gap营销活动

⑴ 想做GAP怎么办

我朋友在上海青浦奥特莱斯GAP做店经理的，收入挺高的，年薪加上奖金有10万左右，主要是管理店面营业员，包括店面库存、营销活动、店面陈列。陈列员工资就低很多了，年薪只有4万左右。了解就这么多，望采纳我的回答。

⑵ zara的市场营销策略的英文文献

这些都是国外网站上的，没有中文翻译的，看不懂的话试试翻译器，查查字典什么的，我要是给你翻译怕误导你。

Zara: Cool Clothes Now, Not Later

Ask any urban European female under the age of 30 and chances are she has shopped at Zara, the clothier whose inexpensive but stylish offerings have attracted a cult following. Zara also sells men’s fashions, again aimed at the stylish and youthful.

Mathieu Soto, a college tennis player from France with dark eyes and devastating good looks, was asked to compare Zara to The Gap, the U.S. - based clothing giant with a major presence in Europe. His response: “I don’t know. I’ve never shopped at The Gap.”

Most U.S. young alts have never shopped at Zara, but that seems likely to change in the near future. In the past five years Zara has grown from 179 stores mostly in Spain to 450 stores in 29 countries including the United States and Canada. Zara now has stores in New York, New Jersey, Miami, and Toronto—with more on the way.

While Zara is unlikely to displace The Gap in the U.S. market, they are certain to offer U.S. consumers an option previously unavailable to them. They have a sound if unusual marketing strategy in which logistics plays an important role. Logistics also plays an important role in Zara’s growth plans, notably its expansion into the U.S. market.

Zara’s Marketing Strategy

Zara’s marketing strategy focuses on proct variety, speed-to-market, and store location. It is also notable for what it excludes. Zara does not advertise in the traditional sense. If you want to find out what’s currently available at the Zara stores you have two options: go to the web site or go to the store. Zara puts 10,000 different items on the store shelves in a single year. It can take a new style from concept to store shelf in 10-14 days in an instry where nine months is the norm. In its primary European markets, Zara locates its stores close together. Visitors comment that Zara in Madrid is like Starbucks in a major U.S. city—you see another store on every street corner.

Zara’s Toronto store is located just north of the center of downtown in a major shopping district dense with malls and lined with stand-alone stores and giant office buildings. The potential for intense competition is clear.

“These office buildings are full of the people we want as customers. We want them to stop in at lunch or after work. We want to see them often, so we have to change what we have on the shelves,” said Zara’s Toronto store manager. “They could shop in a lot of other stores, so we have to make it worth their time to come here.”

This also helps explain why the company does not advertise. If a Zara customer wants to know what Zara has, he or she must go to the store. The stock changes often, with most items staying on the shelf for only a month, so the customer often finds something new and appealing. By the same token, if the customer finds nothing to buy this visit, the store’s regular customers know that tomorrow or next week—sometime soon—new goods will be on Zara’s shelves. That makes it worth another visit.

Zara relies heavily on store employees for market information. If a customer looks at a sweater and comments, “That would look really nice with a cowl collar,” an employee can relay that information to Spain where managers decide whether or not to proce the suggested item. If they decide to make it, they can put it on the shelf in Toronto in two weeks or less, partly because they ship by air. Ocean shipping would add at least another ten days to the time it takes to get the proct in front of the customer, undermining the speed-to-market and proct variety strategy.

The Role of Logistics
Putting the variety of goods on the shelves in Toronto and other North American stores requires an unusual, though not unique, logistics strategy for the fashion instry. Zara air expresses goods from its single distribution center in Spain, usually in small quantities. In the 1970’s, The Limited used a similar strategy to support its test marketing, air expressing small quantities of new styles from Asia to U.S. stores. In Zara’s strategy, however, the speedy shipments are part of the core strategy, not just test marketing. Zara also ships frequently, allowing lower inventories while serving its multinational market from a single distribution center in Spain.

“We receive shipments o n Tuesday and Saturday, which means that we have different items in the store at least twice a week. While each shipment replenishes items that sell well, each also includes new items. That’s why our customers come in often,” the Toronto store manager said. “We might get ten of one item and five of another. We’re constantly testing.”

The density of Zara’s store locations in Europe helps achieve logistics efficiencies. They can fill trucks for frequent shipment in markets close to proction and ship larger quantities by air to more distant stores. Zara keeps transportation costs low on the supply side, since most of the proction takes place in Spain. This contrasts radically to most large fashion manufacturers, which rely on low cost manufacturing in Asia and South America, but then pay higher inventory costs and move goods to market more slowly.

The air express strategy also allows Zara to maintain a multinational market presence with only one distribution center. They trade higher transportation costs for lower warehousing and inventory costs. Add to this the idea that fast transportation
supports the proct-innovation strategy that is the heart of Zara’s marketing, and the importance of logistics in Zara’s marketing strategy is clear.

The Results and the Future

Zara’s parent company, Inditex, reached $2.7 billion in 2001 revenue. This made it the fastest growing clothing manufacturer in the world. Zara, Inditex’s fastest growing division, turns its inventory twice as fast as major competitors, with an inventory-to-sales of 7% compared to an instry average of 14%. Their profitability in European operations (15%) is fifty percent higher than that of its major competitors. Zara manufactures 80% of its clothing in Europe, with most of the remaining 20% is sourced in Mexico.

While top managers are understandably closed-mouthed about their plans, Zara seems ideally positioned to penetrate the U.S. market in a major way. With some manufacturing already in Mexico, they could easily open a second distribution center aimed directly at the U.S. market. This would make their youth-oriented styles widely available in the world’s most lucrative market.

Question 1 – Zara’s Business Model and Competitive Analysis

Zara, the most profitable brand of Inditex SA, the Spanish clothing retail group, opened its first store in 1975 in La Coruña, Spain; a city which eventually became the central headquarters for Zara’s global operations. Since then they have expanded operations into 45 countries with 531 stores located in the most important shopping districts of more than 400 cities in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Throughout this expansion Zara has remained focused on its core fashion philosophy that creativity and quality design together with a rapid response to market demands will yield profitable results. In order to realized these results Zara developed a business model that incorporated the following three goals for operations: develop a system the requires short lead times, decrease quantities proced to decrease inventory risk, and increase the number of available styles and/or choice. These goals helped to formulate a unique value proposition: to combine moderate prices with the ability to offer new clothing styles faster than its competitors. These three goals helped to shape Zara’s current business model.

Zara’s Business Model
Zara’s business model can be broken down into three basic components: concept, capabilities, and value drivers. Zara’s fundamental concept is to maintain design, proction, and distribution processes that will enable Zara to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demands. José María Castellano, CEO of Inditex stated that "the fashion world is in constant flux and is driven not by supply but by customer demand. We need to give consumers what they want, and if I go to South America or Asia to make clothes, I simply can't move fast enough." This highlights the importance of this quick response time to Zara’s operations.

Capabilities of Zara, or the required resources needed to exploit the opportunities and execute this conceptual strategy, are numerous for Zara. Zara maintains tight control over their proction processes keeping design and manufacturing in-house or with some strategic partnerships located nearby Headquarters. Currently, Zara maintains 80% of its proction processes in Europe, 50% in Spain which is very close to La Coruña headquarters. They have strategic agreements with local manufacturers that ensure timely delivery and service. Through these strategic partnerships and the benefits brought by this proximity of manufacturing and operational processes, Zara maintains the flexibility necessary to design and proce over 12000 new items annually. This capability allows Zara to achieve their strategy of expedited response to consumer demand.

Value drivers for Zara are both tangible and intangible in the benefits that are returned to all stakeholders. Tangibly, Inditex, the parent company of Zara, has 11.02% net margin on operations and their market capitalization (Equity – market value) is

⑶ GAP,GLP,GCP是什么缩写分别是什么意思呢

GLP的缩写是 Good laboratory practice of drug，GCP是Good Choice power的缩写，GAP不是缩写得到的。GCP是一种营销概念，GAP（盖璞）是美国最大的服装公司之一，GLP 是意大利知识产权公司。

GAP（盖璞）1969年创建时，只有屈指可数的几名员工。而现在，它是拥有五个品牌（GAP、Banana Republic、Old Navy、Piperlime、Athleta )、3200多家连锁店、年营业额超过130亿美元、员工16.5万人的跨国公司。

GCP营销的核心思想是企业要时刻进行准确选择，即企业要时刻站在效率的角度，选择开展最直接有效的营销活动，使得运作效率最大化。其核心步骤就是打造企业的好产品、好终端、好顾客和好宣传这四个基础，从而逐步使企业的运转形成一套良性的机制并提高竞争力。

(3)gap营销活动扩展阅读：

Gap产品系列则从最初的牛仔扩展到男装 (GAP Men)、女装 (GAP Women)、各种配饰、童装 (Gap Kids)、孕妇装 (GapMaternity)、宝宝装 (babyGap) ，并在最短的时间内占领了美国休闲品牌市场，并得到了美国及海外的认可。

Gap在美国、英国、日本等国家拥有超过3100间品牌直营专卖店，同时Gap公司还在亚洲、澳大利亚、欧洲、拉丁美洲和中东通过特许加盟方式扩张国际业务布局。2009财年的销售额达142亿美元。

2019年2月28日GAP将分拆为两家独立的公开上市公司，旗下品牌老海军（英语：Old Navy）品牌将会独立分拆上市，余下的品牌Gap、香蕉共和国 (服饰)、Intermix、Athleta和Hill City将纳入未命名公司之内，该交易预计2020年完成，需经Gap董事会批准。

⑷ 数据报表里的GAP是什么意思

数据报表里的GAP是差距分析。会计报现在的会计报表是企业的会计人员根据一定时期（例如月、季、年）的会计记录，按照既定的格式和种类编制的系统的报告文件。

随着企业经营活动的扩展，会计报表的使用者对会计信息的需求的不断增加，仅仅依靠几张会计报表提供的信息已经不能满足或不能直接满足他们的需求，因此需要通过报表以外的附注和说明提供更多的信息。

会计报表按其反映的内容，可以分为动态会计报表和静态会计报表。动态会计报表是反映一定时期内经营成果和现金流量的会计报表。

(4)gap营销活动扩展阅读：

差距因素：

这一销售额与当前销售额的差额表明了每种产品的增长机会。相关行业销售额（RIS）等于公司当前的销售额加上竞争差距，而实际市场份额（RMS）等于销售额除以相关行业销售额。造成公司潜在销售额与实际销售额差距的四个因素如下：

1、产品线差距。缩小这一差距需要从宽度或深度方面完善产品线，并引进新产品或改进产品。如产品线的生产能力不能够满足北京汽车市场的需求。

2、分销差距。可以通过扩展分销覆盖范围、提高分销密集程度和商品陈列缩小这一差距。

3、变化差距。客户使用这一战略的目的是鼓励没有使用过该产品的人试用，而鼓励现有的使用者消费更多的产品，较多购买者在考虑购买‘别克’公司的汽车

4、竞争差距。可以通过从现有竞争者手中夺取额外的市场份额，改善公司的地位，从而弥补这种差距。

⑸ Gap口罩业务销售额达1.3亿美元，具体是什么情况

Gap作为美国一个很大的服装销售商，其每年服装销售额可以达到40亿美元，但是今年他一改往日的作风，仅仅凭借口罩业务销售额已经达到了1.3亿美元。这主要的原因是Gap具有很好的前瞻性，直接将自己的服装业务缩小，转型做口罩销售，凭借着今年的特殊情况，口罩业务的销售额达到了1.3亿美元。

Gap是一个很好的转型例子，并且她凭借自己的转型我自己带的更多的经济效益，得到了广大人民群众的支持，一石二鸟。

⑹ 5GAP模型的服务质量差距模型五个差距分析

五个差距以及它们造成的结果和产生的原因分述如下：
（1）质量感知的差距（差距1）
这个差距指管理者没有深刻地理解服务和服务竞争的特性。产生的原因有：
A、对市场研究和需求分析的信息不准确；
B、对客户的期望解释信息不准确；
C、没有需求分析；
D、从企业与顾客联系的层次向管理者传递的信息失真或丧失；
E、臃肿的组织层次阻碍或改变了在顾客联系中所产生的信息。
治疗措施各不相同。如果问题是由管理引起，显然不是改变管理，就是改变对服务竞争特点的认识。不过后者一般更合适一些。因为正常情况下没有竞争也就不会产生什么问题，但管理者一旦缺乏对服务竞争本质和需求的理解，则会导致严重的后果。
（2）质量标准差距（差距2）
这一差距指服务质量标准与管理者对质量期望的认识不一致。原因如下：
A、计划失误或计划过程不够充分；
B、计划管理混乱；
C、组织无明确目标；
D、服务质量的计划得不到最高管理层的支持。
第一个差距的大小决定计划的成功与否。但是，即使在顾客期望的信息充分和正确的情况下，质量标准的实施计划也会失败。出现这种情况的原因是，最高管理层没有保证服务质量的实现。质量没有被赋予最高优先权。治疗的措施自然是改变优先权的排列。今天，在服务竞争中，顾客感知的服务质量是成功的关键因素，因此在管理清单上把质量排在前列是非常必要的。
总之，服务生产者和管理者对服务质量达成共识，缩小质量标准差距，远要比任何严格的目标和计划过程重要得多。
（3）服务交易差距（差距3）
这一差距指在服务生产和交易过程中员工的行为不符合质量标准，它是因为：
A、标准太复杂或太苛刻；
B、员工对标准有不同意见，例如一流服务质量可以有不同的行为；
C、标准与现有的企业文化发生冲突；
D、服务生产管理混乱；
E、内部营销不充分或根本不开展内部营销；
F、技术和系统没有按照标准为工作提供便利。
可能出现的问题是多种多样的，通常引起服务交易差距的原因是错综复杂的，很少只有一个原因在单独起作用，因此治疗措施不是那么简单。差距原因粗略分为三类：管理和监督；职员对标准规则的认识和对顾客需要的认识；缺少生产系统和技术的支持。
（4）营销沟通的差距（差距4）
这一差距指营销沟通行为所做出的承诺与实际提供的服务不一致。产生的原因是：
A、营销沟通计划与服务生产没统一；
B、传统的市场营销和服务生产之间缺乏协作；
C、营销沟通活动提出一些标准，但组织却不能按照这些标准完成工作；
D、有故意夸大其辞，承诺太多的倾向。
引起这一差距的原因可分为两类：
一是外部营销沟通的计划与执行没有和服务生产统一起来；
二是在广告等营销沟通过程中往往存在承诺过多的倾向。
在第一种情况下，治疗措施是建立一种使外部营销沟通活动的计划和执行与服务生产统一起来的制度。例如，至少每个重大活动应该与服务生产行为协调起来，达到两个目标：
第一，市场沟通中的承诺要更加准确和符合实际；
第二，外部营销活动中做出的承诺能够做到言出必行，避免夸夸其谈所产生的副作用。在第二种情况下，由于营销沟通存在滥用“最高级的毛病”，所以只能通过完善营销沟通的计划加以解决。治疗措施可能是更加完善的计划程序，不过管理上严密监督也很有帮助。
（5）感知服务质量差距（差距5）
这一差距指感知或经历的服务与期望的服务不一样，它会导致以下后果：
A、消极的质量评价（劣质）和质量问题；
B、口碑不佳；
C、对公司形象的消极影响；
D、丧失业务。
第五个差距也有可能产生积极的结果，它可能导致相符的质量或过高的质量。感知服务差距产生的原因可能是本部分讨论的众多原因中的一个或者是它们的组合。当然，也有可能是其他未被提到的因素。

⑺ 如何做好服装品牌营销策划

这个主意的东西有很多，具体如下

• 店面的选址，一般选择在人流量比较大的地方，具有一定版的消费能力

• 店面权的装修，这个需要根据经营服装的档次来选择装修的档次，基本大气、美观就行

• 服装的货源，如果是自己做的话，需要着重考虑符服装货源的问题，一般不可进货太多，尤其是前期，另外，服装的款式以及性价比等也是需要考虑的问题。

• 店面的宣传，这个店需要提前准备好，店面开业前一个星期甚至半个月，都可以通过不同的方式进行宣传，达到一定的效果。

• 店面的经营，经营就不多说了，需要注意的东西太多了，方法很很重要。

⑻ Gap口罩业务销售额达1.3亿美元，这算转型成功了吗

Gap口罩业务销售额达1.3亿美元，但是我认为这不算它转型成功，首先Gap公司本来是美国一家很大的服装零售商，虽然改行卖口罩，但是他并不算改行，自己的服装零售依旧在做强做大，仅仅是在疫情期间遭受了一定的波折而已。第二点，口罩的销售额虽然很高，和服装销售还是九牛一毛，所以这并不算转型成功。

我相信在不久的将来，一定会迎来一波经济复苏，为每一个服装产业迎来新的春天。

⑼ 谁有关于H&M,ZARA,GAP等快时尚服装的产品策略或营销策略 等相关的英文文献急急

自己去网络文库看