『壹』 求一篇关于“电子商务对国际贸易的影响”内容的国外学术期刊的英语学术论文或海外研究机构的研究报告！
Introction
It is a new thing for us into the net to buy something before, and worth to show this is a high-tech development of things for our friend. Now in online shopping as downstairs to buy a coke It brings to our life unprecedented convenient This is a type of electronic commerce. E-commerce from ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, simplified for EC .Electronic commerce is the use of simple and quick, low cost of the electronic communications, the buyer and seller is not met with all kinds of commercial activity . In recent years, as the network technology has improved step by step, electronic commerce was also expanded rapidly. Electronic commerce from the first stage to present with amazing speed development.. Its various services, marketing and their constant updates, Its market is increasingly mature.
.History
China's E-commerce began in 1997. Ordering system of Chinese goods （CGOS）, Chinese commodity trading center （ CCEC）, virtual reality "the" large E-commerce projects were launched in 1997, China drew a series of E-commerce In 1998, China began to the internet electronic commerce development China's E-commerce subject is some IT companies and media, they in various ways of E-commerce "enlightenment ecation", stimulating and guide people in E-commerce understanding, interests and needs. In March 1999, 8848 etc B2C sites official opening, online shopping entered application stage May 2000 Excellence nets established and June China set up e-business. In July 2001 E-commerce method was established Since then ,China's E-commerce law perfected graally Electronic commerce is also have a relatively safe guarantee However, with the development of E-commerce applications and depended, with capital market bubble to burst, site E-commerce began to fall into the worst. The traditional enterprises began to enter the field of electronic commerce. During this period, many enterprises have a good dream to develop E-commerce However, it`s not clear for them how to carry out E-commerce. They think that established the site, which launched E-commerce So in this period .The number of domain name registration, website building is growing rapidly, but development of the whole electronic commerce not mature. Now China's E-commerce in full starting and have already proced results Based on the advantage of network of electronic commerce affairs will further develop out.
Status of development of E-commerce in China
According to a survey, the whole country at present have four thousand commercial web sites, including more than 700 online shop E-commerce project is large launch .almost every day have many different kind of Online stores, online mall, online stores, online auction and so on was born. The development of E-commerce regional also from Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and other cities, began to develop in large and medium cities .The American media also pay more attention to development of China`s E-commerce. February 7, the Wall Street journal said
“If your website is not exports to China, you will lose a chance to browse through the worldwide American companies Accenture launched a Chinese landscape and characters in the background of the whole page ads, advertising headlines is simple and clear "to 2007 Chinese would be the no.1 Internet language," Domestic readers may not realize China`s E-commerce is becoming America and global of topic and focus of attention. America's emerging online magazine“ E-commerce Times” said that in recent years have more than 2,600 article special report on China's E-commerce thus，World look to further increase the future of China`s E-commerce
The development of E-commerce obstacles and countermeasures
In 2000, E-commerce encounter winter Us-led developed countries, many E-commerce companies get into trouble. With this trend, the main E-commerce sites of China were in trouble. We have to rethink China's electronic commerce meet the problem of development , And how come true the healthy development of E-commerce.
1.The low of technical level
First, backward of technology in hardware, is also the backward infrastructure. Secondly, the logistics distribution system is not perfect and logistics technology behind .Thirdly, is safety problems. In China, the network technology is relatively backward. E-commerce is originally a new things It is difficult to realize that the security for people. How to effectively prevent hackers and viruses, and improving the technology, is an important issue. Finally, existing payment instrument behind the E-commerce development request .
2. the fault of the economic environment
First come to see the consumer level of income and buying habits gap, According to statistics, the Average disposable income is only one twentieth of the united states, but internet fee was higher than the united states, it increased cost of internet shopping, At the same time, residents' income is low, the consumption is relatively small, f Buying behavior is more careful they often use the traditional purchase, ,. especially in the purchase amount is larger objects are more willing to adopt to go to the store bought directly. Thus hindered the development of E-commerce.
3 Legal question
Although the electronic commerce in the process of the development. our economic law has done a lot of changes But overall it's behind the development of E-commerce,
Some countermeasure and advices
In terms of technology, The government and enterprises and institutions should work to increase their input Promoting scientific and technological innovation, improve E-commerce related technical level. Laws, the government should learn new things and new situation. listen carefully the company and consumer`s option. Establishing a perfect and applicable legal system timely. It can standardized electronic commerce activities quickly Economic environment, first to maintaining rapid economic growth,At the same time, we must standardize the market order. Enterprises, Banks, the government triangular cooperation to establish credibility system. As residents income reached higher level and build up strict credit system conditions Online transactions can become a real way of security trading.
In short, and create good environments for electronic commerce development Needs government, indivials, enterprises, and so on various collaboration It solve the problem radically.
Future development tendency
Longitudinal deepening trend
The development of E-commerce is being perfected Support environment is graally tend to specifications. Enterprise development of E-commerce being further enhance.
Specialization trends
From our perspective the enterprise business of specialization can with higher efficiency and better effect for consumers. Specialized business strategy, should be most traditional enterprise at present in the area of E-commerce business model
Personalized trend
The emergence of the Internet ,provides a more favorable platform for the force of personality and develop of creativity.
International trend
Our professional vertical website opened up new situation of electronic business. The international market highly valued E-commerce market in China. The Chinese market is still a battleground of World E-commerce companies
Regional trend
China's regional economic development is not balanced In the future for quite a long time Internet population is still concentrated in large cities and medium cities and coastal developed areas .B2C E-commerce regional characteristics is very apparent.
Conclusion
Our electronic commerce in spite of starting late .But development situation is very good. If want to graally reced gap with the level of developed countries, we should take relevant measures .For instance ,change the traditional commerce ideas and improve people's commerce knowledge. E-commerce is the development trend of future business .We should absorb foreign experience, walk path of development Enhance the competitiveness of our enterprise. Actively participate in international dialogue and discussion. In electronic commerce development to absorb other country's lesson. Thus speeding up our pace of development of E-commerce.
Reference
『贰』 微波专业天线方向的核心期刊有哪些中英文的最好分开。详细清晰的采纳
中文的（天线学报），开源型的期刊，虽然不是核心，但效果也可以，万方知网都可以查的到
『叁』 新东方英语(中英文版)和(中学生中英文版)有什么区别
你好，这两种杂志我都在市场上见到过，其实区别很简单，《新东方英语（中英文版）》面向大学生或更高水平的读者，而《新东方英语（中学生中英文版）》面向中学生或者相当于中学生水平的英语自学者。
『肆』 电子商务专业学生要学好英语课吗
“电子商务专业英语”课的价值很小，但“英语”的价值巨大。对“英语”本身的学习不能含糊，马虎不得。据说有些院校规定，英语不过四级连学位也拿不到。对电子商务专业学生来说，英语课要当成专业课来学，英语水平应该追求精益求精，理由在于： 首先，英语是国际学术语言，畅销世界的商务、计算机书籍都是英文版，世界一流的学术期刊是英文，如SCI、SSCI等索引期刊。掌握了英语，就 掌握了直接从世界一流大脑获取“思想营养”的工具，至少从思想上能紧跟世界学术前沿，不必等“译本”出现。国际交流，不管商业、文化、体育，说“hello”的时候还是多。 其次，学电子商务，不管走技术和商务的路子，英语好，不亏。想学编程、网络技术的，看不懂专业书刊，怕难学精;打着做生意的，英语好，能直接赚 dollar，何乐而不为?网络的一个优势就是信息传播没边，将商品信息翻成英文，用户群可就扩大到全世界了。英语学成“半瓶水”，遇到老外，他说你听不 懂，你说对方干瞪眼，这买卖非吹不可。 再次，学英语不单是语言本身，必然涉及另外一种文化的学习。有关另外一种文化的历史、地理、科技、艺术、人物、制度、信仰、习俗、习惯等不可不 知。学习这些，对开阔一个人的眼界、拓宽思路、培养创新思维益处多多。大家知道，互联网、电子商务本身就首先兴起于一个英语国家——美国。 能派上这么多用场，英语学好了不白学。相关文章：电子商务专业课程设计应注意什么?怎么看电子商务专业的实践教学体系除了专业书籍，还应该读些什么应该读什么样的电子商务教科书学电子商务，怎么看“教科书”十招通关自考电子商务专业如果我已经学了电子商务专业该怎么办如何理解电子商务是热门专业什么样的“考试”更能体现学生的水平电子商务专业进企业或考公务员的话是否需要某些专门的证书呢更近的文章：国际介入中国电子商务学了这么长时间，咋还搞不清电子商务是干什么的？电子商务专业总的学习方法是什么?喜欢技术，学电子商务可以为自己定位在哪个层次电子商务专业该怎么学技术类课程？怎么看“电子商务安全”课?电子商务专业：“技术基础”课应该学好什么?什么是电子商务专业的必修核心课?和“电子商务”支付有关的内容学什么课学“电子商务法”这门课要注意什么?更早的文章：怎么看电子商务英语课电子商务专业学物流课应该注意什么电子商务专业学网络营销应该注意什么电子商务专业学市场营销应该注意什么?学西方经济学应该注意什么?学“企业管理概论”课应该注意什么“电子商务概论”课应该学好什么?涉及电子商务的这四个层次我都要学吗电子商务到底学什么?看专业杂志，我为何好多术语都不知道
『伍』 chinadaily 有中英文对照的版本吗
没有，建议你最好先读英语周报，他也是份不错的报纸，而且是中英对照的，对难点还有解释。
『陆』 电子商务中英文翻译
日趋完善的电子商务
一．电子商务方兴未艾
当2000年科技泡沫爆发时，备受炒作的网上公司好象随之蒸发了，众多的网上贸易也被迫流产。劫后余生网上公司无一不紧缩商务，好在与日俱增的互联网用户在激励着他们。现在，对网上公司的评价又有所提高了，并且很多.com公司的确也已开始赢利了，但工商界还是谨慎地评价互联网的潜能。尽管如此，有人已大胆的预言：世界上大量经济巨头不久都会以某种方式移师电脑空间。
据商务部不完全统计表明，去年网上零售额增加了26%，达到550亿美元。这听起来的确是一个很大的数目，但这仅相当于全球零售业总额的1.6%。大部分的成年消费者依然习惯于到“砖+混凝土”（bricks-and-mortar）的世界里消费。
其实商务部公布的数字仅涉及部分产业。例如，该数字虽然包括了网上旅游服务，这一电子商务界最成功也是增长最快的行业之一。IAC (InterActiveCorp)，expedia.com 和 hotels.com两个站的拥有者，去年仅它一家就有100亿美元的营业额，包括航空业、宾馆业、出租车公司在内的竞争对手去年网上营业总额也有大幅攀升，但这些网上营业额攀升的企业在商务部的数字中并未得到体现。
同样，商务部的数字也没有包含财经服务、票务代理、网上色情（据<成人视讯（A lt Video News）>（去年美国网上色情业营业额高达20亿美元）等行业在内。另外大量与博彩业相关的商业形为(世界范围内的网上博彩业营业额高达60亿美元)也没有提及。
二、冰山之一角
另外，商务部的数字虽然包括了拍卖网站的利润，却没有包含所拍卖成交货物的价值在内，据估算，其价值高达数百亿美元。去年仅eBay这家最大的拍卖网站出手的货物价值就高达240亿美元。按照商务部的界定，数十亿美元的成交货物总价值是没有包括其中的，况且很多B2B模式的商贸形为都是不公开的，例如Wal-Mart公司就明确地告诫其供货商，若想成为其2500亿美元的营业额的一部分，必需采用自己的运转体系。
由以上数字可以看出，电子商务已是很有规模了，并且正在发展壮大。但是网上交易额正受到离线交易的冲击，而离线交易又是电子商务的一个重要组成部分。
互联网正深深地改变着消费者的消费行为。目前，有1/5的美国人在到商店购买电子产品前，会先到网上去查询其最低价，以节省哪怕一毛钱。更让人吃惊的是，有3/4的美国人在购买新汽车时也会首先想到互联网，即使最后成交仍可能是用传统的方式---从经销商那购买，但他们会到网上去了解有关要购汽车的各种信息，并选定网上推荐的最好的经销商。有时，他们还会到相关网站上去打印自己感兴趣的汽车的图片等资料作参考。
作为资深调查顾问的Forrester先生提供的图表显示，在欧洲6亿消费者中，有半数采取在网上查询商品信息，然后离线购买的方式来消费（见图1）。当然不同国家又有不同的消费习惯，例如在意大利和西班牙，采取在网上查询然后离线购买的人数大约是网上直接购买的两倍。但在德国和英国这两个最发达的网络国家里，二者基本相当。Forrester称，人们从网上购物一般都是从一些简单的物品开始的，如DVD光盘，然后向较复杂的商品过渡。在美国，二手汽车是一个增长最快的一个领域。
如果网站的顾客导购做的成功的话，人们看来是乐意采取网上购物方式的，现在网站正在变的越来越明智，它们给顾客更多更实在的服务。在不久的将来，网上购物占人们购物总额的比例肯定会有大的提高。
三、网站的作用
网站建设对商业行为来说意义重大。一个不注重网站建设的公司无异于是在商战中自杀。即便公司并不从事网上交易，网站也会成为人们了解其商标、产品及服务的门户。在电脑空间，一个无价值的网站往往预示着一个无价值的公司，他只会在人们的鼠标点击下被无情舍弃。所以一个成功的公司一定要建成一个优秀的网站，以确保它能出现在每次搜索结果的前列。
对很多用户而言，一个搜索站点往往是他们进入互联网的切入点。全球知名的搜索引擎早已进入当代词典：人们会说他“Googled”了一个公司，一个产品或是一个管道工。这种搜索行为也成为了互联网上最有成效的广告途径之一。并且这也是接近青少年这一顾客群体最好的方式，因为他们花在互联网上的时间远远超过看电视的时间。所有这些都说明，网上搜索成了互联网的一下个战场，例如，Google就是依赖其优异的搜索功能来抗衡Yahoo! 和 Microsoft。
另一条忠告就是公司最好在一家已拥有相当访问量的网站上登载自己的商品及服务。Ebay、Yahoo、Amazon正在某些方面成为众多公司的展示自己商品的巨大平台，不过一个公司要参与到这个平台中来，则必需经得住激烈的价格战。网上消费者往往会拿商品网上报价与当地商店里作一比较，甚至会与别的国家的售价进行比较，即使网上销售在境外是被禁止的，也会有大量的基于网站销售方式的业主积极去运作。
芝加哥Kellogg管理学院的科技教授 Mohanbir Sawhney说，我们应清楚现今消费者购物行为的改变。例如，某人想买一部数字照相机，他会先到附近的商店里去考察实物，选好型号后，他会和售货员说：“我回去考虑一下再来”，然后他回家就会到网上去查该型号相机的最低售价，然后在网上订购。所以从这个意义上说，消费者已不再遵从传统的购物流程。
四、电子商务时代的消费者
不只是互联网上透明的价格使得消费者成为强势群体，网络也使得他们成为“薄情”一族，如果他们不喜欢某一网站则会毫不犹豫地离开。“网络是世界上最自私的场所”，Yahoo!执行总裁Daniel Rosensweig 称，“人们应用互联网可谓，随时、随地、随人所欲”。
象Yahoo!这样，致力于寻找并提供客户需要的各种信息的网站并不在少数（Yahoo!每月据称有2。6亿访问者）。消费者最关心的就是最详实的商品名录及其报价，Amazon执行总裁Jeff Bezos说：“我们经营的基础是消费者的信任”。Amazon现在已是世界闻名的图书经销商，以前它也曾在网上销售过其它产品，例如保健品、珠宝和精选的食品。Bezos先生认为除仓储超市里那些体积大价格低的物品外，他们甚至可以出售一切，这也是数以百万计的消费者选择eBay的原因。
即便如此，没有人会认为传统意义的商店可以消失，特别是那些“投机”性更强的领域。许多“砖+混凝土”的商店仍有着不凡的业绩，例如杂货市场等，但象音像和旅游市场则受到了来自互联网实实在在的冲击。作为互联网上最大的旅游代理商的Expedia旅游公司，其老板声称未来美国民众网上预订旅游服务的比例，将会从如今的20%上升到50%。Bezos先生估计未来十年网上零售业将会达到零售总额的10-15%，并将深刻地改变人们的消费观念。
面对来势汹汹的网上营销，传统的商场将如何应对呢？Dell计算机公司的创始人Michael Dell先生，一直领导个人计算机的直销市场，他认为凭借各层销售商店去出售计算机的方式只能进陈列馆作为古董了，Dell采用的直销方式已收到了良好的效果。近来，Apple 和Sony的专卖店计划展示全部可以在网上查到的该品牌商品，也是应对措施之一。从长远看，网上和离线销售方式也必将融合，传统商店也将成为多种销售手段并存的集合体：打印出的商品名录、家庭电视直销、电视订货以及电子商务网站具全。但从消费者角度来说，从网上订货还是他们最为乐意的消费方式。
网上销售最大的优势就在于其低价，这是因为网上商品没有多层中转，于是也就没有多层加价，它们一般都是直接从生产厂家直接到消费者。如果在互联网上消费者可以买到最低价格的商品并能得到最好的服务，还会有人去其它地方购物吗？
当然，消费才在网上购物时，可能会面对欺诈行为。但随着互联网的发展，它传递商品信息速度进一步加快，加上提供同一商品的多家网站必然会考虑自己的长远发展，而争相提供准确翔实的商品信息和价格，并提供优质服务，以抓住更多的用户。所以网上市场肯定会越来越完善。
A perfect market
May 13th 2004
From The Economist print edition
E-commerce is coming of age, says Paul Markillie, but not in the way predicted in the bubble years
WHEN the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded. The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of internet users. Now valuations are rising again and some of the dotcoms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internet’s potential. The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boom—namely, that vast chunks of the world economy would move into cyberspace—are, in one way or another, coming true.
The raw numbers tell only part of the story. According to America’s Department of Commerce, online retail sales in the world’s biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55 billion. That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of total retail sales. The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old “bricks-and-mortar” world.
But the commerce department’s figures deal with only part of the retail instry. For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-commerce. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of expedia.com and hotels.com, alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last year—and it has plenty of competition, not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies, all of which increasingly sell online.
Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Alt Video News, a trade magazine), online dating and a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide). They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the online pharmacies that are thought to be responsible for a good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-price prescription drugs from across the border in Canada.
Tip of the iceberg
And there is more. The commerce department’s figures include the fees earned by internet auction sites, but not the value of goods that are sold: an astonishing $24 billion-worth of trade was done last year on eBay, the biggest online auctioneer. Nor, by definition, do they include the billions of dollars-worth of goods bought and sold by businesses connecting to each other over the internet. Some of these B2B services are proprietary; for example, Wal-Mart tells its suppliers that they must use its own system if they want to be part of its annual turnover of $250 billion.
So e-commerce is already very big, and it is going to get much bigger. But the actual value of transactions currently concluded online is dwarfed by the extraordinary influence the internet is exerting over purchases carried out in the offline world. That influence is becoming an integral part of e-commerce.
To start with, the internet is profoundly changing consumer behaviour. One in five customers walking into a Sears department store in America to buy an electrical appliance will have researched their purchase online—and most will know down to a dime what they intend to pay. More surprisingly, three out of four Americans start shopping for new cars online, even though most end up buying them from traditional dealers. The difference is that these customers come to the showroom armed with information about the car and the best available deals. Sometimes they even have computer print-outs identifying the particular vehicle from the dealer’s stock that they want to buy.
Half of the 60m consumers in Europe who have an internet connection bought procts offline after having investigated prices and details online, according to a study by Forrester, a research consultancy (see chart 1). Different countries have different habits. In Italy and Spain, for instance, people are twice as likely to buy offline as online after researching on the internet. But in Britain and Germany, the two most developed internet markets, the numbers are evenly split. Forrester says that people begin to shop online for simple, predictable procts, such as DVDs, and then graate to more complex items. Used-car sales are now one of the biggest online growth areas in America.
People seem to enjoy shopping on the internet, if high customer-satisfaction scores are any guide. Websites are doing ever more and cleverer things to serve and entertain their customers, and seem set to take a much bigger share of people’s overall spending in the future.
Why websites matter
This has enormous implications for business. A company that neglects its website may be committing commercial suicide. A website is increasingly becoming the gateway to a company’s brand, procts and services—even if the firm does not sell online. A useless website suggests a useless company, and a rival is only a mouse-click away. But even the coolest website will be lost in cyberspace if people cannot find it, so companies have to ensure that they appear high up in internet search results.
For many users, a search site is now their point of entry to the internet. The best-known search engine has already entered the lexicon: people say they have “Googled” a company, a proct or their plumber. The search business has also developed one of the most effective forms of advertising on the internet. And it is already the best way to reach some consumers: teenagers and young men spend more time online than watching television. All this means that search is turning into the internet’s next big battleground as Google defends itself against challenges from Yahoo! and Microsoft.
The other way to get noticed online is to offer goods and services through one of the big sites that already get a lot of traffic. Ebay, Yahoo! and Amazon are becoming huge trading platforms for other companies. But to take part, a company’s procts have to stand up to intense price competition. People check online prices, compare them with those in their local high street and may well take a peek at what customers in other countries are paying. Even if websites are prevented from shipping their goods abroad, there are plenty of web-based entrepreneurs ready to oblige.
What is going on here is arbitrage between different sales channels, says Mohanbir Sawhney, professor of technology at the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago. For instance, someone might use the internet to research digital cameras, but visit a photographic shop for a hands-on demonstration. “I’ll think about it,” they will tell the sales assistant. Back home, they will use a search engine to find the lowest price and buy online. In this way, consumers are “deconstructing the purchasing process”, says Professor Sawhney. They are unbundling proct information from the transaction itself.
All about me
It is not only price transparency that makes internet consumers so powerful; it is also the way the net makes it easy for them to be fickle. If they do not like a website, they swiftly move on. “The web is the most selfish environment in the world,” says Daniel Rosensweig, chief operating officer of Yahoo! “People want to use the internet whenever they want, how they want and for whatever they want.”
Yahoo! is not alone in defining its strategy as working out what its customers (260m unique users every month) are looking for, and then trying to give it to them. The first thing they want is to become better informed about procts and prices. “We operate our business on that belief,” says Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s chief executive. Amazon became famous for books, but long ago branched out into selling lots of other things too; among its latest ventures are health procts, jewellery and gourmet food. Apart from cheap and bulky items such as garden rakes, Mr Bezos thinks he can sell most things. And so do the millions of people who use eBay.
And yet nobody thinks real shops are finished, especially those operating in niche markets. Many bricks-and-mortar bookshops still make a good living, as do flea markets. But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher time. Erik Blachford, the head of IAC’s travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet travel agent, thinks online travel bookings in America could quickly move from 20% of the market to more than half. Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15% of retail sales over the next decade. That would represent a massive shift in spending.
How will traditional shops respond? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads the personal-computer market by selling direct to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into showrooms. There are already signs of change on the high street. The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed to display procts, in the full expectation that many people will buy online. To some extent, the online and offline worlds may merge. Multi-channel selling could involve a combination of traditional shops, a printed catalogue, a home-shopping channel on TV, a phone-in order service and an e-commerce-enabled website. But often it is likely to be the website where customers will be encouraged to place their orders.
One of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the consumer. So, if the lowest prices can be found on the internet and people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else?
One reason may be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the biggest threat to online trade. But as long as the internet continues to deliver price and proct information quickly, cheaply and securely, e-commerce will continue to grow. Increasingly, companies will have to assume that customers will know exactly where to look for the best buy. This market has the potential to become as perfect as it gets.
『柒』 医学期刊有没有中英文对照版的
常用临床医学英文缩写中英文对照
AB 实际碳酸氢盐
ACEI 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂
ACT 激活凝血时间
AG 离子间隙
AMI 急性心梗
ANA 抗核抗体
ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征
ASO 抗链球菌溶血素“0”
ATP 三磷酸腺苷
AVNRT 房室结折返性心动过速
AVRT 房室折返性心动过速
BB 缓冲碱
BEE 基础能量消耗
BT 出血时间
BuN 尿素氮
C3 补体C3
CBC 血常规
CCU 心血管监护室
CHE 胆碱酯酶
CK 肌酸磷酸激酶
CPAP 持续正压通气
CPR 心肺复苏
CT 凝血时间
CVP 中心静脉压
DBP 舒张压
DCT 双氢克尿噻
DIC 弥散性血管内凝血
DM 舒张期杂音
EF 射血分数
ENT 耳鼻喉科(五官科)
FDP 纤维蛋白原降解产物
FUO 不明原因发热
GNS 葡萄糖生理氯化钠溶液
Hb 血红蛋白
HCO3- 碳酸氢根
HCT 红细胞比容
HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒
Holter 24h动态心电图
IABP 主动脉内气囊反搏术
IHSS 特发性肥厚型主动脉瓣下狭窄
INR 国际标准比率
IU 国际单位
KPTT 部分凝血活酶时间
KUB 腹部平片
LDH 乳酸脱氢酶
NS 生理氯化钠溶液
NTG 硝酸甘油
OB 隐油
P(A-a)O2 肺泡气-动脉血氧分压差
P2 肺动脉第二心音
PaCO2 动脉二氧化碳分压
PAMPA 氨甲苯酸
PaO2 动脉氧分压
PCAP 肺小动脉压
PCWP 肺毛细血管压
PEEP 呼气末正压
pH 酸碱度
PPD 结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物
Prn 必要时
PT 凝血酶原时间
qh 每小时1次
qid 每天4次
qn 每晚1次
qod 隔日1次
RF 类风湿因子
RI 胰岛素
RR 呼吸频率
S3 第3心音
S4 第4心音
SaO2 血氧饱和度
SB 标准碳酸氢盐
SBE 亚急性细菌性心内膜炎
SBP 收缩压
SGOT 血清谷草转氨酶
SGPT 血清谷丙转氨酶
SK 链激酶
SM 收缩期杂音
T3 三碘甲状原氨酸
T4 甲状腺素
TAT 抗蛇毒血清
TIL 短暂脑缺血发作
tid 每天3次
t-PA 组织型纤溶酶原激活物
TPN 全肠道外营养
TSH 促甲状腺激素
UK 尿激酶
V/Q 通气/灌注比
VMA 香草基杏仁酸
『捌』 跪求电子商务英文原文及中文翻译，急在线等！
本书第一版在2003年出版以来，受到师生的极度好评，被很多学校的电子商务及其他管理类专业选做教材。为了更好地满足师生的需要，紧跟电子商务实践的发展，作者对本书进行了修订。在第2版中，每篇文章仍然按照英文原文、中文译文、单词和词组、注释、练习题这样的结构来安排，非常适合学生学习使用。对原版中的一些文章进行了替换，并加入了新的阅读材料，以体现电子商务领域涌现出的新的热点话题。所选取的文章基本涵盖了电子商务的主要领域，这些文章难度适中，语言流畅，既具有很强的专业性又具有很好的可读性，在帮助学生巩固所学电子商务专业知识的同时，提高其英语水平。
The first edition of this book has been published in 2003, the highly praised by teachers and students, many schools and other e-commerce and management professionals to do the election materials. In order to better meet the needs of teachers and students, closely follow the development of e-commerce practice, the author of the book has been revised. In the second edition, each article is still in accordance with the original English text, the Chinese translation of words and phrases, notes that such a practice to structure arrangements, it is ideal for students learning to use. Some of the original article in a replacement and to add a new reading materials to reflect the area of electronic commerce emerged in the new hot topic. Selected articles covering the main areas of e-commerce, these articles moderate difficulty, language fluency, and both are highly professional and well readability with the help students consolidate the expertise of e-commerce at the same time, raise Their English proficiency.