1. 商务英语和营销英语学习方面的论文应该怎么写
只要每天坚持20分钟能和老外互动就可以了，我上了差不多快三个月了
2. 商务英语论文a report on market怎么写啊，可以写哪方面的内容啊，可以给篇范文么。
说真的你说的 report on market，是一个比较泛题目。
通常的，可以从以下几个方面开始写
1、市场概述
2、市场分类
3、市场参与者
4、市场细分
5、根据各细分市场的及经营业务制定的营销策略
6、细分市场的根据（受益细分：地理，消费心理，收入等）
7、预期收益
8、效果跟踪
9、数据统计与分析
10、引用数据。
论文资料来源，你可以到GOOGLE，输入：template of a report on market
就会出来很多资料，英文的。template 是模版的意思，你搜到的资料会比中文多。
祝你好运。
3. 求一篇商务英语的毕业论文~~！！！
浅议商务英语的译翻译技巧
[摘 要] 随着国际贸易和国际营销等跨国商务运作的日益频繁,商务英语翻译作为一种交流手段和媒介起着至关重要的作用。同时商务英语是一门具有专门用途的英语,形成了自身的文体特征,它要求选词恰当、精确,具有用语礼貌、表意清晰。因此商务英语翻译必须具有一定的翻译技巧,才能在商务交流中体现它的实用效果。
商务英语是为国际商务活动这一特定的专业学科服务的专门用途英语,所涉及的专业范围很广,并具有独特的语言现象和表现内容、文体复杂。商务英语翻译要求翻译者具备丰富的商务理论和商务实践知识,为了提高翻译质量,翻译者必须具备一定的自身条件。
第一,翻译者的汉语功底要好。很多人往往忽视这一点,认为汉语是自己的母语,凭着自己原来的底子应付翻译中的问题,是绰绰有余的。然而在真正的翻译过程中,为了一个词语或者一个句型,冥思苦想了半天也得不到一个满意的结果。有时好不容易想出来了也觉得不够理想。由此可见,汉语表达能力和对汉语理解能力的大小直接影响翻译的好坏。下功夫学好汉语,打好汉语基础对于翻译是十分重要的。
第二,英语语言能力要强。全面的语法知识和大量的词汇量缺一不可。如果只有大量的词汇量,而没有较好的英语语法知识。翻译过程中译者的理解肯定是错误百出,而且牛头不对马嘴。因此我们要提高在英汉翻译中对于英文句子理解的准确性及汉英翻译中英文表达的准确性。
第三,知识面要广。商务英语翻译中要很好的做到这一点,就要掌握商务理论和贸易实务等理论知识及贸易实践经验。同时译者还要具有丰富的网络知识,对天文地理、古今中外不说通晓,也要了解其中的一些基本知识。没有一定的常识,译者的语言水平即使再高,也是无法做好翻译工作的。
一、一词多义
同一个词,由于语境不同,其词义可千差万别。试看下面几个例子:
1.They cannot obtain credit at all in the trade. 他们生意信誉已荡然无存。
2.They have opened the covering credit with the Bank of China,London.
他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了有关信用证。
以上两个句子credit 词义都有所区别。
二、词类转译
词类转译是国际商务翻译中常见的译词技巧。常见的有名词与动词、介词与动词的互相转译。
1.名词与动词的互相转译, 如:
Before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods will bein the custody of the customs.
交关税前, 进口货物由海关保管。( 由于语法限制, 只有用名词形式,但译成汉语时,“payment”译作“交”)
2 . 介词与动词的互相转译
在许多场合下, 介词转译成动词时, 需要依据上下文进行引申,具体地进行翻译。如:
We should advise you to get in touch with them for your requirements.
建议你方与他们取得联系, 洽购所需商品。
三、词义引伸
在商务英语翻译中,有时会遇到某些词在词典上难以找到贴切具体上下文词义,如生搬硬套,译文往往语意不清,甚至导致误解。在这种情况下,需要根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词固有基本含义出发,进一步加以引伸。例如:
The arrivals do not conform to the sample.
如果将arrival这个词的词义直接放入译文,显然不能正确表达原文的意义,所以需要进一步的引申。
四、词量增减
在商务英语翻译实践中,词量增减也是很重要的一个翻译技巧。翻译过程中要根据原文上下文意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言句法特点和表达习惯,在翻译时有时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含词,或者减去原文虽有但译文语言表达用不着词。 1.增词
根据具体上下文,可增加动词、形容词、名词或别词类,但在什么时候增加什么样词,才能恰到好处,而不超出一定界限,则需要在长期的翻译过程中实践和积累。如:All cash bonus shall be subject to income tax.所有现金红利,均须缴纳所得税。(根据汉语行文习惯,增加动词)
2.减词
减词译法可以使译文言简意赅,改变翻译中逐字翻译作造成的累赘、拖沓或不符合行文习惯,甚至产生歧义的现象。 如:On condition that you sign this receipt, I will pay the money.
你在收据上签字,我就付款。
五、商务英语中的常用术语翻译
商务英语翻译中包含大量的词汇,因此对于常见词汇的精确运用在翻译中很重要。作为商务英语翻译工作者就要大量的掌握这些具有商务含义的普通词和复合词和缩略词语。
如价格常用术语FOB,CIF 有其特定的专业内容,又如C.W.O定货付款;B/L 提货单;L/C 信用证;C.O.D 货到付现;W.P.A 水渍险;blue chip 蓝筹股、绩优股;bad debt 呆账,等等。总之,商务英语翻译不能拘泥于形式,在保证原文的信息量最大限度地传递到译文中的前提下,翻译者可以灵活运用译入语,已达到语义信息、风格信息和文体信息的最大程度的对等,同时商务英语翻译要遵循商务专业用语。所以要求商务英语翻译工作者要掌握大量的专业词汇及翻译技巧。
参考文献:
[1]葛 平:外贸英语函电[M].上海财经大学出版社,2004
[2]余富林等着:商务英语翻译[M].北京:中国商务出版社,2003
[3]李 平:国际经贸英语教程[M].中国国际广播出版社,1999
[4]王学文:新编经贸口译教程[M].中国对外经济贸易出版社,2001
[5]陈苏东 陈建平:商务英语翻译[M].高等教育出版社,2005
[6]王治奎:大学英汉翻译教程[M].山东大学出版社,2004
[7]曾蕙兰:进出口实用英语[M].外文出版社,2003
[8]冯庆华:实用翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社,2003
4. 关于商务英语的论文，有哪些题目可以选择
外语系英语专业（高职）毕业论文选题（商英专业）
1. 《商务英语课程设置的探讨》
2. 《跨文化因素对英汉翻译的影响》
3. 《商务英语的特点及翻译技巧》
4. 《商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用》
5. 《单证员在国际贸易中的地位》
6. 《商务英语函电翻译技巧》
7. 《商务谈判中英语的重要性》
8. 《浅谈出口结汇风险的防范》
9. 《中国退税制度的改革及其影响》
10. 《商标名称的翻译与策略》
11. 《外贸企业信用风险管理与控制》
12. 《2007年外资银行在我国本土注册探讨》
13. 《我国利用国际贷款/国际援助现状分析》
14. 《WTO与我国反倾销探讨》
15. 《我国对外直接投资之现状》
16. 《内陆地区对外贸易发展策略研究》
17. 《中印两国两国对外贸易战略分析》
18. 《人民币升值对我国出口贸易的影响》
19. 《浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法》
20. 《商务函电翻译的用词技巧》
21. 《外商直接在华投资探讨》
22. 《社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响》
23. 《我国外贸出口品牌战略的实施与研究》
24. 《商务英语专业口语课程教学探讨》
25. 《入世对我国农产品贸易的影响与对策研究》
26. 《应对经济全球化，加快我国企业跨国经营》
27. 《英语写作中常见中式英语分析》
28. 《入世商务英语写作的研究》
29. 《制单工作在国际结算中的地位》
30. 《关税壁垒与非关税壁垒探讨》
31. 《浅谈实质利益谈判法》
32. 《国际电子商务发展面临的新问题》
33. 《商务英语写作中的错误与商务英语写作教学之间的关系》
34. 《清算所在期货市场上的地位》
35. 《跨国公司在华扩张模式透析》
36. 《汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题》
37. 英汉互译中词义的不对应（文化意义、风格意义、修辞意义等）
38. 我国市场经济国家地位与反倾销
39. 如何防范信用证诈骗
40. 我国中小企业开拓国际市场之探讨
41. ”10＋1”自由贸易区未来前景展望
42. 汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧
43. 商务英语的特征与翻译
44. 珠江三角洲外贸现状及存在的问题
45. 南昌现利用外资纵谈
46. 广州／深圳等地区三资企业结构分析
47. 浅谈广州等地区外贸企业的困境与出路
48. 浅谈广州等地区出口产品结构的市场分布
49. 商务英语专业毕业生就业岗位之探讨
50. 单证员跟单员等资格证书现状思考
51. 礼仪在商务谈判中的作用
52. 跨国公司的本土化经营战略及其实施
53. 中国在亚洲区域合作中的地位和作用
54. 延长我国加工贸易国内价值链问题探析
55. 中国贸易的现状和前景
56. 我国西部地区引进外资问题研究
57. 人民币业务对外开放之探讨
58. 浅谈涉外合同英语特色
59. 海外投资与出口贸易的相互关系
60. 文化和地理因素对外商在中国直接投资的影响
61. 绿色壁垒对关税壁垒的替代效应研究
62. 新贸易保护主义的政策调整与我国贸易发展
63. 贸易磨檫及其解决机制研究
64. UCP600-信用证领域的新规则探讨
65. 论<<联合国国际货物销售合同公约>>的适用范围及总则
66. 浅谈<<联合国国际货物销售合同公约>>下卖方的知识产权担保义务
67. 我国纺织业出口竞争秩序现状分析与对策探讨
68. 浅谈来料加工与进料加工的利弊
69. 经纪佣金商或场内经纪人在期货交易中的地位
70. 浅谈商检证书在国际贸易中的作用
5. 商务英语专业的毕业论文可以写哪些方面
提供一些商务英语专业毕业论文的题目和写作方向，供参考。 1. 《影响中国学生英语口语流利性的障碍研究》 2. 《跨文化交际中英语口语能力的培养》 3. 《商务英语的特点及翻译技巧》 4. 《商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用》 5. 《单证员/报关员/跟单员等在国际贸易中的地位》 6. 《商务英语函电翻译技巧》 7. 《商务谈判中英语的重要性》 8. 《浅谈出口结汇风险的防范》 9. 《中国退税制度的改革及其影响》 10. 《商标名称的翻译与策略》 11. 《外贸企业信用风险管理与控制》 12. 《２００７年外资银行在我国本土注册探讨》 13. 《我国利用国际贷款/国际援助现状分析》 14. 《WTO与我国反倾销探讨》 15. 《我国对外直接投资之现状》 16. 《内陆地区对外贸易发展策略研究》 17. 《中印两国两国对外贸易战略分析》 18. 《人民币升值对我国出口贸易的影响》 19. 《浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 》 20. 《商务函电翻译的用词技巧》 21. 《外商直接在华投资探讨》 22. 《社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响》 23. 《我国外贸出口品牌战略的实施与研究》 24. 《商务英语专业口语课程教学探讨》 25. 《入世对我国农产品贸易的影响与对策研究》 26. 《应对经济全球化，加快我国企业跨国经营》 27. 《英语写作中常见中式英语分析》 28. 《入世商务英语写作的研究》 29. 《制单工作在国际结算中的地位》 30. 《关税壁垒与非关税壁垒探讨》 31. 《浅谈实质利益谈判法》 32. 《国际电子商务发展面临的新问题》 33. 《学生商务英语写作中的错误与商务英语写作教学之间的关系》 34. 《大学生在运用定语从句时常见错误及分析其原因》 35. 《跨国公司在华扩张模式透析》 36. 《汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题》 37. 英汉互译中词义的不对应（文化意义、风格意义、修辞意义等） 38. 形象语在写作中的修辞效果 39. 形象语在英汉诗歌互译中处理手段上的差异 40. 我国中小企业开拓国际市场之探讨 41. ＂１０＋１＂自由贸易区未来前景展望 42. 汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧 43. 商务英语的特征与翻译 44. 珠江三角洲外贸现状及存在的问题 45. 南昌现利用外资纵谈 46. 广州／深圳等地区三资企业结构分析 47. 浅谈广州等地区外贸企业的困境与出路
6. 求商务英语论文（英文论文）一篇
Derivatives, as financial instruments, have gained an increasingly important role to the financial status of big companies around the globe. Their importance can be primarily illustrated by the huge development of the derivatives exchange markets in the most developed countries, with banks usually being at the centre of trading of these powerful financial tools. The very essence of their importance lies to the fact that companies can use them to rece uncertainty or risk that stems from entrepreneurial activities. Financial managers use derivatives to understand the risks that their firms are exposed to daily and thus are able to pursue higher returns, given the fact that higher returns impose higher risks. The management of high risks enables companies to rece the danger of financial losses and in the same time achieve higher returns. The extended use of derivatives can also attribute further benefits to the financial position of firms by improving several other corporate actions like cheaper borrowing, tax planning and ensuring safer loan payback. However, derivatives’ trading has been a cause for huge corporate losses for many companies, the financial management of which ignored the high risks involved in the use of those financial instruments. This essay will attempt to examine the ways in which companies can use derivatives to modify their financial position.
A derivative (or derivative security) can be defined as a tradable asset whose intrinsic value depends on or derives from the value of an underlying asset (like shares or bonds), a commodity (like oil or gold) or an abstract measure (like interest rates or indexes). This dependency of the derivatives’ value is the reason why they are also called contingent claims. This last definition of derivatives describes accurately their nature of being an exercisable right or obligation rather than a tradable good. This right or obligation is the exact legal contract that acquires value like a real asset, and therefore can be traded. People have implemented derivatives, as legal contracts, since ancient times, although their systematic use and trading began in the late nineteenth century. However, the past thirty years witnessed a massive growth in the volume of derivatives’ trading. Nowadays, derivative markets account for a significant amount of the world financial exchange system, and their types and use keeps developing and adapting to the different financial needs of the various instries. Common types of derivatives are options, futures, forwards, forward rate agreements and swaps, while other less common types are caps, floors, exotic options, Over-The Counter (OTCs) and exchange-traded derivatives. A brief description of the most common derivatives is given below.
An option is a contractual agreement that the gives the right and not the obligation in one party to buy or sell an underlying commodity or asset at a given price anytime ring a pre-specified period of time. At the end of the pre-specified period this right can be exercised or not, according to the option’s holder needs, thus the name of the derivative. If an option gives the buyer the right to purchase an asset (a number of shares for example) at a given price ring a time period, this option is called call option. By the end of the period the right expires and after that date the option loses its value. On the contrary, if a similar contract gives the buyer the right to sell an asset (at an agreed price and up to a given date), it is then called put option. Call and Put options enable their holders to make profits, recing the uncertainty of the future value of the underlying asset because they can be tradable at any time before the expiry date. If the underlying asset is a share index like FTSE 100, S&P 500 etc. then the purchased right is called index option.
Futures are also contractual agreements between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a specific time and a pre-specified price. However, a future represents an obligation, not a right, to proceed in the specific transaction, thus neither of the two parties can back away once the agreement is made (or the future is purchased). Thus a holder of a future buys the obligation of the other party and not the right, as in options. However, futures are tradable derivatives and are exchanged in a regulated market, like options. This characteristic allows their holders to change their position, according to the change of the underlying asset value through time before the date of the contracted transaction. However, they are very standardised and so they might not be very attractive to companies with specific financial needs. A future having as underlying asset the short-term interest rate of a currency deposit in a foreign bank is called interest rate future.
On the other hand, forwards are similar agreements to futures in the sense that they both represent obligation of the contracted parts to proceed to a transaction of an agreed price at a specified date. However, forwards are not standardised contracts that can be traded in exchanges, but are tailored-to-need agreements for the specific clients and are usually available over-the-counter (for instance between a bank and the purchaser). Foreign exchange is the one of the most important underlying assets that forwards are used for, providing special trading markets for currencies. Fluctuating interest rates of different currencies create uncertainty for the future repayment of loans obtained with flexible rates. For this reason, forward rate agreements (FRAs) can be made between banks and companies, which assure that they will receive a premium from the banks if the floating rates associated with the re-payment of their loans exceeds a pre-specified amount. FRAs are also tradable, and usually are contracted for short time periods, varying from 3, 6 or 12 months.
The exact way in which loans are re-paid as related to floating interest rates created the need for swaps. Swaps are private contracts between companies to exchange interest payment obligations to banks. Under a swap arrangement, companies might be able to mutually devise loan repayments that are cheaper for both parts. Swaps, unlike FRAs, are commonly negotiated for longer periods and can be contracted and traded in similar ways to options.
From the above description of the most common derivatives, it is clear that companies have a powerful toolbox of financial instruments that can be implemented to improve their financial position. The most predominant objective of their use is the mitigation of uncertainty, with regards to future values of assets or commodities. This practice is known as hedging of risk. Hedging can be done with options. If for example a pharmaceutical company announces that in 6 months they might have a cure for cancer, the share price will go sky-high, however the financial managers might be concerned of a failure to meet this announcement. They can protect the financial position of the company by buying put options that can be exercised in case the company fails to discover the cure for cancer (and so its share will bottom down).
Such options that are issued by the company itself are called warrants. Hedging with options or warrants can be used against numerous potential declines in the share price or the whole market. Thus hedging helps to protect companies against financial instability.
Options can also be used in incentive payment schemes from companies to employees, who can be offered call options that can be exercised in the future when the corporate share will be higher. This offer provides a motivation to workers to push the share up by improving their working performance. Thus companies achieve with this indirect payment method increased proctivity gains.
Another potential beneficial use of options is tax planning. Big multinational corporations can make use the of differences in tax legislation in the different countries they operate, and manage to rece the whole payable tax or their cost of capital by trading options in different jurisdictions. Tax practitioners can design option trading in such ways that they achieve tax dections without significant changes in the financial position of the corporation.
Hedging can also take place with futures on underlying commodities. Many major procers are uncertain of the future price of commodities essential to their business and so they use futures to ensure their proction costs against price rises. Thus, they are willing to pay a premium that will ensure them against price volatilities. Under the same rationale, large investors that hold big and diversified portfolios, which are sensitive to the overall movements of share indexes, might want to hedge with share index futures. In that way they can rece their losses if the indexes plunge.
All derivatives that are contingent to interest rate payments can also be used to hedge risks that occur from floating rates. FRAs are specifically useful in this case since they assure their holders against interest rate falls. Slightly alternative interest rate hedging techniques are used in Caps and Floors. These hedging techniques are particularly useful to firms that need to eliminate or rece their exposure to interest rate short-term fluctuations and thus they are willing to pay a risk premium.
Risks that are associated with exchange rate volatility can also be hedged by using derivatives. Intra country economic transactions are priced according to the relative exchange rates of the currencies involved. For instance, an exported commodity that is priced one British pound in the UK does not have a steady value in Euros throughout time. This means that the same transaction can have different value, according to the level of the currency exchange rate. Multinational corporations and firms that are directly implicated to foreign trade (imports/exports) are exceptionally sensitive to volatile exchange rates and thus they are looking to employ derivatives that can help rece this uncertainty. Futures can be used to ensure a currency transaction in the future, regardless of the exchange rate in that future time. Or when firms require greater flexibility they can use currency forwards that are not as standardised as futures and can also be indivially tailored. Alternatively, firms can use currency options that not only allow them to hedge foreign exchange risk but also to make additional profits if the exchange rate is favourable.
In conclusion, derivative securities have increased the capability of financial managers to improve the financial position of their firms and mitigate uncertainty regarding the future of the business and the financial markets. The importance of derivatives can nowadays be observed by the exploding evolution of derivative exchange markets in developed economies all over the world. Derivatives, that represent a contractual agreement towards either the right or the obligation of the contractors to proceed to a pre-specified transaction in the future, can take different forms and variations, according to the specific needs of the business. However, their most common function is to rece the risk involved in future economic transactions, so that firms or institutions can be more secured against economic uncertainty that has noticeably has imposed immense costs on entrepreneurial activities in the past. This altering of the risk profile of corporate activity, also known as hedging, can sometimes also contribute to the simultaneous achievement of great profits, allocating even more importance to derivative instruments. Furthermore, derivatives can prove beneficial to companies when used in incentive payment schemes, tax planning or loan repayments. Following the increasing use of derivative instruments the last thirty years, it is certain that their corporate use will be even more augmented through the design and implementation of new types.
References
Arnold, G. (2005), Handbook of corporate finance, Financial Times Prentice Hall
Eales, B., A., (1995), Financial Risk Management, McGraw Hill: Maidenhead
Hull, J., C., (2000), Options futures and other derivatives, (5th edit.), Prentice Hall International
Taylor, F., (2000), Mastering derivatives markets, (2nd edit.), Financial Times Prentice Hall
Winston, D., (1995), Financial Derivatives, Chapman and Hall: London
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7. 商务英语专业论文题目
提供一些商务英语专业的论文题目，供参考。
1. 《影响中国学生英语口语流利性的障碍研究》
2. 《跨文化交际中英语口语能力的培养》
3. 《商务英语的特点及翻译技巧》
4. 《商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用》
5. 《单证员/报关员/跟单员等在国际贸易中的地位》
6. 《商务英语函电翻译技巧》
7. 《商务谈判中英语的重要性》
8. 《浅谈出口结汇风险的防范》
9. 《中国退税制度的改革及其影响》
10. 《商标名称的翻译与策略》
11. 《外贸企业信用风险管理与控制》
12. 《２００７年外资银行在我国本土注册探讨》
13. 《我国利用国际贷款/国际援助现状分析》
14. 《WTO与我国反倾销探讨》
15. 《我国对外直接投资之现状》
16. 《内陆地区对外贸易发展策略研究》
17. 《中印两国两国对外贸易战略分析》
18. 《人民币升值对我国出口贸易的影响》
19. 《浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 》
20. 《商务函电翻译的用词技巧》
21. 《外商直接在华投资探讨》
22. 《社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响》
23. 《我国外贸出口品牌战略的实施与研究》
24. 《商务英语专业口语课程教学探讨》
25. 《入世对我国农产品贸易的影响与对策研究》
26. 《应对经济全球化，加快我国企业跨国经营》
27. 《英语写作中常见中式英语分析》
28. 《入世商务英语写作的研究》
29. 《制单工作在国际结算中的地位》
30. 《关税壁垒与非关税壁垒探讨》
31. 《浅谈实质利益谈判法》
32. 《国际电子商务发展面临的新问题》
33. 《学生商务英语写作中的错误与商务英语写作教学之间的关系》
34. 《大学生在运用定语从句时常见错误及分析其原因》
35. 《跨国公司在华扩张模式透析》
36. 《汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题》
37. 英汉互译中词义的不对应（文化意义、风格意义、修辞意义等）
38. 形象语在写作中的修辞效果
39. 形象语在英汉诗歌互译中处理手段上的差异
40. 我国中小企业开拓国际市场之探讨
41. ＂１０＋１＂自由贸易区未来前景展望
42. 汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧
43. 商务英语的特征与翻译
44. 珠江三角洲外贸现状及存在的问题
45. 南昌现利用外资纵谈
46. 广州／深圳等地区三资企业结构分析
47. 浅谈广州等地区外贸企业的困境与出路
8. 全英文的商务英语论文
1 from business English language characteristics of business English translation
2 in cross-cultural communication interpretation
3 business English translation errors analysed
4 discuss trademark translation
5 the shallow brand name
6 and the stylistic features of English letters and translation
7 business contract English language characteristics and translation
8 in business negotiations pragmatic analysis of fuzzy language
9 trademark of the principles and methods of translation named
10 2000c business translation methods
11 the language of international business negotiation conflict
12 international business negotiations of the cultural adaptation strategy
13 secretarial English of pragmatic failures
14 of business English words and common vocabulary comparison and analysis
The commercial English translation theory and translation skills
16 the differences between Chinese and western culture and business reception
17 and cultural differences of sino-american business negotiations
9. 急求一篇关于经济的1500字商务英语论文（要英文的）
Humans in the 21st century, the electronic age also makes synchronous communication possible. In international business communication, the speaker can master the language communication, is achieving the desired objectives. Business writing is essential to the communication channels, this way of communication through the process of writing communication of tone problems are analysed thoroughly, so as to improve the business cooperation.
A, introction
Humans in the 21st century, economic globalization, international business activities more frequent intercourse, business communication has entered a new stage of development, more and more people show the trend of internationalization, the working environment is more and more diversified. The electronic age also makes synchronous communication, English as possible throughout the world common language in business, one in speech communication plays a compelling communication effect. In international business communication, the speaker can master the language communication, is achieving the desired objectives. In the process of communication, also can use business writing. Business writing is necessary in a communication channel by way of communication, business writing, you can ask others to pass accuracy, business information and good business writing is a kind of business etiquette, can give people leave a good impression.
Second, the influence factors of tone
1 words and construct sentences. First, sincere words to the communication or business life, sincere cooperation is the most important thing is the most basic, e to our partners to read every day, so the commercial electronic mail file should be concise wording, if use too much words one or two words can mean, obviously makes writing content and vague, drag will waste the time more readers. Regardless of such as in time at were now better, rather than the event is better. If. To use common words, avoid uncommon or spelling words. A word can express, don't use phrases. Use short sentences, because more easy to understand. With less ", "" and", "will", "" these make sentences nowadays become tedious conjunction. In the letter, don't use the same meanings of words. More than Because many use simple little can be more direct simple message and try to persuade the reader, and save time. Example is better than with which now. Avoid using the mean ambiguous words or phrases, the expression that readers will definitely affect misunderstanding, business communication. Therefore, business writing email should be specific, structure clear wording, content clearly. Moreover nowadays women in business, the role of not less than men, more and more women, especially the feminist movement to contain the words very sensitive sex discrimination. Avoid using business email has sex discrimination of communication, this words for both. The chairperson alternative chairman, etc. Finally, people often complain when used in anger or negative words or phrases, the expression of readers, often including criticism or blame, then against business communication. Business letters should adopt positive affirmation of the meaning of the words, avoid using negative expression. Even want to criticize each other, also should not be shown on the wording, should adopt positive tone and indirect or other language, in order to better acceptance. Because business communication purpose is not to blame each other, criticism or not intentionally let them feel guilty, the real purpose is to provide information or other beneficial to take action, to solve the problem.
2 the language style. General language styles mainly from natural and whether formal whether such two angles appraisal. Martin Joos according to the degree of formal language use forward five variants: the grave style (half style), The formal style (formal style), The consultative style style (with), Casual style (the casual style), Close the style (intimate style). Business language is a formal language, however, with the increasing trade between business contacts with the trade relations between each other, to strengthen the understanding and communication, e to personal attachment, the trend into the content of electronic business English language style, the liberalization of tend to use language and concise. On one hand, electronic business English should save those polite words, excess leads directly to the consultation, the main theme is to be short and concise, easy reading. On the other hand, electronic data exchange and cable etc, the use of language and short sentences are made its language style. If written content to benefit more words, writers, demand the other party has accepted the desire of the word, can show enthusiasm content, If written content just to benefit, writers speak words of writers, cautious, indirect some to give each other with greater freedom of choice, the language style -- Russia tactfully.
Three tenses. English tenses, passive and Chinese, it is through the verb forms change and other auxiliary means to achieve, and mainly through some Chinese grammar and prepositions, such as: ", and to have, by "etc, and to reflect changes of tenses, passive. Because of the differences in English communication, we are committed by the native, tenses, passive error. In spoken English has sometimes can be used to replace it, make mood, for example, some becomes indirect below sentence with general now or the can be used, but is polite to discuss some (with more tone of), as do/come on me? And I wonder if youcould heard/spare a minutes, etc. Now for a business of emotional component, such as I "m expecting to sell me. (please tactfully). The modal verb is in English, should pay attention to, such as table with purchase request more than you can, can go withme? And? Could I have obvious for different tone. Also used for more polite than that would, in tone than if you etc.
Third, the conclusion
Based on the electronic business English writing the article discusses tone, the tone of the wording, tenses and style are analysed thoroughly. The firm is to illuminate the communicator usually depending on the communicative purpose use different tone, give word meaning, and thereby achieve interpersonal effective communication. Therefore, the tone of electronic business English writing is analyzed in the cooperation of a successful business neglected is an important part. In the writing process needs attention: language to clean, simple, straightforward, avoid cliches, Try to use a positive and optimistic tone, Application of active tense, rather than passive.
10. 急求一篇商务英语毕业论文3000字左右
请仔细看，老君论文，只要我回答了，就铁定能帮你解决实际问题！网上随便搜的我就不给你了，你自己能找，我给的是文后参考文献。由于文献较多，我不可能全部上传给你，请选择自己需要的篇目，然后按照最后说明的地址免费求助文献全文。：序号 题名 作者 文献来源 发表时间 来源库 被引频次 下载频次 1 浅析跨文化交际能力培养对国际商务口译的作用 赵海良; 颜翠英; 申彦霞 商场现代化 2008-03-10 期刊 0 224 2 跨文化交际—商务口译成功的关键之一 巨春艳 厦门大学 2006-04-01 硕士 0 212 1 关于商务英语中词汇翻译错误的探析 刘杨 商场现代化 2008-08-20 期刊 0 61 1 中西文化差异对跨文化商务活动的影响 刘雯祺 郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版) 2004-10-30 期刊 5 966 2 中西文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响 李素真; 吕鹏 中国电力教育 2008-12-10 期刊3 中西文化差异对国际商务活动的影响及对策 何柳; 方晟 科协论坛(下半月) 2007-04-25 期刊4 浅析商务英语翻译的中西文化差异 吴毅琼 科技信息(科学教研) 2007-11-20 期刊5 中西文化差异对商务谈判的影响及对策 周健 赤峰学院学报(汉文哲学社会科学版) 2006-06-15 期刊6 中西文化差异对商务谈判的影响及对策 汪华林 北方经贸 2006-08-15 期刊7 中西文化差异对国际商务活动的影响及对策 汪清囡 企业经济 2006-12-18 期刊8 中西文化差异与国际商务谈判 张小乐 时代经贸 2007-03-30 期刊9 略谈中西文化差异与商务英语翻译 汪洋 科教文汇(中旬刊) 2007-07-20 期刊10 国际商务活动中的中西文化差异 靳伟英 河北企业 2007-09-20 期刊11 中西文化差异对涉外商务活动的影响 刘雯祺 新疆教育学院学报 2004-09-20 期刊 1 432 2 商标名的翻译原则与英语商标名的汉译特色 邱凯端 漳州职业技术学院学报 2005-09-30 期刊 1 242 3 从语用等效原则看商标名的翻译手法 李中强 商场现代化 2008-02-20 期刊4 从目的论看商标名的翻译 陈东成 深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版) 2008-03-15 期刊5 论“功能对等”理论与商标名翻译 黄成柱 科技创新导报 2008-05-01 期刊6 商标名翻译中的文化因素解读 王宇容 辽宁经济 2008-04-18 期刊7 “乡音”与“新声”:论商标名之翻译 陈孝静 淮海工学院学报(社会科学版) 2008-06-30 期刊 0 21 8 试论商标名翻译的“等效性” 熊俊 孝感学院学报 2006-08-20 期刊 9 浅论英文商标名的翻译 康漫红 企业家天地(理论版) 2007-06-15 期刊 10 商标名的翻译原则与策略 朱亚军 外语研究 2003-12-15 期刊11 商标名的文化美学特征与翻译 曾文雄; 杨蒙 郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版) 2004-06-30 期刊 3 173 12 谐音寓义:商标名翻译的一种有效方法 朱亚军 修辞学习 2005-01-15 期刊 13 英文商标名汉译的翻译原则与策略简介 汪晓芳; 张群 东华大学学报(社会科学版) 2005-03-30 期刊 14 论商标名翻译的审美原则 吴勇; 陈小红 佛山科学技术学院学报(社会科学版) 2002-01-30 期刊 3 368 15 英汉商标名的文化差异与翻译 佘艺玲 黎明职业大学学报 2001-09-30 期刊共有记录8915条 以上是专业数据库(CNKI等)查到的部分文献，您可以去这里免费求助资料篇目的全文: http://url.ie/15lo 文献检索是一门很有用的学科，指依据一定的方法，从已经组织好的大量有关文献集合中查找并获取特定的相关文献的过程。。一般的论文资料检索集合包括了期刊，书籍，会议，报纸，硕博论文等等。
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