『壹』 求助 一篇有关电子商务的英文文献
一篇电子商务英文文献(The development of e-commerce )-
A perfect market
May 13th 2004
From The Economist print edition
E-commerce is coming of age, says Paul Markillie, but not in the way predicted in the bubble years
WHEN the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded. The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of internet users. Now valuations are rising again and some of the dotcoms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internet’ potential. The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boom—namely, that vast chunks of the world economy would move into cyberspace—are, in one way or another, coming true.
The raw numbers tell only part of the story. According to America’s Department of Commerce, online retail sales in the world’s biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55 billion. That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of total retail sales. The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old “bricks-and-mortar” world.
But the commerce department’s figures deal with only part of the retail instry. For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-commerce. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of expedia.com and hotels.com, alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last year—and it has plenty of competition, not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies, all of which increasingly sell online.
Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Alt Video News, a trade magazine), online dating and a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide). They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the online pharmacies that are thought to be responsible for a good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-price prescription drugs from across the border in Canada.
Tip of the iceberg
And there is more. The commerce department’s figures include the fees earned by internet auction sites, but not the value of goods that are sold: an astonishing $24 billion-worth of trade was done last year on eBay, the biggest online auctioneer. Nor, by definition, do they include the billions of dollars-worth of goods bought and sold by businesses connecting to each other over the internet. Some of these B2B services are proprietary; for example, Wal-Mart tells its suppliers that they must use its own system if they want to be part of its annual turnover of $250 billion.
So e-commerce is already very big, and it is going to get much bigger. But the actual value of transactions currently concluded online is dwarfed by the extraordinary influence the internet is exerting over purchases carried out in the offline world. That influence is becoming an integral part of e-commerce.
To start with, the internet is profoundly changing consumer behaviour. One in five customers walking into a Sears department store in America to buy an electrical appliance will have researched their purchase online—and most will know down to a dime what they intend to pay. More surprisingly, three out of four Americans start shopping for new cars online, even though most end up buying them from traditional dealers. The difference is that these customers come to the showroom armed with information about the car and the best available deals. Sometimes they even have computer print-outs identifying the particular vehicle from the dealer’s stock that they want to buy.
Half of the 60m consumers in Europe who have an internet connection bought procts offline after having investigated prices and details online, according to a study by Forrester, a research consultancy (see chart 1). Different countries have different habits. In Italy and Spain, for instance, people are twice as likely to buy offline as online after researching on the internet. But in Britain and Germany, the two most developed internet markets, the numbers are evenly split. Forrester says that people begin to shop online for simple, predictable procts, such as DVDs, and then graate to more complex items. Used-car sales are now one of the biggest online growth areas in America.
People seem to enjoy shopping on the internet, if high customer-satisfaction scores are any guide. Websites are doing ever more and cleverer things to serve and entertain their customers, and seem set to take a much bigger share of people’s overall spending in the future.
Why websites matter
This has enormous implications for business. A company that neglects its website may be committing commercial suicide. A website is increasingly becoming the gateway to a company’s brand, procts and services—even if the firm does not sell online. A useless website suggests a useless company, and a rival is only a mouse-click away. But even the coolest website will be lost in cyberspace if people cannot find it, so companies have to ensure that they appear high up in internet search results.
For many users, a search site is now their point of entry to the internet. The best-known search engine has already entered the lexicon: people say they have “Googled” a company, a proct or their plumber. The search business has also developed one of the most effective forms of advertising on the internet. And it is already the best way to reach some consumers: teenagers and young men spend more time online than watching television. All this means that search is turning into the internet’s next big battleground as Google defends itself against challenges from Yahoo! and Microsoft.
The other way to get noticed online is to offer goods and services through one of the big sites that already get a lot of traffic. Ebay, Yahoo! and Amazon are becoming huge trading platforms for other companies. But to take part, a company’s procts have to stand up to intense price competition. People check online prices, compare them with those in their local high street and may well take a peek at what customers in other countries are paying. Even if websites are prevented from shipping their goods abroad, there are plenty of web-based entrepreneurs ready to oblige.
What is going on here is arbitrage between different sales channels, says Mohanbir Sawhney, professor of technology at the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago. For instance, someone might use the internet to research digital cameras, but visit a photographic shop for a hands-on demonstration. “I’ll think about it,” they will tell the sales assistant. Back home, they will use a search engine to find the lowest price and buy online. In this way, consumers are “deconstructing the purchasing process”, says Professor Sawhney. They are unbundling proct information from the transaction itself.
All about me
It is not only price transparency that makes internet consumers so powerful; it is also the way the net makes it easy for them to be fickle. If they do not like a website, they swiftly move on. “The web is the most selfish environment in the world,” says Daniel Rosensweig, chief operating officer of Yahoo! “People want to use the internet whenever they want, how they want and for whatever they want.”
Yahoo! is not alone in defining its strategy as working out what its customers (260m unique users every month) are looking for, and then trying to give it to them. The first thing they want is to become better informed about procts and prices. “We operate our business on that belief,” says Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s chief executive. Amazon became famous for books, but long ago branched out into selling lots of other things too; among its latest ventures are health procts, jewellery and gourmet food. Apart from cheap and bulky items such as garden rakes, Mr Bezos thinks he can sell most things. And so do the millions of people who use eBay.
And yet nobody thinks real shops are finished, especially those operating in niche markets. Many bricks-and-mortar bookshops still make a good living, as do flea markets. But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher time. Erik Blachford, the head of IAC’s travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet travel agent, thinks online travel bookings in America could quickly move from 20% of the market to more than half. Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15% of retail sales over the next decade. That would represent a massive shift in spending.
How will traditional shops respond? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads the personal-computer market by selling direct to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into showrooms. There are already signs of change on the high street. The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed to display procts, in the full expectation that many people will buy online. To some extent, the online and offline worlds may merge. Multi-channel selling could involve a combination of traditional shops, a printed catalogue, a home-shopping channel on TV, a phone-in order service and an e-commerce-enabled website. But often it is likely to be the website where customers will be encouraged to place their orders.
One of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the consumer. So, if the lowest prices can be found on the internet and people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else?
One reason may be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the biggest threat to online trade. But as long as the internet continues to deliver price and proct information quickly, cheaply and securely, e-commerce will continue to grow. Increasingly, companies will have to assume that customers will know exactly where to look for the best buy. This market has the potential to become as perfect as it gets.
[1]Singh M P， An Evolutionary Look at E-Commerce， IEEE Internet Computing，2001.5，P77～78
[2]Rabinovitch E, The state of E-commerce, IEEE Communications magazine,2001.3,P12～12
[3]Amit R, Zott C. Value creation in e-business. Strategic Management Journal 2001;22:493–520
『贰』 求一电子商务的外文文献
题目1：Electronic Commerce in Developing Countries 链接1： http://www.petersoninstitute.org/publications/wp/00-3.pdf 题目2：Privacy in Electronic Commerce and the Economics of Immediate Gratification 链接2： http://www.heinz.cmu.e/~acquisti/papers/privacy-gratification.pdf 题目3：THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 链接3：URL http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/3/12/1944883.pdf 题目4：Transatlantic Issues in Electronic Commerce 链接4： http://www.iie.com/publications/wp/00-7.pdf 找了很久，以下这个模板不错 http://www.wimb.cn/mb/1/show-2038.html http://v.buhen.com 《现代企业信息化经典教材2008版之——供应链的电子商务平台》《百家讲坛—玄奘西游记》《2008最新商务机关创建节能型机关方案与强制采购节能产品制度及清单制定规范实务全书》
『叁』 求一篇关于【特色农产品电子商务发展】的3000词汇以上的外文文献，要有文献出处，要有作者。
特色农产品电子商务发展
^_^亲，说实话，能完全满足你的需求的文章，估计很难版找，除非你运气好权，碰到一个刚好有的人，并且他愿意给你（一般自己写的东西都不太愿意给别人的）。
我建议：你自己在知网/万方/维普/龙源期刊/豆丁/网络文库/道客巴巴上搜索，搜你想要的资料，比如搜主题“”
搜到之后，自己整理一下就差不多了。
如果搜到的资料你下载不了的话，我可以帮你！见我的名字！
『肆』 有关农产品电子商务的英文文献急需
你好，抄请认准正确答案下载附件，农产品电子商务的英文外文文献已上传，寻找不易，望及时采纳答案哦！
作者：Leroux N, Wortman M S, Mathias E D.
文题：Dominant factors impacting the development of business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce in agriculture
期刊：The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 2001, 4(2): 205-218.
『伍』 求两篇关于电子商务英文参考文献
http://59.42.244.59/Readers/Index.aspx
http://www.nstl.gov.cn/index.html
『陆』 高分急求！！！！！！！！谁能帮我找2篇有关农产品品牌建设 或者农产品品牌的 或者区域品牌的 外文文献
农产品品牌相关英文文献，点击下载
Farmer-owned brands?
DJ Hayes, SH Lence.,Agribusiness, 2004
http://www.agmrc.org/media/cms/CARD02BP39_5AFB75A83D43C.pdf
Country of Origin as a Brand: The case of New Zealand lamb
RL Clemens, BA Babcock - 2004
http://card.iastate.e/publications/DBS/PDFFiles/04mbp9.pdf
『柒』 求一篇关于电子商务方面的外文文献要求是外国人写的，有作者，出处和中文翻译。答谢100财富
自己查数据库吧，我网络空间里有一些查数据库的免费帐号，可以自己去下载文献。
『捌』 目前中国搞农产品网络营销研究的权威人物有哪些，国外的研究现状是怎样的
农业电子商务充满商机，农产品网络营销待发展。
十年前，对大多数市民来说，网购还只是个新名词，在商家眼里，网上交易犹如海市蜃楼可望而不可及。有多少人能想到，2004年名不见经传的淘宝网，仅仅用了4年，销售额就突破400亿元人民币，且持续5年以高于100%速度增长，近十倍于同期全国社会消费品零售总额增幅。同期大型连锁零售企业40%的年增幅与淘宝网相比，只相当于尾数。淘宝网销售额2005年超越了沃尔玛，2006年超越了家乐福，2007年甚至超越了沃尔玛与家乐福之和，2009年的年交易额超过2000亿元，2010年有望超3000亿元。对于绝大多数消费者和网商来说，它简直就是个奇迹，是个神话。
互联网的日益普及、网民的更加成熟拓展了电子商务的发展空间。从1996年我国正式开通intnet那天起，网络电子商务就开始萌芽发展，经过2000年到2003年的冰冻调整期、2004到2006年的复苏回暖期，2007年起进入了高速发展期。即使在国际金融危机时期，电子商务仍然显示了巨大的发展优势和市场潜力。据CNNIC(中国互联网信息中心)统计数据，2010年10月底，中国网民规模达到4.46亿，互联网普及率攀升至33%;预计2010年电子商务交易总额将达到4.2万亿元，其中B2B交易额3.8万亿元，网购交易额4300亿元(网购交易额2007、2008、2009年连续3年以超过100%的速度增长)。网上支付、网络购物和网上银行半年用户增长率均在30%左右，预计这几年，人数还将上升。
[探索]
农业电子商务充满生机
农业电子商务的发展速度与一些优势行业比较相对滞后，究其原因主要有以下三个方面：一是当前农业生产集约化程度不高，农业电子商务参与主体相对规模较小，导致经营成本过高;二是部分鲜活农产品物流运输要求比较高，操作的难度较大;三是农产品利润比较低，对风险投资和商业资本的吸引力不强。但发展农业电子商务，作为提高农业信息化水平的一项重要内容，越来越受到政府部门的重视。今年下半年，工信部、农业部等五部季联合发布了《农业农村信息化行动计划(2010-2012)》，文件除了提出加快农村信息基础设施建设外，还专门制定了农业电子商务拓展计划，国家对农业信息化的扶持力度可谓前所未有。除此之外，农业标准化的逐步完善、农产品冷物流体系的发展、网上银行和电子支付的日益普及，也为农业电子商务的发展提供了有力的保障，发展农业电子商务外部环境日益成熟，农业电子商务的春天为时不远。
与其他行业一样，经过长期探索与实践，农业电子商务领域也涌现了一批成功的案例。在B2B领域，有农业部建设的《中国农业信息网商务版》，商务部建设的《新农村商网》。《“菜篮子”信息网》已联网310多家产销地批发市场，每天采集肉、蛋、鱼、果、蔬菜等348个品种的批发价格，为社会公众服务。这些网站集成农产品信息发布、咨询互动、购销对接等板块，同时发布TV版本与数字电视整合，农民坐在家里就可以查询农产品供求信息，足不出户销售自己生产的农产品。一些地区也借助淘宝网C2C平台打响了当地农特产品牌，如现在家喻户晓的河南新郑好想你红枣、铁观音茶等。
随着三网融合进程不断推进，农村信息化服务网络不断完善，农业信息化“最后一公里”瓶颈难题有望彻底得到破解，农村信息服务网络将直接延伸到乡镇农服中心、中介组织、龙头企业、批发市场、乡村以及经纪人、种养大户。畅通的全方位立体化信息高速公路将为农业电子商务普及扫清最后的障碍。
[实践]
大力发展宜兴农产品网络营销
我市位于江苏省南部，农业发达，特产丰富。全市现有农产品加工企业400多家，规模农业基地800多家，种养专业户1000多家。为促进我市农业电子商务快速发展，让优质农产品走上网络销售这条快车道。市农林局将市内优质农产品生产企业集中起来抱团发展，专门建设了农特产网络商城——天绿农特产网，以此作为展示本市优质农产品的窗口，集中优势资源，加快优化推广天绿网，整体提升了我市农特产在全国市场上的竞争力。
政府牵头、农企参与，形成网络营销格局。2010年5月份，市农林局按照农业部“政府主导、社会参与、市场运作、农民受益”的原则，牵头部分农业龙头企业，召开了“宜兴市天绿优质农产品营销网”建设工作会议，分析研究了农产品电子商务的发展现状。经过详尽的调查与研究，决定组建“宜兴天绿优质农产品营销公司”。期间委托专业公司开发B2C商城“天绿商城”(天绿农特产网)，在淘宝C2C平台开设了天绿淘宝旗舰店。在市区开设了实体专营店。实体店的设立，既作为网络销售仓储，又是对网络销售的一种补充，更是网络销售公司强有力的保障。
“天绿商城”以实体店+网上商城相结合，营销采用直销+分销模式，通过一系列商业化运作，最终在全国打响了宜兴“天绿”优质农特产品。
大力宣传、积极促销，围绕市场逐步推开。“天绿农特产网”在2010年7月份正式运行以来，受到了各级领导的重视与支持。《无锡日报》、《宜兴日报》等多家媒体进行了一系列深度报道。
在迎中秋佳节时，天绿网及淘宝店打出“迎中秋、庆国庆，天绿商城秒杀优惠大促销”的口号，推出各类有针对性的礼包组合，并用一些产品进行低价促销及提供一些休闲小食品等一系列手段，借助中秋节这个有利时机，在网络销售上打开了一片市场。短短几个月，实体店月成交5万元，网上交易月超1万元。
立足本地、面向全国，做强做大天绿品牌。网商要做大，最关键是要树立自己的品牌。天绿网要做强，就要充分利用网络营销技术，重点进行品牌推介。一是在产品经营层面上，以品牌经营为重点，联合我市规模农企，整合小规模基地，打造一个轻资产结构、重营销网络的核心企业集团。二是以资本运营为手段，吸收社会资本和风险投资的加盟，壮大天绿公司实力，架设农产品生产全程产业链。三是根据市场需求，鼓励企业开发市场消费量大的产品，引领企业生产技术含量高、附加值高的农产品。四是专业策划天绿网络推介活动：在谷歌、网络等搜索引擎和知名门户网站做关键词、广告展位和链接交换等推广，合理分析关键词价位、适时投放广告，边投放边测试，以求取得资金最高回报率。五是灵活采用多种网络营销模式。天绿网采用直销+分销模式运行。网站在设计时已整合了强大的分销功能，即实施会员制和代理制两种模式。六是实施对天绿网升级工程，整合成B2B2C综合网站。运用天绿网整合的B2B板块进行网销，同时免费给农业企业、种养大户、农业专业户等提供农产品供需信息发布服务，使天绿真正成为双向互动多功能的农业电子商务网站。