Ⅰ 中小企业营销策略开题报告的外文参考文献有哪些
好，马上发你，不要网上抄的，
Ⅱ 急求营销英文参考文献
wikipedia "marketing" 有非常多的连结
中英文都有
Marketing is an integrated communications-based process through which indivials and communities discover that existing and newly-identified needs and wants may be satisfied by the procts and services of others.
Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market, as in shopping, or going to a market to buy or sell goods or services.
Marketing practice tends to be seen as a creative instry, which includes advertising, distribution and selling. It is also concerned with anticipating the customers' future needs and wants, which are often discovered through market research. Seen from a systems point of view, sales process engineering views marketing as a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions, whose methods can be improved using a variety of relatively new approaches.
Marketing is influenced by many of the social sciences, particularly psychology, sociology, and economics. Anthropology and neuroscience are also small but growing influences. Market research underpins these activities through advertising, it is also related to many of the creative arts. The marketing literature is also infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture.
Four Ps
Main article: Marketing mix
In the early 1960s, Professor Neil Borden at Harvard Business School identified a number of company performance actions that can influence the consumer decision to purchase goods or services. Borden suggested that all those actions of the company represented a “Marketing Mix”. Professor E. Jerome McCarthy, also at the Harvard Business School in the early 1960s, suggested that the Marketing Mix contained 4 elements: proct, price, place and promotion.
* Proct: The proct aspects of marketing deal with the specifications of the actual goods or services, and how it relates to the end-user's needs and wants. The scope of a proct generally includes supporting elements such as warranties, guarantees, and support.
* Pricing: This refers to the process of setting a price for a proct, including discounts. The price need not be monetary; it can simply be what is exchanged for the proct or services, e.g. time, energy, or attention. Methods of setting prices optimally are in the domain of pricing science.
* Placement (or distribution): refers to how the proct gets to the customer; for example, point-of-sale placement or retailing. This third P has also sometimes been called Place, referring to the channel by which a proct or service is sold (e.g. online vs. retail), which geographic region or instry, to which segment (young alts, families, business people), etc. also referring to how the environment in which the proct is sold in can affect sales.
* Promotion: This includes advertising, sales promotion, publicity, and personal selling. Branding refers to the various methods of promoting the proct, brand, or company.
Ⅲ 营销策略和营销战略英文有区别么还是都是marketing strategy，英语中怎么区分呀
管理学当中有 Marketing strategies 和 Marketing tactics 之分
说白了，strategy是目标，tactic是方法。
因为翻译不同，所以冒出来许多说回法，其实答根本就这两个
Ⅳ 沃尔玛公司营销策略的英文参考文献
沃尔玛最重要的不是它的营销策略,而是它的整个架构和管理理念. 物流是它最突出的环节,也是它可以做到天天低价的根本. 其它方面比如管理人员的精简,保持员工的士气和能动性,快速的信息交流平台都是它成功的后盾. 希望你能继续专研.
Ⅳ 急求一篇 》》》描述一个公司的营销策略英文300字。
Market strategies are the result of a meticulous market analysis. A market analysis forces the entrepreneur to become familiar with all aspects of the market so that the target market can be defined and the company can be positioned in order to garner its share of sales. The promotion strategy in its most basic form is the controlled distribution of communication designed to sell your proct or service. In order to accomplish this, the promotion strategy encompasses every marketing tool utilized in the communication effort.
营销策略广泛，不能以一言以蔽之。此文中提到前期的市场分析，以及营销时应该利用各种工具。
Ⅵ 求市场营销战略（marketing strategy） 的英文定义
The so-called marketing strategy (Marketing Strategy) is the enterprise to identify, analyze and select marketing opportunities in order to achieve the corporate mission and objectives of the management process, that is, how companies with the best marketing opportunities through the adaptation process
Ⅶ zara的市场营销策略的英文文献
这些都是国外网站上的，没有中文翻译的，看不懂的话试试翻译器，查查字典什么的，我要是给你翻译怕误导你。
Zara: Cool Clothes Now, Not Later
Ask any urban European female under the age of 30 and chances are she has shopped at Zara, the clothier whose inexpensive but stylish offerings have attracted a cult following. Zara also sells men’s fashions, again aimed at the stylish and youthful.
Mathieu Soto, a college tennis player from France with dark eyes and devastating good looks, was asked to compare Zara to The Gap, the U.S. - based clothing giant with a major presence in Europe. His response: “I don’t know. I’ve never shopped at The Gap.”
Most U.S. young alts have never shopped at Zara, but that seems likely to change in the near future. In the past five years Zara has grown from 179 stores mostly in Spain to 450 stores in 29 countries including the United States and Canada. Zara now has stores in New York, New Jersey, Miami, and Toronto—with more on the way.
While Zara is unlikely to displace The Gap in the U.S. market, they are certain to offer U.S. consumers an option previously unavailable to them. They have a sound if unusual marketing strategy in which logistics plays an important role. Logistics also plays an important role in Zara’s growth plans, notably its expansion into the U.S. market.
Zara’s Marketing Strategy
Zara’s marketing strategy focuses on proct variety, speed-to-market, and store location. It is also notable for what it excludes. Zara does not advertise in the traditional sense. If you want to find out what’s currently available at the Zara stores you have two options: go to the web site or go to the store. Zara puts 10,000 different items on the store shelves in a single year. It can take a new style from concept to store shelf in 10-14 days in an instry where nine months is the norm. In its primary European markets, Zara locates its stores close together. Visitors comment that Zara in Madrid is like Starbucks in a major U.S. city—you see another store on every street corner.
Zara’s Toronto store is located just north of the center of downtown in a major shopping district dense with malls and lined with stand-alone stores and giant office buildings. The potential for intense competition is clear.
“These office buildings are full of the people we want as customers. We want them to stop in at lunch or after work. We want to see them often, so we have to change what we have on the shelves,” said Zara’s Toronto store manager. “They could shop in a lot of other stores, so we have to make it worth their time to come here.”
This also helps explain why the company does not advertise. If a Zara customer wants to know what Zara has, he or she must go to the store. The stock changes often, with most items staying on the shelf for only a month, so the customer often finds something new and appealing. By the same token, if the customer finds nothing to buy this visit, the store’s regular customers know that tomorrow or next week—sometime soon—new goods will be on Zara’s shelves. That makes it worth another visit.
Zara relies heavily on store employees for market information. If a customer looks at a sweater and comments, “That would look really nice with a cowl collar,” an employee can relay that information to Spain where managers decide whether or not to proce the suggested item. If they decide to make it, they can put it on the shelf in Toronto in two weeks or less, partly because they ship by air. Ocean shipping would add at least another ten days to the time it takes to get the proct in front of the customer, undermining the speed-to-market and proct variety strategy.
The Role of Logistics
Putting the variety of goods on the shelves in Toronto and other North American stores requires an unusual, though not unique, logistics strategy for the fashion instry. Zara air expresses goods from its single distribution center in Spain, usually in small quantities. In the 1970’s, The Limited used a similar strategy to support its test marketing, air expressing small quantities of new styles from Asia to U.S. stores. In Zara’s strategy, however, the speedy shipments are part of the core strategy, not just test marketing. Zara also ships frequently, allowing lower inventories while serving its multinational market from a single distribution center in Spain.
“We receive shipments o n Tuesday and Saturday, which means that we have different items in the store at least twice a week. While each shipment replenishes items that sell well, each also includes new items. That’s why our customers come in often,” the Toronto store manager said. “We might get ten of one item and five of another. We’re constantly testing.”
The density of Zara’s store locations in Europe helps achieve logistics efficiencies. They can fill trucks for frequent shipment in markets close to proction and ship larger quantities by air to more distant stores. Zara keeps transportation costs low on the supply side, since most of the proction takes place in Spain. This contrasts radically to most large fashion manufacturers, which rely on low cost manufacturing in Asia and South America, but then pay higher inventory costs and move goods to market more slowly.
The air express strategy also allows Zara to maintain a multinational market presence with only one distribution center. They trade higher transportation costs for lower warehousing and inventory costs. Add to this the idea that fast transportation
supports the proct-innovation strategy that is the heart of Zara’s marketing, and the importance of logistics in Zara’s marketing strategy is clear.
The Results and the Future
Zara’s parent company, Inditex, reached $2.7 billion in 2001 revenue. This made it the fastest growing clothing manufacturer in the world. Zara, Inditex’s fastest growing division, turns its inventory twice as fast as major competitors, with an inventory-to-sales of 7% compared to an instry average of 14%. Their profitability in European operations (15%) is fifty percent higher than that of its major competitors. Zara manufactures 80% of its clothing in Europe, with most of the remaining 20% is sourced in Mexico.
While top managers are understandably closed-mouthed about their plans, Zara seems ideally positioned to penetrate the U.S. market in a major way. With some manufacturing already in Mexico, they could easily open a second distribution center aimed directly at the U.S. market. This would make their youth-oriented styles widely available in the world’s most lucrative market.
Question 1 – Zara’s Business Model and Competitive Analysis
Zara, the most profitable brand of Inditex SA, the Spanish clothing retail group, opened its first store in 1975 in La Coruña, Spain; a city which eventually became the central headquarters for Zara’s global operations. Since then they have expanded operations into 45 countries with 531 stores located in the most important shopping districts of more than 400 cities in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Throughout this expansion Zara has remained focused on its core fashion philosophy that creativity and quality design together with a rapid response to market demands will yield profitable results. In order to realized these results Zara developed a business model that incorporated the following three goals for operations: develop a system the requires short lead times, decrease quantities proced to decrease inventory risk, and increase the number of available styles and/or choice. These goals helped to formulate a unique value proposition: to combine moderate prices with the ability to offer new clothing styles faster than its competitors. These three goals helped to shape Zara’s current business model.
Zara’s Business Model
Zara’s business model can be broken down into three basic components: concept, capabilities, and value drivers. Zara’s fundamental concept is to maintain design, proction, and distribution processes that will enable Zara to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demands. José María Castellano, CEO of Inditex stated that "the fashion world is in constant flux and is driven not by supply but by customer demand. We need to give consumers what they want, and if I go to South America or Asia to make clothes, I simply can't move fast enough." This highlights the importance of this quick response time to Zara’s operations.
Capabilities of Zara, or the required resources needed to exploit the opportunities and execute this conceptual strategy, are numerous for Zara. Zara maintains tight control over their proction processes keeping design and manufacturing in-house or with some strategic partnerships located nearby Headquarters. Currently, Zara maintains 80% of its proction processes in Europe, 50% in Spain which is very close to La Coruña headquarters. They have strategic agreements with local manufacturers that ensure timely delivery and service. Through these strategic partnerships and the benefits brought by this proximity of manufacturing and operational processes, Zara maintains the flexibility necessary to design and proce over 12000 new items annually. This capability allows Zara to achieve their strategy of expedited response to consumer demand.
Value drivers for Zara are both tangible and intangible in the benefits that are returned to all stakeholders. Tangibly, Inditex, the parent company of Zara, has 11.02% net margin on operations and their market capitalization (Equity – market value) is
Ⅷ 如何针对外国客户制定一份英文的营销策划最好有范文可以参考一下~~
呵~~~蓝野“首席运营官”的思路也不大对……
高端客户/驻外使节是该本杂志的读者，换个角度说，也就是广告的受众群体，而非是杂志的广告客户。真正的广告客户，应该是瞄准这群高素质精英群体来进行营销的产品或服务提供商，如奢侈品、高档消费品、旅游、文化、餐饮、娱乐、房屋中介等品类，他们才是你广告销售的直接对象！
针对你的问题，我觉得合理的思路和流程如下：
1、目标人群调查：首先了解你的目标读者状况（总体、分区域），最好是定性、定量的都有一定的了解：定量的了解一下他们的数量、分布、人口统计学特性（年龄、婚姻状况、家庭构成）等大致情况，定性的了解他们的消费能力、消费习惯、消费行为特点和日常消费链构成；
2、市场探查：根据你掌握的目标读者状况，了解一下按他们的消费链特点，与其相关的产品或服务类别有哪些？除我上面所举的一些品类之外，应该也还有一些。接下来了解这些品类中间，市场状况如何，竞争环境如何，市场潜力（饱和度）如何，行业/品类领导企业、潜力企业都有那些？
3、杂志内容计划了解：尽可能详细的了解杂志的编辑计划，看是否有什么连续专题、特别专题的准备，了解每期可能偏重的产品行业或品类，同时也了解杂志编辑的内容灵活程度，了解软宣的配合可能性。
4、整理商业计划书：将你前期调研发现的问题，结合你的销售目标、了解到的编辑计划，并针对实际状况，定出几个重点品类，每个品类中再按可能性排出几个关键客户，根据强势客户、潜力客户、短线客户的不同特点和需求，定出差异化的销售策略，并分解出销售计划；
5、先将销售计划整理成商业计划书，向总公司或上级主管提交，争取尽快获得市场推广计划的批准，并申请一定的推广预算；
6、根据重点品类中的不同客户群体，除制订相应的广告套装之外，要积极发展一些专题计划、主题活动、配套软文等增值内容，以广告营销结合线下推广的可延展性来增加广告客户的兴趣，并留下一些合作的潜力信号以吸引其进一步谈判。
7、针对一些潜力客户（增长率高但市场占有率小）可准备一些整合的广告打包方案，将以往一些闲置的广告资源充分利用起来，低价整合进广告套装中，让客户理解到，这样可以在广告费不大幅提升的前提下显著增强广告主的知名度！
8、发行渠道拓展: 除了常规的定点入户直投渠道外，可以考虑将杂志的发行渠道增加进一些高端精英人群、高级商旅人群常接触的点，如高档酒店、会所、健身房、酒廊、餐厅等等，以拓宽杂志的高端人群覆盖面，提升杂志的广告价值；
9、体验创新：利用杂志创造一些可供潜在用户试用广告客户产品和体验服务的机会，将广告客户的产品与服务试用作为广告套装中的增值服务，并利用一些反馈吸引机制，搜集目标读者给出试用感受和建议，并整理反馈给广告客户，以更好的改进他们的产品和服务，进一步增强杂志与广告客户间的合作深度，提升杂志在同类媒体中的服务差异化价值。
粗略的谈了谈我的看法，你自己再整理整理，按这样步骤做下去，基本应该可以了，当然你也可以根据实际状况作调整，如果有问题，欢迎继续讨论。