⑴ 求一篇市場營銷策略,要求三千漢字.中英文對照翻譯.三個常用的名詞分開論述。。。.在線等。。。
你得先找到2000左右的英文單詞，然後再找人翻譯出來才可以完成的。 我做翻譯很久了，沒畢專業的時候就在屬幫人免費翻譯，畢業了就去了翻譯公司呆了幾年，現在自由的譯員，有自己的店子，一些翻譯可以直接找到我的，不需要再找大的機構然後再找我們來翻譯的。
⑵ 關於會展場館的三千字英文文章
你的題目太模糊了！！你網路HI我。
我以前寫的你能看懂嗎？
United Kingdom Sheffield City stadium mansion: Grasp match thing turning point , make the managerial body
Sheffield is the first sports city of United Kingdom , general headquarter of United Kingdom sports council is also set up in here. It has had age-old sports history , has owned two football clubs now , has bought and five cattle of our
country Cheng team , has become friendship with Cheng city, in the field has had broader cooperation much. Sheffield is still a world Sinuoke championship contest's holding a field , international bowling open tournament Pond Forge also in here holds.
Most of sports of this city facilities is to what constuct with by the Universiade in 1991 , is able to accommodate 25,000 people if Don Valley International Athletic Stadium is maximal open-air United Kingdom gym,Pond Forge is that United Kingdom Olympiad represents training base of diver of team then now , the excellent athlete who has attracted many trains here.
Xiefeier is morals the international mansion managerial body (be called SIV for short under Sheffield International Venue) is maximal sports of Europe , the company who lies fallow with entertainment mansion administration. Be Corp.'s turn to be to be founded to manage mansion left over from Sheffield Universiade in 1991 , appertain to Sheffield city foundation (Sheffield City Trust) , 14 heavy section sports , the facilities lying fallow reaching entertainment being managing Sheffield City. Medium Europe only having 500,000 population in one cities , 20 million pound sterlings , accomplishment got by SIV receiving 4 million consumers , annual turnovers every year make people focus attention upon. The SIV expert expresses , the stadium mansion that SIV manages invests in without exception by the government, and SIV all asks the amount of money that funds subsidizes to negotiate with the government every year at present; SIV be in charge of a mansion manage, make a mansion achieve added value is value-keeping purpose basically,
And accomplish what be managed the mansion is maintained maintenance the target that the sum expands; Mansion on the scene manage tax revenue aspect enjoyment is preferential measures; Salary of SIV administration president payment is ascertained that by Sheffield city foundation.
The Sheffield city fund is managed by 12 trustee member , among them, 6 congressmen of lower house who are a constituency by the representative choose creation , 6 are to chosen creation by Sheffield labour union besides. Foundation is responsible from two method: SIV and the Sheffield municipal government, both most activity of foundation and stadium mansion administration business entrust SIV by managing a contract. SIV is managing subcompany of all foundation being responsible , Sheffield is still having finance and is managing an agreement between the municipal government , foundation and SIV.
Sheffield city fund target:
· provides lying fallow and public welfare of mansion equipment be used for Sheffield resident of a city;
· strengthens body constitution of Sheffield resident of a city;
·The protection sum encouraging art and the history building makes use of .
Xiefeier is morals the international mansion managerial body target:
· attracts more customers;
· excavates the indivial potential;
· maximizes economy influence;
· improves the city image;
· undertakes the international and activities such as in the homeland sports , music, as well as (exceed 2000 time every year) the commerce activity and the corporation use personal influence.
The Sheffield City stadium mansion manages a general situation:
1 stadium mansion group resembles basically mark for two: Synthesize the group training a mansion of the same class of the same class (Chinese similar training base); One kind is a playing field mansion. 2 functions have three kinds mainly: Rent first to special field sport team training (be a national team mainly); Two is to open to the outside world to the community , to serve for the resident of a city (including holding training class of all kinds); Three are to rent give national grade motion association to handle official business. Lay stress on (if project ball that state-class special field team suitable trains resembles) a key project when the mansion constructs field , give consideration to comprehensiveness (other moves a project if boxing , convention, banquet and resident of a city body-building project badminton , gymnasium , training etc.), equipment is first-rate (international megagame standard space and supporting facilities, service is completed with all that is desired if the natatorium pool bottom entirety depends on water pressure to may fall to 2 underwater rice) 0 meters from water surface, (including meal drink , medical treatment, all facilities deformed men are all usage). The mansion embodies a functionality , not luxurious.
3 operates a pattern: The mansion belongs to United Kingdom country sports organization possessions , Xiefeier daily operation is entrusted is morals the international mansion managerial body is in motion and does business. 4 is in motion and does business condition: The mansion has 1) competition to exercise weekly equally or the match thing holds, for example convention , marriage celebration , banquet , training etc. 2) gym hold 30 ice hockey matches every year other match is engaged in 20 field , more than 100 concert every year. 3) ice hockey mansions training mansion has 1000 people to come to train weekly , females among them account for 70%, training class 9 distinguishes from mark set, above the annual block of wood less than 200,000 being trained and being training , being opening 17 hours every day.
5 funds condition (take indoor stadium as example):
The mansion builds field to be appropriated funds by the British government. Three sides raises the funds being maintained commonly by United Kingdom country sports organization , Yorkshire sports organization , Sheffield city foundation , three sides takes up one-third respectively , is close to 450,000 pound sterlings appropriating funds in total for 3 years.Daily being in motion and doing business taking in the shop who sells invisible income , performance , competition invisible income and marketplace exploitation including that the mansion certainly sets up shop (selling business , renting space , convention meeting exhibition , banquet and so on). That literature and art among them is performed is that (concert invisible income specific gravity is maximal mainly), is a sports tournament secondly.
⑶ 求一篇和營銷策略有關的英文文獻，最好有原創翻譯的。
童鞋你好！
這個估計需要自己搜索了！
網上基本很難找到免費給你服務的！
我在這里給你點搜索國際上常用的外文資料庫：
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❶ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
❷Elsevier SDOL資料庫 IEEE/IEE(IEL)
❸EBSCOhost RSC英國皇家化學學會
❹ACM美國計算機學會 ASCE美國土木工程師學會
❺Springer電子期刊 WorldSciNet電子期刊全文庫
❻Nature周刊 NetLibrary電子圖書
❼ProQuest學位論文全文資料庫
❽國道外文專題資料庫 CALIS西文期刊目次資料庫
❾推薦使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
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中文翻譯得自己做了，實在不成就谷歌翻譯。
弄完之後，自己閱讀幾遍弄順了就成啦！
學校以及老師都不會看這個東西的！
外文翻譯不是論文的主要內容！
所以，很容易過去的！
祝你好運！
⑷ 有人能給我發一份市場營銷策略方面的英文和翻譯好的中文文獻給我嗎5000字以上就行了
目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
1當前國際營銷的狀況及成因 3
1.1當前國際營銷的狀況 3
1.1.1國際營銷的發展 3
1.1.2國際營銷的特點 4
1.1.3國際市場的內容 4
1.1.4國際營銷的環境 5
1.2國際營銷的成因 7
2精成企業現狀及問題分析 8
2.1企業簡介 8
2.2現狀分析 9
2.2.1國際市場產品分析 9
2.2.2國際進入方式分析 9
2.2.3國際定價分析 10
2.2.4國際市場促銷分析 10
2.2.5國際市場營銷人才分析 10
2.3精成企業國際營銷存在的主要問題 11
2.3.1對國際市場了解不夠 11
2.3.2缺乏國際營銷人才 12
2.3.3缺少國際廣告 12
3精成企業的國際市場策略 13
3.1國際產品策略 13
3.1.1產品組合策略 13
3.1.2運用好國際產品生命周期 13
3.3.3 做好國際產品包裝與品種工作 13
3.2國際市場進入方式策略 14
3.2.1鞏固間接出口 14
3.2.2積極發展直接出口 15
3.2.3嘗試國外生產 15
3.3國際渠道策略 17
3.3.1利用好國外中間商 17
3.3.2運用好傳統渠道與新興渠道模式 17
3.3.3揮發好標准化與多樣化的作用 18
3.4國際定價策略 19
3.4.1認識影響國際價格的因素 19
3.4.2做好國際定價管理 19
3.4.3選好定價基本方法與策略 19
3.4.4運用好國際企業定價策略 20
3.5國際促銷策略 20
3.5.1做好國際廣告 20
3.5.2在國外進行人員推銷 21
3.5.3結合營業推廣 21
3.5.4搞好公共關系 22
4精成企業的國際策略的實施 23
4.1建立阿里巴巴中國供應商網 23
4.2培養新型外貿人才 23
4.3做好廣告工作 24
結論 26
參考文獻 27
致謝 28
附錄一 29
國際營銷的發展前景 29
附錄二 34
International Marketing Prospects For Development 34
摘要
加入世界貿易組織不僅給我們整個社會的經濟、生活帶來巨大變化，而且使國際貿易發生了巨大變革，使在貿易中占據重要地位的國際市場營銷活動面臨著新的選擇和挑戰。營銷的各個方面，無論是市場調研、市場開拓、營銷隊伍和營銷組合都顯現出新經濟的作用。一方面，國際市場營銷的空間領域擴大了，營銷的技術更先進了；而另一方面，營銷的復雜性上升了，營銷的難度也加大了。中國加入WTO之後，帶來的是新的市場游戲規則、新的理念、知識、技術、資金、人才和全球的龐大市場。由於加入WTO後國際市場壁壘的減少，中國企業將有更多的機會在全球發達的消費市場中展示實力和發展自己的事業，實現跨國經營。本文論述了國際營銷理論的國內外發展、國際營銷的特點、內容和各種環境分析。還有國際營銷在我國企業的運用情況，分析了中國中小型民型企業在國際營銷中存在的問題，指出了入世後中國企業國際市場營銷應對策略以及實施過程。
【關鍵字】 國際營銷；營銷策略；產品組合
Abstract
After china entered into world trade organization， Great change has taken place. The each aspect of marketing，include market investigation，market explanation and marketing troops，is reflecting new economic impact.On the other hand，the realm of the international marketing extended，the technique of the marketing is more advanced； on the other hand，the complexity of the marketing ran high，the difficulties of the marketing enlarge，too.This text This text discussed the international market characteristics，contents of the theories』s domestic and international development，international market with the every kind of environment analysis.It also discussed the domestic and international development of the international marketing theory，and analyzed the China inside the business enterprise of small scaled people type the problem that exsits in the international market，and point outed into the international market of Chinese business enterprise of a life time empress the market to reply the strategy and into practice the process.
Keywords： International marketing；Marketing strategies；Proct combination
⑸ 誰能給我一篇關於營銷策略研究方面的英文文獻
外文文獻可以用你們圖書館的外文資料庫檢索, 如www.sciencedirect.com, www.springerlink.com
自己去找吧 學校裡面可以下載到回的！英文關鍵詞答可以利用www.iciba.com網站翻譯～
⑹ 市場營銷英文文獻翻譯成中文3000字
一、服務營銷。
現代經濟發展的一個顯著特徵是服務業的蓬勃發展，其在國民經濟中的地位愈來愈重要，服務營銷的重要性日益突出，中國已經加入WTO ,外資企業紛紛搶灘中國，中外服務市場營銷大戰將出現白熱化的態勢。現實經濟生活中的服務可以區分為兩大類。一種是服務產品，產品為顧客創造和提供的核心利益主要來自無形的服務。另一種是功能服務，產品的核心利益主要來自形成的成分，無形的服務只是滿足顧客的非主要需求。貝瑞認為，在產品的核心利益來源中，有形的成分比無形的成分要多，那麼這個產品就可以看作是一種「商品」（有形產品） ;如果無形的成分比有形的成分要多，那麼這個產品就可以看作是一種「服務」。與服務的這種區分相一致，服務營銷的研究形成了兩大領域，即服務產品的營銷和顧客服務營銷。服務產品營銷的本質是研究如何促進作為產品的服務的交換；顧客服務營銷的本質則是研究如何利用服務作為一種營銷工具促進有形產品的交換。但是，無論是服務產品營銷，還是顧客服務營銷，服務營銷的核心理念都是顧客滿意和顧客忠誠，通過取得顧客的滿意和忠誠來促進相互有利的交換，最終實現營銷績效的改進和企業的長期成長。
First, services marketing.
Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service instry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service procts, proct creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, procts, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the proct's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible procts); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, procts, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of proct marketing, how to promote the exchange of proct services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible procts. However, both services proct marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth.
二、網路營銷。
互聯網路是一種利用通訊線路，將全球電腦納入國際聯網的信息傳送系統必將是未來市場營銷最重要的渠道。網路營銷的特性包括；可24 小時隨時隨地地提供全球性營銷服務；電腦可儲存大量的信息，代消費者查詢，可傳送的信息數量與精確度，遠超過其他媒體；能因應市場需求，及時更新產品或調整價格；減少印刷與郵遞成本；且無店面租金，節約水電與人工成本；可避免推銷員強勢推銷的干擾；可經由信息提供與互動交談，與消費者建立長期良好的關系。互聯網路是一種功能最強大的營銷工具，它同時兼具渠道、促銷、電子交易、互動顧客服務以及市場信息分析與提供的多種功能。
它以聲光互動溝通的特質，作為跨越時空的媒體，已深深吸引年青一代人的眼光。此外，它所具備的一對一營銷能力，正是符合[ 分眾營銷]與[ 直效營銷]的未來趨勢。 網路營銷可視為一種新興的營銷渠道，它並非一定要取代傳統的渠道，而是經由信息科技發展，來創新與重組營銷渠道。但不可否認的是，網路營銷必然會給傳統營銷造成沖擊，因此商業界必須要注意這種趨勢，並與軟體產業作密切的聯系與合作。以廣告業為例，在最新媒體時代，銷售是從開始到完成的一貫作業，就是說由吸引注意、引發興趣、造成購買欲、進行采購，一氣而成，而廣告公司將參與營銷的全程。商業企業也有必要改變傳統的組織形態，提升新媒體部門的功能，引進兼具營銷素養與電腦科技的人才，未來才能具備市場的競爭優勢。
Second, network marketing.
Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update proct or price adjustments; rece printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qu, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions.
It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend.
Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software instry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising instry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage.
三、綠色營銷。
所謂「綠色營銷」，是指社會和企業在充分意識到消費者日益提高的環保意識和由此產生的對清潔型無公害產品需要的基礎上，發現、創造並選擇市場機會，通過一系列理性化的營銷手段來滿足消費者以及社會生態環境發展的需要，實現可持續發展的過程。綠色營銷的核心是按照環保與生態原則來選擇和確定營銷組合的策略，是建立在綠色技術、綠色市場和綠色經濟基礎上的、對人類的生態關注給予回應的一種經營方式。目前，西方發達國家對於綠色產品的需求非常廣泛，而發展中國家由於資金和消費導向上和消費質量等原因，還無法真正實現對所有消費需求的綠化。以我國為例，目前只能對部分食品、家電產品、通訊產品等進行部分綠化；而發達國家已經通過各種途徑和手段，包括立法等，來推行和實現全部產品的綠色消費。從而培養了極為廣泛的市場需求基礎，為綠色營銷活動的開展打下了堅實的根基。以綠色食品為例，英國、德國綠色食品的需求完全不能自給，英國每年要進口該食品消費總量的80% ,德國則高達98%。這表明，綠色產品的市場潛力非常巨大，市場需求非常廣泛。
綠色營銷只是適應二十一世紀的消費需求而產生的一種新型營銷理念，也就是說，綠色營銷還不可能脫離原有的營銷理論基礎。因此，綠色營銷模式的制定和方案的選擇及相關資源的整合還無法也不能脫離原有的營銷理論基礎，可以說綠色營銷是在人們追求健康、安全、環保的意識形態下所發展起來的新的營銷方式和方法。現代企業只有樹立起一種全新的可持續發展營銷的經營理念，努力開展綠色營銷，開發綠色產品，進行綠色生產，才能和可持續發展潮流相適應。同時，企業還可進一步「導向消費者」，促成可持續消費模式的全面建立和實現，承擔起促進社會發展和生態環境發展的責任和義務，使企業的經濟效益、社會效益和環境效益相統一。
Third, green marketing.
The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free procts based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and determine the marketing mix strategy is based on green technology, green markets and green based on economic, ecological concerns for the human response to a mode of operation. Some developed countries the demand for green procts is very extensive, but developing countries as capital and consumer orientation, quality and consumer reasons, it can not really achieve the greening of all consumer demand. Taiwan for instance, currently only some food, home appliances, communication procts, part-green; while developed countries have adopted a variety of ways and means, including legislation, etc., Lai Tuixing and the achievement of all procts Di green consumption. Thus having a very broad basis of market demand for green marketing activities have laid a solid foundation. To green, for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, the demand for green food can not self-sufficient, the United Kingdom every year, the import of 80% of the total food consumption in Germany is as high as 98%. This indicates that the market potential for green procts is very large, very wide market demand.
Green marketing is the twenty-first century consumer demand resulting from a novel marketing idea, that is, green marketing, marketing is also not out of the original theory. Therefore, the development of green marketing model and program selection and integration of related resources can not can not be severed from the original basis of marketing theory can be said that green marketing is the pursuit of health, safety, environmental protection, developed under the ideology of the new ways and means of marketing. Establish a modern enterprise is only a new marketing philosophy of sustainable development, make efforts to green marketing, the development of green procts for green proction, and sustainable development to adapt to the trend. At the same time, enterprises can further "consumer oriented", to promote sustainable consumption patterns of the full development and realization of their obligation to promote social development and ecological development of the responsibilities and obligations, so that their economic, social and environmental benefits .
⑺ 高分跪求!!!市場營銷相關的中英文對照3000字左右的文章
術語：
PROFIT SHARING-------------------利潤分成
DOCK CHARGE----------------------碼頭費
INLAND CHARGE--------------------內陸轉運費
MERCHANDISE INSPECTION-----------商檢費
TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGE---------THC
DRAYAGE--------------------------提箱和還箱費
PEAK SEASON SURCHARGE------------旺季附加費
COMMISSION-----------------------傭金
MAILS FEE------------------------郵寄費
PANAMA CHANNEL CHARGE------------運河費
THE CHARGE OF FREIGHT------------運雜費
TRANSSHIPMENT COSTS -------------中轉費
VANNING FEE----------------------裝箱費
INSURANCE FEE--------------------保險費
CUSTOM CLEARANCE FEE-------------報關費
CY SURCHARGE---------------------CY交貨附加費
EQUIPMENT RETURN CHARGE----------空箱返還費
DIVERSION FEE--------------------改港費
EQUIPMENT CHANGING CHARGE--------改箱費
PORT CONGESTION SURCHARGE--------港口擁擠費
BUNKER ADJUSTIVE FACTOR----------BAF(燃油附加費)
CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT FACTOR-------CAF(幣值附加費)
STORAGE CHARGE-------------------倉儲費
CUSTOM INSPECTION FEE------------查驗費
DEVANNING CHARGE-----------------拆箱費
DESTINATION DELIVERY CHARGE------DDC(終點碼頭卸貨費)
HANDLING CHARGE------------------代理費
REFUND---------------------------反佣
GENERAL RATE INCREASE------------GRI(全面漲價費)
OCEAN FREIGHT--------------------海運費
DOCUMENT TRANSFERING FEE---------換單費
EQUIPMENT REPOSITION SURCHARGE---空箱調運費
WAREHOUSE REFUND SHARING---------拼箱退佣
CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION--------CFS(集裝箱貨運站)
隨著社會的發展，行業競爭的日趨激烈，如何提高工作效率、降低管理成本、提高服務水平和企業的競爭能力，是每一個企業管理者最為關注的問題。越來越多的管理者認為實行計算機科學化管理是解決這一問題的關鍵。
物流運輸企業由於行業特點，傳統操作過程復雜，文件繁多，競爭日趨激烈。越來越多的信息問題涌現出來，例如：一方面，要不斷開發客戶市場，對客戶的基本資料，貨物分布情況、聯系人的喜好及聯系方式有較為全面的了解，另一方面，要作好財務的收付工作，確保運費能按時的收付，欠款一目瞭然，及時催繳。以往查閱厚厚的文件資料的做法，顯然是不可取的。必須採取更有效的解決辦法。同時收集處理信息的速度、信息的准確性、安全性，還影響到公司整體的管理水平和決策層對整體業務的控制和協調。採用計算機軟體管理信息是解決上述問題的一個行之有效的辦法。
物流管理軟體，就是根據物流運輸企業業務流程，將企業業務的各類數據聯系起來，組成一個有機的系統，使得業務、財務、市場等方面的信息得以方便、快捷地傳遞，並經過綜合處理生成各種報表送交給各個職能部門及決策層。應用物流管理軟體系統不僅可以節省大量的人力，減少工作中的失誤，對客戶的詢問可以迅速的從電腦中查詢信息答復客戶，而且可以幫助決策者及時調整公司經營策略，提高公司在同行業中的知名度，增強公司的競爭力。
過去物流管理著重在企業內部作業與組織的整合，對下游顧客的對應，是以服務與品質為主要重心。因此，評價物流的管理業績和效果的准則，多半是以處理訂單周期時間的速度，供貨率及完成質量來量度。
隨著物流業的發展，在供應鏈管理模式上增添新的內容，物流業出現了新的十大趨勢。
（一）物流管理從物的處理，提升到物的加值方案設計、解決和管理上。可以為客戶提供度身訂造式的，並帶有個性化的服務，企業逐漸轉向強調跨企業界限的整合，使得顧客關系的維護與管理變得越來越重要。
（二）由對立轉向聯合。傳統商業通道中，企業間多半以自我為中心，追求自我利益，因此往往造成企業間對立的局面。然而在追求更大競爭力的驅動下，許多企業開始在各個商業流通機能上整合，通過聯合規劃與作業，形成高度整合的供應鏈通道關系，使通道整體成績和效果大幅提升。
（三）由預測轉向終測。傳統的流通模式通過預測下游通道的資源來進行各項物流作業活動，不幸的是預測很少會准確的，因而浪費了許多自然及商業資源。新興的物流管理趨勢是強調通道成員的聯合機制，成員間願意互換營運及策略的信息，尤其是內部需求及生產的資料，使得上游的企業無需去預測，流通模式是逐漸由預測基礎轉向終測基礎發展。
（四）由經驗積累轉向變遷策略。一直以來經驗曲線是企業用來分析市場競爭趨勢及發展對應策略的方法，並以企業長年積累的經驗作為主要競爭武器，然而科技的突飛進步，企業固守既有經驗反而成為企業發展的障礙，因此在調度變化的環境下，經驗及現存通道基礎結構反變為最難克服的障礙，成功的企業要建立對策略方向的嗅覺和持續變遷管理體系才能生存。
（五）由絕對價值轉向相對價值。傳統財務評價只看一些絕對數值，新的評估方法將著重在相對價值的創造，亦即在通道中提供加值服務，顧客所增加的價值中企業可佔多少比例。
（六）由功能整合轉向程序整合。在競爭渠道日趨激烈的環境中，企業必須更快響應上、下游顧客的需要，因而必須有效整合各部門的營運，並以程序式的操作系統來動作，物流作業與活動多半具有跨功能，跨企業的特性，故程序式整合是物流管理成功的重點。
（七）由垂直整合轉向虛擬整合。在傳統渠道中，一些大企業進行通道的垂直整合，以期對通過掌握有更大的力量，事實證明這並不成功，反而分散了企業的資源，並將主業削弱。今日企業經營的趨勢是專注核心業務，將非核心業務委託給專業管理公司去做，形成虛擬企業整合體系，使主體企業提供更好的產品及服務。
（八）由信息保留轉向信息分享。在供應鏈管理結構下，供應鏈內相關企業必須將供應鏈整合所需的信息與其他企業分享，否則，無法形成有效的供應鏈體系。
（九）由訓練轉向知識學習。在可預見的未來，任何物流程序均以人力來完成。然而，物流作業多半需要在各個物流據點和運輸網路中進行，大約有90%的時間，物流主管無法親自加以監控。全球化的發展趨勢，也增加了物流人力資源管理的復雜度。物流主管必須將以個別人員技能訓練的方式，轉向知識基礎的學習發展。
（十）由管理會計轉向價值管理。未來許多企業願意投入許多資源建立基本會計系統，著重在提供增值創造，跨企業的管理信息，以期能確認可創造價值的作業，而非僅在於收益增加，成本升降上。
Along with society's development, the profession competition is day by day intense, how enhances the working efficiency, reces the management cost, the enhancement service level and enterprise's competitive ability, is each enterprise superintendent most matter of concern. More and more many superintendents thought the implementation computer scientific style management solves this question key.
The thing flows the transportation enterprise as a result of the profession characteristic, the tradition operating process complex, document many, the competition is day by day intense. The more and more many information question emerges, for example: On the one hand, must develop the customer market unceasingly, to the customer basic document, the cargo distribution situation, the contact person likes and the contact method has a more comprehensive understanding, on the other hand, must finish financial the receipts and disbursements work, guarantees the transport expense to be able on time receipts and disbursements, the debt to be clear, prompt press for payment. Formerly consulted the thick document material the procere, obviously was cannot be taken. Must adopt more effective solution. At the same time collects the process information the speed, the information accuracy, the security, but also affects the company whole management level and the decision-making strata to the overall service control and the coordination. Uses the computer software management information is solution above question effective means.
The thing class manages the software, is flows the transportation enterprise service flow according to the thing, according to relates the enterprise service various class numbers, composes an organic system, causes aspect the and so on service, finance, market information to be able to be convenient, to transmit quickly, and proces each kind of report form after synthesis processing to deliver for each function department and the decision-making strata. The appliance flows the management software system not only to be possible to save the massive manpower, reces in the work the fault, may be rapid to the customer inquiry inquires the information answer customer from the computer, moreover may help the policy-maker promptly to adjust the company to manage the strategy, enhances company's in same profession well-knownness, the enhancement company's competitive power.
In the past flowed the management emphatically in the enterprise interior work and organization's conformity, to the downriver customer's correspondence, was take serves and the quality as the main center of gravity. Therefore, the appraisal flows the management achievement and the effect criterion, is mostly by processes the order form period the speed, supplying goods rate and completes the quality to measure.
Along with the thing flowing instry development, increased the new content in the supply chain management pattern, thing flowing instry had the new ten major tendencies.
(1) thing flows the management from thing processing, promotes to in the thing Canadian value plan design, the solution and the management. May provides for the customer 度身訂造 -like, and has the personalization the service, the enterprise graally changes emphasized the cross enterprise boundary the conformity, causes the maintenance and the management which the customer relates changes more and more importantly.
(2) changes the union by the opposition. In the traditional commercial channel, the enterprise mostly take as the center, pursues the self- benefit, therefore often makes the aspect which the enterprise opposes. However in under the pursue bigger competitive power actuation, many enterprises starts in each commercial circulation function the conformity, through the union plan and the work, forms highly the conformity supply chain channel relations, causes the channel overall result and the effect large promotion.
(3) changes the final survey by the forecast. The traditional circulation pattern carries on each thing through the forecast downriver channel resources to flow the work activity, unfortunately forecasts very little can accurate, thus has wasted many natures and the commercial resources. The emerging thing flows the management tendency is emphasized the channel member's union mechanism, between the member is willing to exchange transport business and the strategy information upstream, in particular internal demand and the proction material, causes the enterprise not to need to forecast, the circulation pattern changes the final survey foundation development graally by the forecast foundation.
(4) accumulates by the experience changes the vicissitude strategy. The empirical curve has since always been the enterprise uses for to analyze the market competition tendency and the development correspondence strategy method, and the experience which accumulates by the enterprise elders takes the main competition weapon, however the science and technology flies suddenly the progress, the enterprise defends stubbornly already has the experience instead to become the barrier which the enterprise develops, therefore in under the dispatch change environment, the experience and the extant channel foundation structure instead becomes the barrier which most difficult to overcome, the success enterprise must establish to the strategy direction sense of smell and continues the vicissitude management system to be able to survive.
(5) changes the relative value by the absolute value. The traditional finance appraisal will look only some absolute values, the new appraisal method emphatically in the relative value creation, that is will provide adds the value service in the channel, in the value which the customer will increase the enterprise may account for how many proportions.
(6) changes the procere conformity by the function conformity. In the competition channel intense environment, the enterprise must day by day in a quicker response, the downriver customer's need, thus must effective conformity various departments' transport business, and acts by the procere -like operating system, the thing flows the work and the activity has the cross function mostly, cross enterprise's characteristic, therefore the procere type conformity is the thing class manages the successful key point.
(7) changes the hypothesized conformity by the vertical conformity. In the traditional channel, some big enterprises carry on the channel the vertical conformity, to through grasps by the time has a bigger strength, the fact proved this is not successful, instead dispersed enterprise's resources, and weakens the principal work. Today the enterprise manages the tendency is dedicated nucleus □0 □$. The service, makes the non- core business request for the specialized management company, forms the hypothesized enterprise conformity system, causes the main body enterprise to provide a better proct and the service.
(8) changes the information share by the information retention. Under the supply chain management structure, supplies in the chain to be connected the enterprise to have to supply the information which the chain conformity needs to share with other enterprises, otherwise, is unable to form the effective supply chain system.
(9) changes the knowledge study by the training. In future which may foresee, any thing flows the procere to complete by the manpower. However, the thing flows the work to need to flow the foothold and in mostly the transportation network in each thing carries on, probably some 90% time, the thing flows the manager to be unable to perform to monitor personally. Globalization development tendency, also increased the thing to flow the human resources management the order of complexity. The thing flows the manager to have by the indivial personnel skill training way, changes the knowledge foundation the study development.
(10) changes the value management by management accounting. Future many enterprises will be willing to invest many resources establishments basic accountant the system, in will provide the increment creation emphatically, the cross enterprise's management information, by the time will be able the true approval creation value work, but must only will lie in the income to increase, in cost fluctuation.
⑻ 一篇有關於市場營銷STP策略的外文文獻及中文翻譯，中文翻譯3000字左右！
童鞋你好！
這個估計需要自己搜索了！
網上基本很難找到免費給你服務的！
我在這里給你點搜索國際上常用的外文資料庫：
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⑴ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
⑵Elsevier SDOL資料庫 IEEE/IEE(IEL)
⑶EBSCOhost RSC英國皇家化學學會
⑷ACM美國計算機學會 ASCE美國土木工程師學會
⑸Springer電子期刊 WorldSciNet電子期刊全文庫
⑹Nature周刊 NetLibrary電子圖書
⑺ProQuest學位論文全文資料庫
⑻國道外文專題資料庫 CALIS西文期刊目次資料庫
⑼推薦使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
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中文翻譯得自己做了，實在不成就谷歌翻譯。
弄完之後，自己閱讀幾遍弄順了就成啦！
學校以及老師都不會看這個東西的！
外文翻譯不是論文的主要內容！
所以，很容易過去的！
祝你好運！
⑼ 急！求關於市場營銷（最好是關於營銷策略的）的英文文獻2000字左右的，最好帶翻譯，在線等！
大家知道，企業管理包括生產管理、營銷管理和財務管理等多個方面，而財務管理是企業整個管理體系的核心，企業的財務管理目標即是企業追求的目標。可見，只有以財務管理為中心，協調運作管理體系的各個方面，才能有效地強化企業管理，促進企業發展。從全國來說，民營企業數量眾多、分布廣泛、特點各異，再加上受宏觀經濟環境化和體制影響，民營企業在加強財務管理方面遇到了一定的阻力，例如：政策的「歧視」使民營企業和大型企業不能公平競爭，地方政府、行業管理部門的干預，使民營企業的財務管理目標短期化，再主要的就是民營企業財務管理受業主的影響過大等一些主觀因素的存在，導致財務管理的重要性被忽視。所以，其財務管理中存在的問題也多種多樣，我認為，目前普遍存在的問題和原因主要有：
（一）融資困難，周轉資金不足，使財務管理成斷源之湖。
目前，我國民營企業初步建立了較為獨立、渠道多元的融資體系，但是，融資難、擔保難，仍然是制約民營企業發展的最突出的問題，主要問題是：第一，負債過多，融資成本高，風險大，造成民營企業信用等級低，資信相對較差。第二，大多數民營企業是非大型企業，有些銀行受傳統觀念和行政干預的影響，對其貸款不夠熱心。第三，中介機構不健全，缺乏專門為民營企業貸款服務的金融中介機構和貸款擔保機構。
分析其主要原因表現在兩個方面：一是金融業對民營企業的信貸支持不夠。我國金融系統從設置到服務項目，大都是以大企業為服務對象，民營企業的信貸服務往往被忽視。由於貸款難，生產經營過程中所需資金不足，極大制約了民營企業的發展。有的民營企業，雖存在暫時困難，但銀行一旦支持就能起死回生；二是民營企業的融資渠道單一，難以適應市場需求的變化。由於有的民營企業，在既得不到銀行的貸款支持，又不具有自我融資或向社會公開融資能力，無形中，加強企業財務管理也就成了一句空話，財務管理也就成了斷源之湖。
（二）財務控制薄弱，缺乏科學性，使財務管理舉步艱難。
大部分民營企業存在財務控制環節薄弱，而且對加強財務管理方面不夠重視，沒有從真正意義上理解財務管理在企業中的地位。主要問題有：一是資金管理不嚴，財務控制薄弱，造成資金閑置或不足。二是應收賬款周轉緩慢，造成資金回收困難。三是存貨控制薄弱，造成資金呆滯。四是重錢輕物，資產流失嚴重。
分析其原因主要是：一是有些民營企業認為現金越多越好，致使大量現金未參加周轉，有的是資金缺少計劃安排，過量購置不動產，而使企業無法應付經營急需的資金，陷入財務困境。二是沒有建立嚴格的賒銷政策，缺乏有力的摧收措施，應收款不能兌現或形成呆賬。三是很多民營企業月末存貨佔用資金往往超過其營業額的兩倍以上，造成資金呆滯周轉失靈。四是不少民營企業管理者，對原材料、半成品、固定資產等管理不到位，出了問題無人追究，資產浪費嚴重。分析以上原因，最重要的是因為企業上層領導財務管理觀念落後，缺乏科學性，在思想上沒有真正理解財務管理對做大做強一個企業所起到的作用，沒有將財務管理納入企業管理的有效機制中，缺乏現代財務管理觀念，使財務管理失去了它在企業管理中應有的地位和作用，舉步艱難。
（三）管理模式疆化，管理觀念陳舊，使財務管理暗然失色。
由於長期以來在思想上受到舊的財務制度的約束，企業管理人員的觀念比較滯後。主要問題有：一是企業的投資者同時就是經營者。二是企業管理者的管理能力和管理素質差，管理思想落後。
分析其原因主要是：民營企業典型的管理模式是所有權和經營權高度統一，企業的投資者同時就是經營者，這種模式勢必給企業的財務管理帶來負面影響，民營企業中相當一部分屬於個體私營性質，在這些企業中，企業領導者集權現象嚴重，並且對財務管理的理論方法缺乏應有的認識和研究，致使其職責不分，越權行事，造成財務管理混亂，財務監核不嚴，會計人員獨舟難行，想規范管理很難。大部分企業沒有或無法建立內部審計部門，即使有，也很難保證內部審計的獨立性。另外，有些企業沒有將財務管理納入企業管理的有效機制中，缺乏現代財務管理觀念，多數民營企業家尚未建立起諸如時間價值、風險價值、邊際成本、機會成本等科學管理的概念，由於管理模式疆化，管理觀念陳舊，使財務管理暗然失色，失去了它在企業管理中應有的地位和作用。
First, the privately operated enterprise the question and the reasonanalysis which exists in the financial control As everybody knows, business management including proctionmanagement, marketing management and financial control and so on manyaspects, but the financial control is the enterprise entire managementsystem core, enterprise's financial control goal is a goal which theenterprise pursues. Obviously, only has take the financial control asthe center, the coordination operates management system each aspect,can effectively strengthen the business management, the promotionenterprise develops.Said from the nation that, the privately operated enterprise quantitymultitudinous, distributed is widespread, the characteristicrespectively differently, in addition receives the macroscopiceconomic environment and the system influence, the privately operatedenterprise was strengthening the financial control aspect to meet thecertain resistance, for example: The policy "the discrimination"causes the privately operated enterprise and the major instry cannotthe fair competition, the local authority, the profession controlsection's intervention, causes the privately operated enterprise thefinancial control goal short-term, again is main is the privatelyoperated enterprise financial control owner's influence oversized andso on some subjective factors existences, causes the financial controlthe importance to neglect. Therefore, in its financial control existsquestion also many and varied, I believed, at present the universalexistence question and the reason mainly have: .
(1) financing difficulty, the revolving fund is insufficient, causeslake of the financial control Cheng Duanyuan. At present, the our country privately operated enterprise initiallyestablished has been independent, the channel many Yuan financingsystem, but, financed difficultly, to guarantee difficultly, still wasthe most prominent question which the restriction privately operatedenterprise developed, the main question was: First, is in debtexcessively many, financing cost high, risk big, creates the privatelyoperated enterprise credit rank low, helps the letter relatively to beworse. Second, the majority privately operated enterprise right andwrong major instry, some banks the traditional ideas and theadministrative intervention influence, insufficiently are warm-heartedto its loan. Third, the facilitating agency is not perfect, lacksspecially the financial facilitating agency and the loan guaranteeorganization which serves for the privately operated enterprise loan. Analyzes its main reason to display in two aspects: One is the financeinstry is insufficient to the privately operated enterprise's creditaid. Our country finance system from establishes to the serviceproject, mostly is take the big enterprise as the service object, theprivately operated enterprise's credit service is often neglected.Because the loan is difficult, in the proction management processneeds the fund to be insufficient, enormously has restricted theprivately operated enterprise's development. Some privately operatedenterprises, although exists temporarily difficultly, but the bankonce supports can bring back to life; Two is the privately operatedenterprise's financing channel is unitary, adapts the market demandchange with difficulty. As a result of some privately operatedenterprises, in both cannot obtain the bank the loan support, and doesnot have self- financing or to the social public financing ability,imperceptibly, strengthened the enterprise financial control also tobecome an empty talk, the financial control has also become mediateslake of the source.
(2) financial control is weak, lacks the scientific nature, causes thefinancial control to take a step difficultly. The majority of privately operated enterprises have the financialcontrol link to be weak, moreover to strengthens the financial controlaspect insufficiently to take, has not understood the financialcontrol from the true significance in enterprise's status. The mainquestion includes: One is the fund management is lax, financialcontrol weak, creates the fund to leave unused or to be insufficient.Two is the receivable account funds turnover is slow, causes the fundrecycling difficulty. Three, the inventory control is weak, createsthe fund delay. Four is re- Qian Qingwu, the property drainsseriously. Analyzes its reason mainly is: One is some privately operatedenterprises thought cash more the better, causes the massive cashesnot to participate in the turnover, some are the fund lacks the planarrangement, excessive purchase real estate, but causes the enterpriseto be unable to deal with the management urgently needed fund, fallsinto the financial difficult position. Two is does not have theestablishment strict selling on credit policy, lacks powerfullydestroys receives the measure, should receive money cannot cash orform the ll account. Three is very many privately operatedenterprises end of the month the goods in stock takes the fund oftento surpass its turnover above two times, creates the fund delayturnover to malfunction. Four is many privately operated enterprisessuperintendents, to management and so on raw material, half-finishedproct, fixed asset did not arrive, leaves question nobody toinvestigate, the property waste was serious. Above analyzes thereason, most importantly because the enterprise upper formationleadership financial control idea is backward, lacks the scientificnature, the untrue understanding financial control to does in thethought greatly makes the role which the strong enterprise plays, hasnot bought into line with the financial control the businessmanagement in the effective mechanism, lacks the modern financialcontrol idea, caused the financial control to lose it the status andthe function which should have in the business management, took a stepdifficultly.
3) management pattern boundary, manages the idea obsoletely, causesthe financial control to be dark however 失色. Because receives the old financial system since long ago in thethought the restraint, business management personnel's idea comparisonlag. The main question includes: One is at the same time enterprise'sinvestor is the operator. Two is the enterprise superintendent'smanagement ability and the management quality bad, manages the thoughtto be backward. Analyzes its reason mainly is: The privately operated enterprise modelmanagement pattern is the property rights and the operating righthighly unifies, at the same time enterprise's investors is theoperator, this kind of pattern inevitably will give the enterprise thefinancial control to bring the negative influence, in the privatelyoperated enterprise quite a part will belong to the indivial tooperate privately the nature, in these enterprises, enterprise leadercentralization phenomenon serious, and will lack the understanding andthe research to the financial control theory method which will besupposed to have, will cause its responsibility not to divide, exceedsauthority to handle affairs, creates the financial control chaotic,the finance will supervise the nucleus not to be lax, accountant thepersonnel alone boat difficult line, to think the standard managementwill be very difficult. The majority of enterprises not or are unableto establish the interior auditing department, even if has, also isvery difficult to guarantee the internal audit the independence.Moreover, some enterprises have not bought into line with thefinancial control the business management in the effective mechanism,lacks the modern financial control idea, the most privateenterpreneurs not yet establish such as scientific management the andso on time value, risk value, marginal cost, opportunity cost concept,as a result of the management pattern boundary, manages the ideaobsoletely, causes the financial control to be dark however 失色,has lost it the status and the function which should have in thebusiness management.