『壹』 ZARA为什么会取得巨大成功，它的营销模式是什么
ZARA的成功有抄几个因素：成本控制非常好袭，基本上全球采购。它没有巨额的广告费，而是通过闹市区开店铺加店外橱窗展示来达到广告效应。还有一点书上都没提，就是他的款全是抄欧美大牌的款式。
你去书店，有卖zara的成功模式这本书的。
『贰』 谁有关于H&M,ZARA,GAP等快时尚服装的产品策略或营销策略 等相关的英文文献急急
自己去网络文库看
『叁』 大家如何看待hm和zara的销售方式
应该是这样的:很多人买衣服,都不敢试太多,不买又不合适,在hm和zara你基本上没有这样的感觉.可以随便试.
『肆』 优衣库,zara,hm的商业模式有何不同.
所谓商业模式是一个系统性的概念，分为广义的以及狭义的概念。
从广义上来讲，这三家连锁衣装零售企业的商业模式都是快时尚的典型代表，所谓的快时尚是通过时尚买手以及精细化管理的产业链，以小批多次的高频次产品生产极大的缩短零售门店商品更新的间隔，最大化的实现应季商品的价值，提高零售门店的坪效。另一方面积极的搜取客户的需求信息，通过全面的数据信息系统为下一期的设计目标提供数据支持，从而形成从顾客中来，到顾客中去的典型的良性循环。
但是三者的系统稍微有一些不同：
1.优势产品
ZARA和HM比较像，款多量少，款式更新速度极快，着重把握时尚潮流。可能某段时间有那么几款卖得特别好，不过很难挑出什么标志性产品。
优衣库主打基本款，夏天款式繁多的UT、秋冬的摇粒绒、轻型羽绒、HEATTECH保暖内衣是它的拳头产品
2.风格
ZARA：时尚（成熟、白领）
HM：时尚（年轻、活力）
优衣库：日式休闲
后两个你去他们官网看下就知道。而优衣库刚好相反，他的非基本款让欧美模特穿也挺奇怪。
3.价格
这个和他们各自的风格、市场定位有关系。给我总的印象：ZARA>GAP>HM=优衣库
其中优衣库的价格这两年有个波动，2011、2012年基本全线涨价，这两年年又降回来了
4.质量
总体印象：优衣库>ZARA>HM，不时有后三个品牌质量不过关、面料有毒的新闻出现。而优衣库最近出现过一次婴儿睡衣易燃在美国被召回，貌似不是因为面料，而是因为剪裁 = =#
当然这个是同价位商品的比较，如果不同价位的话，GAP 249的牛津纺衬衫确实比优衣库149的要好。HM就不说了，渣一样的质量...
5.发展趋势
这几个快销品牌，第一是ZARA，第二是HM，优衣库在第五。不过优衣库的发展非常迅猛，它在中国的开店数目也是这几个品牌里面最多的。优衣库今年开始向时尚度和设计感发力，春夏新款色彩异常丰富，女装的DIP系列卖得还挺好。另外在新材料的研发和使用上，优衣库也是做得最为用心。ZARA和HM没看出什么变化，最让人看不懂的是GAP，在美国走的基本是平价的路子，来到中国后价格一点都没有亲民的意思，说时尚吧，也不是，质量最好吧，也轮不上它。经营状况每况愈下，近来还有要被优衣库收购的传言。
6.总结
扯得有点多，回到题主说的各自优势。我个人比较主观的总结，ZARA：快、时尚度（非常努力地抄大牌）；HM：快、便宜；优衣库：性价比、基本款的丰富性。
『伍』 zara的市场营销策略的英文文献
这些都是国外网站上的，没有中文翻译的，看不懂的话试试翻译器，查查字典什么的，我要是给你翻译怕误导你。
Zara: Cool Clothes Now, Not Later
Ask any urban European female under the age of 30 and chances are she has shopped at Zara, the clothier whose inexpensive but stylish offerings have attracted a cult following. Zara also sells men’s fashions, again aimed at the stylish and youthful.
Mathieu Soto, a college tennis player from France with dark eyes and devastating good looks, was asked to compare Zara to The Gap, the U.S. - based clothing giant with a major presence in Europe. His response: “I don’t know. I’ve never shopped at The Gap.”
Most U.S. young alts have never shopped at Zara, but that seems likely to change in the near future. In the past five years Zara has grown from 179 stores mostly in Spain to 450 stores in 29 countries including the United States and Canada. Zara now has stores in New York, New Jersey, Miami, and Toronto—with more on the way.
While Zara is unlikely to displace The Gap in the U.S. market, they are certain to offer U.S. consumers an option previously unavailable to them. They have a sound if unusual marketing strategy in which logistics plays an important role. Logistics also plays an important role in Zara’s growth plans, notably its expansion into the U.S. market.
Zara’s Marketing Strategy
Zara’s marketing strategy focuses on proct variety, speed-to-market, and store location. It is also notable for what it excludes. Zara does not advertise in the traditional sense. If you want to find out what’s currently available at the Zara stores you have two options: go to the web site or go to the store. Zara puts 10,000 different items on the store shelves in a single year. It can take a new style from concept to store shelf in 10-14 days in an instry where nine months is the norm. In its primary European markets, Zara locates its stores close together. Visitors comment that Zara in Madrid is like Starbucks in a major U.S. city—you see another store on every street corner.
Zara’s Toronto store is located just north of the center of downtown in a major shopping district dense with malls and lined with stand-alone stores and giant office buildings. The potential for intense competition is clear.
“These office buildings are full of the people we want as customers. We want them to stop in at lunch or after work. We want to see them often, so we have to change what we have on the shelves,” said Zara’s Toronto store manager. “They could shop in a lot of other stores, so we have to make it worth their time to come here.”
This also helps explain why the company does not advertise. If a Zara customer wants to know what Zara has, he or she must go to the store. The stock changes often, with most items staying on the shelf for only a month, so the customer often finds something new and appealing. By the same token, if the customer finds nothing to buy this visit, the store’s regular customers know that tomorrow or next week—sometime soon—new goods will be on Zara’s shelves. That makes it worth another visit.
Zara relies heavily on store employees for market information. If a customer looks at a sweater and comments, “That would look really nice with a cowl collar,” an employee can relay that information to Spain where managers decide whether or not to proce the suggested item. If they decide to make it, they can put it on the shelf in Toronto in two weeks or less, partly because they ship by air. Ocean shipping would add at least another ten days to the time it takes to get the proct in front of the customer, undermining the speed-to-market and proct variety strategy.
The Role of Logistics
Putting the variety of goods on the shelves in Toronto and other North American stores requires an unusual, though not unique, logistics strategy for the fashion instry. Zara air expresses goods from its single distribution center in Spain, usually in small quantities. In the 1970’s, The Limited used a similar strategy to support its test marketing, air expressing small quantities of new styles from Asia to U.S. stores. In Zara’s strategy, however, the speedy shipments are part of the core strategy, not just test marketing. Zara also ships frequently, allowing lower inventories while serving its multinational market from a single distribution center in Spain.
“We receive shipments o n Tuesday and Saturday, which means that we have different items in the store at least twice a week. While each shipment replenishes items that sell well, each also includes new items. That’s why our customers come in often,” the Toronto store manager said. “We might get ten of one item and five of another. We’re constantly testing.”
The density of Zara’s store locations in Europe helps achieve logistics efficiencies. They can fill trucks for frequent shipment in markets close to proction and ship larger quantities by air to more distant stores. Zara keeps transportation costs low on the supply side, since most of the proction takes place in Spain. This contrasts radically to most large fashion manufacturers, which rely on low cost manufacturing in Asia and South America, but then pay higher inventory costs and move goods to market more slowly.
The air express strategy also allows Zara to maintain a multinational market presence with only one distribution center. They trade higher transportation costs for lower warehousing and inventory costs. Add to this the idea that fast transportation
supports the proct-innovation strategy that is the heart of Zara’s marketing, and the importance of logistics in Zara’s marketing strategy is clear.
The Results and the Future
Zara’s parent company, Inditex, reached $2.7 billion in 2001 revenue. This made it the fastest growing clothing manufacturer in the world. Zara, Inditex’s fastest growing division, turns its inventory twice as fast as major competitors, with an inventory-to-sales of 7% compared to an instry average of 14%. Their profitability in European operations (15%) is fifty percent higher than that of its major competitors. Zara manufactures 80% of its clothing in Europe, with most of the remaining 20% is sourced in Mexico.
While top managers are understandably closed-mouthed about their plans, Zara seems ideally positioned to penetrate the U.S. market in a major way. With some manufacturing already in Mexico, they could easily open a second distribution center aimed directly at the U.S. market. This would make their youth-oriented styles widely available in the world’s most lucrative market.
Question 1 – Zara’s Business Model and Competitive Analysis
Zara, the most profitable brand of Inditex SA, the Spanish clothing retail group, opened its first store in 1975 in La Coruña, Spain; a city which eventually became the central headquarters for Zara’s global operations. Since then they have expanded operations into 45 countries with 531 stores located in the most important shopping districts of more than 400 cities in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Throughout this expansion Zara has remained focused on its core fashion philosophy that creativity and quality design together with a rapid response to market demands will yield profitable results. In order to realized these results Zara developed a business model that incorporated the following three goals for operations: develop a system the requires short lead times, decrease quantities proced to decrease inventory risk, and increase the number of available styles and/or choice. These goals helped to formulate a unique value proposition: to combine moderate prices with the ability to offer new clothing styles faster than its competitors. These three goals helped to shape Zara’s current business model.
Zara’s Business Model
Zara’s business model can be broken down into three basic components: concept, capabilities, and value drivers. Zara’s fundamental concept is to maintain design, proction, and distribution processes that will enable Zara to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demands. José María Castellano, CEO of Inditex stated that "the fashion world is in constant flux and is driven not by supply but by customer demand. We need to give consumers what they want, and if I go to South America or Asia to make clothes, I simply can't move fast enough." This highlights the importance of this quick response time to Zara’s operations.
Capabilities of Zara, or the required resources needed to exploit the opportunities and execute this conceptual strategy, are numerous for Zara. Zara maintains tight control over their proction processes keeping design and manufacturing in-house or with some strategic partnerships located nearby Headquarters. Currently, Zara maintains 80% of its proction processes in Europe, 50% in Spain which is very close to La Coruña headquarters. They have strategic agreements with local manufacturers that ensure timely delivery and service. Through these strategic partnerships and the benefits brought by this proximity of manufacturing and operational processes, Zara maintains the flexibility necessary to design and proce over 12000 new items annually. This capability allows Zara to achieve their strategy of expedited response to consumer demand.
Value drivers for Zara are both tangible and intangible in the benefits that are returned to all stakeholders. Tangibly, Inditex, the parent company of Zara, has 11.02% net margin on operations and their market capitalization (Equity – market value) is
『陆』 zara公司的具体营销渠道是什么
自营专卖店。也不算西班牙直接开的，应该是zara在中国成立的直属公司，再由那些公司直接开店，没有放开加盟，也没有代理商。
『柒』 hm zara是同一个品牌吗hm zara质量怎么样麻烦告诉我
此外，由于价格比较低廉的缘故，部分人对其质量存疑，那么，其质量究竟是怎么样呢? hm zara是同一个品牌吗? 瑞典的H&M、西班牙的ZARA 是国际上两大成功的服装零售品牌，两家公司的成功得益于其独特营销策略的运用。ZARA的目标群体是25-35岁学历较高收入相当的顾客层，而H&M则是16-30岁的年轻一族，那么在产品战略上有什么不同呢? ZARA和H&M采用的都是“少量、多款”的产品策略，两者都打破了传统服装业界季节的限定，在同一季节内也会不断推出新颖款式供消费者选择。ZARA的“少量、多款”产品策略的实现，依靠的是公司对时尚信息和消费者反馈信息的快速采集与共享，而H&M为实现其“少量、多款”的产品策略同样也在以下方面做出了努力。1、为了更准确地满足消费者真实需求，公司创造产品采取了一种“推一拉”的方式，即除了把公司认为消费者想要的产品“推”给消费者外，更要用消费者想要的商品来“拉”住消费者。2、在价格折扣方面，两家公司也都采用少折扣策略，致使两家公司的货物上柜后几乎都能在短时间内销售一空，只会剩下少量不受欢迎的产品留在季末或岁末打折。 网友认为hm zara质量怎么样? 发现新闻很喜欢针对hm，zara这两个品牌，要么就是说质量差，要么就是说外国货中国制造，装大牌，成本低不值卖这个价格，那么，网友怎么看呢?“樱桃小丸子”发表了自己的看法： 说真的，本人是挺喜欢hm的，不过质量无可厚非，真的是有点差，有时在超市看到一些衣服都已经是烂的，不过以他们的定价和款式，要说卖你们质量一流的衣服，你敢信吗?至于有没有装大牌，那真不可以定夺，每次新款都有人连夜排队，那可是那些抄家的问题了，有人说zara不让带饮料进去，试想想如果人人都带吃的进去，那真的成了超市了，好歹人家也是卖衣服的，况且你见过哪家超市让你带饮料入场啊。就说这两个牌子的，其实hm和zara挺有优势。hm喜欢和一线品牌的联名款，一些喜欢一线品牌的人看到这样的价格，也心动了吧。zara抄大牌是众所周知了，但其实他家的剪裁很好，我试过买过他的一条裤子，设计真的不错。 hm zara哪个产品更物美价廉? 在价格折扣方面，两家公司也都采用少折扣策略。因两家公司的产品都是“少量、多款”，消费者如不在第一时间购买，就存在着再也买不到的风险，所以往往无法等到季末或岁末打折就会迅速购买。在这方面ZARA的成绩尤为突出，ZARA的打折商品数量平均约占它所有产品总数量的18%左右，约只有竞争者的一半水平。以H&M经营状况最好的2001年为例ZARA平均打折商品占7%，H&M则为13%。 此外，由于H&M售价比ZARA便宜二至三成，虽和ZARA比邻而开，但在价格上，HM显然比ZARA更有杀伤力。而且，HM还有女生最喜欢的发饰、项链、耳环等，这在ZARA店也是没有的。从价格、时尚度、品质三方面来讲，HM很好地平衡了三者间的关系，更加受消费者欢迎。 由此可知，hm zara各有优势，只不过两者的侧重点不同而已。此外，由于这两个品牌价位都比较平民，所以在中国具有较好的“人缘”，每每新店开张或促销，便会引发销售高潮，足见其受欢迎程度。