：
----------------------------------------------------------
❶ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
❷Elsevier SDOL数据库 IEEE/IEE(IEL)
❸EBSCOhost RSC英国皇家化学学会
❹ACM美国计算机学会 ASCE美国土木工程师学会
❺Springer电子期刊 WorldSciNet电子期刊全文库
❻Nature周刊 NetLibrary电子图书
❼ProQuest学位论文全文数据库
❽国道外文专题数据库 CALIS西文期刊目次数据库
❾推荐使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
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中文翻译得自己做了，实在不成就谷歌翻译。
弄完之后，自己阅读几遍弄顺了就成啦！
学校以及老师都不会看这个东西的！
外文翻译不是论文的主要内容！
所以，很容易过去的！
祝你好运！
㈦ 谁能给我一篇关于营销策略研究方面的英文文献
外文文献可以用你们图书馆的外文数据库检索, 如www.sciencedirect.com, www.springerlink.com
自己去找吧 学校里面可以下载到回的！英文关键词答可以利用www.iciba.com网站翻译～
㈧ 跪求2篇关于市场营销或者营销策略或者有关服务的外文文献，要求有期刊出处的和作者姓名 有翻译的最好了！
亲，有很多这方面的啊，要我发给你吗
好好加油吧，请采纳，下面是一些具体资版料
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