① 求关于jsp或者电子商务的英文期刊
我毕业论文写的这个，不知道咋样呢！
[15] N. Zingirian,M. Maresca,S. Nalin. Efficiency of standard software architectures for Java-based access to remote databases. Dipartimento di Elettronica ed Informatica, University of Paa, Paa, Italy Accepted 14 December 1998
[16] Varsha Apte,Tony Hansen,Paul Reeser. Performance comparison of dynamic web platforms. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mum 400 076, India AT&T Labs 7 August 2002
[17]Rick D. Craig and Stefan P. Jaskiel.Systematic Software Testing 2002
[18] Ralph R. Young. The Requirements Engineering Handbook.Boston and London.United States of America:2004
[19]Sikha Bagui and Richard Earp. Database Design Using Entity-Relationship Diagrams.Auerbach Publications.2003 (242 pages)
[20] Yasar Becerikli and B. Koray Celik.Fuzzy control of inverted penlum and concept of stability using Java application.Mathematical and Computer Modelling, Volume 46, Issues 1-2, July 2007, Pages 24-37
② 求两篇关于电子商务英文参考文献
http://59.42.244.59/Readers/Index.aspx
http://www.nstl.gov.cn/index.html
③ 求：英文参考文献 关于电子商务,外贸,英语对外贸影响等相关的英文文献.要英文的哦
YanGuoBin .《discussed shallowly new economy accounting personnel》 quality modern accounting" 2009 (2).
LuoHong ZhuKaiXi ．"do not do false account" ecation "with accounting quality accounting friends of 2008(1).
④ 谁能提供一篇关于电子商务物流方面的外文文献如题 谢谢了
[to] e-commerce pick as no logistics participation, its business will be incomplete, and logistics as the background, no e-commerce will also expand the difficult, is a kind of alternation, each corresponding to depend on, interdependence, mutual development. [key] e-commerce, Logistics, Relationship, development Electronic business affairs will flow, cash flow, information flow, electronic business, advertising, order, purchasing, payment, authentication and so on physical and transaction, and dealing with virtualization instead of the material flow. The logistics is the entity, e-commerce can shift position also could not put it virtualization. So, e-commerce and logistics exists a kind of relationship, the author thinks that if the electronic commerce as "virtual", logistics, for "reality" nakedness is "each other", depend on, accordingly, the common development of interdependent relationship. A, no logistics, e-commerce is not complete E-commerce collected information flow, the flow, and can be completed by electronic platform of electronic business, electronic trade negotiation, the electronic contract signing. But these are only part of the trade activities, only to buy something in the hands of customers have arrived safely, the whole trade activity is ended. In the process of e-commerce transactions, logistics is actually electronic trade and the subsequent servers, if not logistics, e-commerce will also be difficult to continue. A complete e-commerce should be using the network in all business activities, namely will online information flow and logistics flow, and complete together, from the beginning, always looking for customers to negotiate, order, online pay (), and to open electronic invoice electronic declaration and electronic tax, etc, and through the Internet can accurately distribute to the distribution center, the orders goods within the stipulated time customer service. The level is higher, the service is perfect, function complete e-commerce must include the following four factors: 1 the e-commerce trade activity is electronic. The object is the electronic transactions, including not only the process flow and information flow, the flow, should also include logistics. Despite the material as a kind of solid state almost tangible form, but cannot be electronic logistics process monitoring, logistics process management, logistics solutions of choice is completely can also be electronically. 2 a group of e-commerce in the electronic information technology application software business activities. Using this software can make any database management system, for example, can be integrated Sybase Informix etc, and Oracle integrated into the WEB page dynamic WEB achieve the interaction between consumers and businesses. 3 e-commerce shopping is electronic market. Enterprises, banking, shops, government institutions and indivials in e-commerce entity, through the use of communication devices connected network into a unified whole, is engaged in the exchange of goods and services. 4 e-commerce is on the network. E-commerce is in the Internet environment, the realization of consumer shopping online, entered into between the online trading and on-line electronic payment of a new business model. Visible, e-commerce in any one transaction, contain information, logistics Co., ltd.,. Logistics and the nakedness of e-commerce trade activities, make corresponding to finish. Second, promoting the development of electronic business logistics Admittedly, logistics, e-commerce has no independent existence, but in the past, but the logistics is one of the way with logistics flow, the demand and supply of information feedback information (that) are graally by manual operation and information feedback, and slow speed, the efficiency is low, the efficiency is low, the development. And when the logistics and e-commerce combined, can realize the flow separation and logistics, to rece inventory, rece logistics cost, improve efficiency, increase the efficiency. In addition, the application of e-commerce, can make the logistics enterprises in the traditional logistics business besides, still can exploit value-added service function, greatly improving the logistics enterprise development space. Generally speaking, the electronic commerce provides intensive information for trade and trade with the lowest in the proction of various resources, transfer to bring an opportunity for the development of logistics and endless business opportunities. The impact of e-commerce on logistics is phenomenal. In e-commerce, logistics enterprise management concept, logistics and supply chain operation mode, the great changes that will take on the following six aspects of the features: 1 height of logistics information. As the commercialization of logistics information, logistics, information collection and the database code and logistics information processing of electronic and computer, logistics standardization and real-time information, logistics information storage of digital etc. 2 the height of logistics automation. Automation is the basis of informatization, automation are the core of electromechanical integration. Logistics automation facilities (such as barcodes/speech/rf automatic identification system, automatic sorting system, automatic access system, automatic orientation of automatic tracking system, goods, etc.) in e-commerce plays an important role. 3 the height of logistics network. This network has two meanings: one is the logistics distribution system of computer communication network, namely the logistics distribution center and supply chain between the upstream and downstream through the Internet electronic order system (EOS) and electronic data interchange (EDI) technology of computer network communication achieve such contact. 2 the organization, all kinds of transportation enterprise network operators, warehousing, petrochemi-cal palant, information operators to contract form an alliance, cooperation, share information and communication, the formation of third-party logistics network system. 4 highly intelligent logistics. The logistic informationalization of high-level application performance for intelligent. Logistics process of strategy and decisions, such as inventory levels, transport path selection, automatic orientation of car and control, automatic FenJianJi operation, the logistics distribution center management decision support all need to resort to solve intelligent. 5 the height of logistics flexibility. Modern logistics will integrate proction, circulation, make the enterprise can completely according to the consumer demand changes to organize the proction adjustment and flexible, arrange logistics activity. Also make logistics distribution center according to consumer demand "many varieties, small batch, batches, short cycle" characteristic, flexible and organize and implement logistics operation. 6 height of logistics agility. Logistics enterprise to market-oriented, establish the reasonable logistics forecasts and logistics solutions, better coordinate internal and external resources to optimize logistics system and process, improve logistics management and logistics operation field control system can fast, flexible and promptly respond to demands, realize the external customer satisfaction and internal balance between cost control.这是前两部分的，第三部分在后面
⑤ 求助 一篇有关电子商务的英文文献
一篇电子商务英文文献(The development of e-commerce )-
A perfect market
May 13th 2004
From The Economist print edition
E-commerce is coming of age, says Paul Markillie, but not in the way predicted in the bubble years
WHEN the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded. The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of internet users. Now valuations are rising again and some of the dotcoms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internet’ potential. The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boom—namely, that vast chunks of the world economy would move into cyberspace—are, in one way or another, coming true.
The raw numbers tell only part of the story. According to America’s Department of Commerce, online retail sales in the world’s biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55 billion. That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of total retail sales. The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old “bricks-and-mortar” world.
But the commerce department’s figures deal with only part of the retail instry. For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-commerce. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of expedia.com and hotels.com, alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last year—and it has plenty of competition, not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies, all of which increasingly sell online.
Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Alt Video News, a trade magazine), online dating and a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide). They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the online pharmacies that are thought to be responsible for a good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-price prescription drugs from across the border in Canada.
Tip of the iceberg
And there is more. The commerce department’s figures include the fees earned by internet auction sites, but not the value of goods that are sold: an astonishing $24 billion-worth of trade was done last year on eBay, the biggest online auctioneer. Nor, by definition, do they include the billions of dollars-worth of goods bought and sold by businesses connecting to each other over the internet. Some of these B2B services are proprietary; for example, Wal-Mart tells its suppliers that they must use its own system if they want to be part of its annual turnover of $250 billion.
So e-commerce is already very big, and it is going to get much bigger. But the actual value of transactions currently concluded online is dwarfed by the extraordinary influence the internet is exerting over purchases carried out in the offline world. That influence is becoming an integral part of e-commerce.
To start with, the internet is profoundly changing consumer behaviour. One in five customers walking into a Sears department store in America to buy an electrical appliance will have researched their purchase online—and most will know down to a dime what they intend to pay. More surprisingly, three out of four Americans start shopping for new cars online, even though most end up buying them from traditional dealers. The difference is that these customers come to the showroom armed with information about the car and the best available deals. Sometimes they even have computer print-outs identifying the particular vehicle from the dealer’s stock that they want to buy.
Half of the 60m consumers in Europe who have an internet connection bought procts offline after having investigated prices and details online, according to a study by Forrester, a research consultancy (see chart 1). Different countries have different habits. In Italy and Spain, for instance, people are twice as likely to buy offline as online after researching on the internet. But in Britain and Germany, the two most developed internet markets, the numbers are evenly split. Forrester says that people begin to shop online for simple, predictable procts, such as DVDs, and then graate to more complex items. Used-car sales are now one of the biggest online growth areas in America.
People seem to enjoy shopping on the internet, if high customer-satisfaction scores are any guide. Websites are doing ever more and cleverer things to serve and entertain their customers, and seem set to take a much bigger share of people’s overall spending in the future.
Why websites matter
This has enormous implications for business. A company that neglects its website may be committing commercial suicide. A website is increasingly becoming the gateway to a company’s brand, procts and services—even if the firm does not sell online. A useless website suggests a useless company, and a rival is only a mouse-click away. But even the coolest website will be lost in cyberspace if people cannot find it, so companies have to ensure that they appear high up in internet search results.
For many users, a search site is now their point of entry to the internet. The best-known search engine has already entered the lexicon: people say they have “Googled” a company, a proct or their plumber. The search business has also developed one of the most effective forms of advertising on the internet. And it is already the best way to reach some consumers: teenagers and young men spend more time online than watching television. All this means that search is turning into the internet’s next big battleground as Google defends itself against challenges from Yahoo! and Microsoft.
The other way to get noticed online is to offer goods and services through one of the big sites that already get a lot of traffic. Ebay, Yahoo! and Amazon are becoming huge trading platforms for other companies. But to take part, a company’s procts have to stand up to intense price competition. People check online prices, compare them with those in their local high street and may well take a peek at what customers in other countries are paying. Even if websites are prevented from shipping their goods abroad, there are plenty of web-based entrepreneurs ready to oblige.
What is going on here is arbitrage between different sales channels, says Mohanbir Sawhney, professor of technology at the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago. For instance, someone might use the internet to research digital cameras, but visit a photographic shop for a hands-on demonstration. “I’ll think about it,” they will tell the sales assistant. Back home, they will use a search engine to find the lowest price and buy online. In this way, consumers are “deconstructing the purchasing process”, says Professor Sawhney. They are unbundling proct information from the transaction itself.
All about me
It is not only price transparency that makes internet consumers so powerful; it is also the way the net makes it easy for them to be fickle. If they do not like a website, they swiftly move on. “The web is the most selfish environment in the world,” says Daniel Rosensweig, chief operating officer of Yahoo! “People want to use the internet whenever they want, how they want and for whatever they want.”
Yahoo! is not alone in defining its strategy as working out what its customers (260m unique users every month) are looking for, and then trying to give it to them. The first thing they want is to become better informed about procts and prices. “We operate our business on that belief,” says Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s chief executive. Amazon became famous for books, but long ago branched out into selling lots of other things too; among its latest ventures are health procts, jewellery and gourmet food. Apart from cheap and bulky items such as garden rakes, Mr Bezos thinks he can sell most things. And so do the millions of people who use eBay.
And yet nobody thinks real shops are finished, especially those operating in niche markets. Many bricks-and-mortar bookshops still make a good living, as do flea markets. But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher time. Erik Blachford, the head of IAC’s travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet travel agent, thinks online travel bookings in America could quickly move from 20% of the market to more than half. Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15% of retail sales over the next decade. That would represent a massive shift in spending.
How will traditional shops respond? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads the personal-computer market by selling direct to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into showrooms. There are already signs of change on the high street. The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed to display procts, in the full expectation that many people will buy online. To some extent, the online and offline worlds may merge. Multi-channel selling could involve a combination of traditional shops, a printed catalogue, a home-shopping channel on TV, a phone-in order service and an e-commerce-enabled website. But often it is likely to be the website where customers will be encouraged to place their orders.
One of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the consumer. So, if the lowest prices can be found on the internet and people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else?
One reason may be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the biggest threat to online trade. But as long as the internet continues to deliver price and proct information quickly, cheaply and securely, e-commerce will continue to grow. Increasingly, companies will have to assume that customers will know exactly where to look for the best buy. This market has the potential to become as perfect as it gets.
[1]Singh M P， An Evolutionary Look at E-Commerce， IEEE Internet Computing，2001.5，P77～78
[2]Rabinovitch E, The state of E-commerce, IEEE Communications magazine,2001.3,P12～12
[3]Amit R, Zott C. Value creation in e-business. Strategic Management Journal 2001;22:493–520
⑥ 求一篇关于电子商务的英文文献及翻译，急~！！！！
An additional question is how a marketer could design websites that truly personalize proct recommendations and how consumers react to these versus more neutral, “third party” web sites such as www.kbb.com for automobiles.
we address the issue of the structure of one new tool (i.e., e-mail) that can help marketers be more efficient in testing direct marketing efforts.
direct marketing
Furthermore, work by Haubl and Trifts (2000) showed that a comparison matrix similar to the comparator proced higher quality consideration sets and decisions.
the possibility remains that providing information could postpone or even prevent purchase.
Agents are not new; a crude (by today’s standards) agent, Firefly, was developed in the mid-1990s for movie and music recommendations.
the amount of information available on the Web has increased dramatically as has the technological sophistication of the agents which makes continued research in this area important.
In particular, Haubl and Trifts (2000) show that recommender agents based on self-explicatedinformation about a consumer’s utility function (i.e., attribute weights and minimum acceptable attribute levels) rece search effort and improve decisions.
Agents should be adaptive, autonomous, and believable, be able to respond in a timely fashion, and be goal-oriented.
It has also been established that agents, like those studied by H¨aubl and his colleagues, that learn about consumers from choices and consumer preferences perform better in the long run than (say) collaborative filters (Ariely et al., 2004). This suggests that methods that calibrate consumer preferences in real time on-line are crucial to advancement.
polyhedral conjoint analysis (Toubia et al., 2003) satisfies these criteria. Liechty and his colleagues developed a Hierarchical Bayes procere that does so as well.
Montgomery et al. (2004) address the problem of designing a better shopbot.
They show that shopbots are inferior to visiting a favorite retailer if the shopbot visits all retailers.
Indeed, armed with some inferences from previous visits, a small set of initial screener questions can lead to an optimally personalized web interface for the consumer.
Based on a stochastic ration model and Bayesian updating , the authors adapt the testing parameters (e.g., number of e-mails sent for each e-mail design and sending rate) while the testing is in progress so as to minimize the cost of testing both in terms of wasted e-mails and time.
Only if the interactivity pays off.
In bargaining or auction situations, possible lack of trust and the inability to interpret the signalsof the other participant(s).
翻译
另外一个问题是，一个营销人员如果设计网页，嫩构真实的又有个性的推荐我们的产品，并且可以让顾客对产品的反应不是保持中立，“第三世界”的网页，就像www.kbb.com
我们对于新工具像email这种方式的看法是，它可以帮助营销人员更有效率的直接测试营销效果。
直接营销
更多的是，通过Haubl和Trifts(2000)的工作可知，类似的矩阵和计算机化相比较，生产出更高质量的产品和高质量的决策
可能性保持在提高那些可能推迟或者现在就购买的信息信息。
代理商，一个新的职业，简单的代理（现在的标准）。萤火虫(?),在20世纪90年代中期在电影和音乐推荐上有很大的发展。
由于代理商的科技的混合应用，使网页上可提供的信息量，有着惊人的增长，这使这个行业继续调长下去变得更为重要。
特别使，Haubl和Trifts(2000)的工作可知，推荐者代理基于对顾客自我阐述商品的信息(比如，重量和最小可接受的级别)，减少调查的精力，提高决定能力。
代理商要有很好的适应能力，自主并且有自信，能够在第一时间回应状况，并且有目标。
同时，通过Haubl和其他同事的研究，代理商的形成，与合作过滤相比较，在长期运行中更好的学习了关于顾客的决定和执行偏好。这就给我们在关于顾客网上购物时的偏好提供了标准化。
只翻译了一半，翻不下去了，你参考一下吧，有的句子可能比较奇怪就是了
⑦ 求两篇关于电子商务的英文文献
查到很多，但是我电脑下载速度慢,现在弄到三篇文章全文
如果你觉得合适
发邮件到我邮箱我给你全文
[email protected]
[1] Wade, M. and S. Nevo, Development and Validation of a Perceptual Instrument to Measure E-Commerce Performance. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 2006. 10(2): p. 123-146.
[2] Belanger, F., E-Commerce Web Development: Perspective from the Field. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 2006. 4(2): p. 1–4.
[3] Fisher, J., H. Scheepers, and R. Scheepers, E-Commerce Research in Australia. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 2007. 19(1): p. 39.
⑧ 高分急求求一篇关于电子商务的英文文献``
An additional question is how a marketer could design websites that truly personalize proct recommendations and how consumers react to these versus more neutral, “third party” web sites such as www.kbb.com for automobiles.
we address the issue of the structure of one new tool (i.e., e-mail) that can help marketers be more efficient in testing direct marketing efforts.
direct marketing
Furthermore, work by Haubl and Trifts (2000) showed that a comparison matrix similar to the comparator proced higher quality consideration sets and decisions.
the possibility remains that providing information could postpone or even prevent purchase.
Agents are not new; a crude (by today’s standards) agent, Firefly, was developed in the mid-1990s for movie and music recommendations.
the amount of information available on the Web has increased dramatically as has the technological sophistication of the agents which makes continued research in this area important.
In particular, Haubl and Trifts (2000) show that recommender agents based on self-explicatedinformation about a consumer’s utility function (i.e., attribute weights and minimum acceptable attribute levels) rece search effort and improve decisions.
Agents should be adaptive, autonomous, and believable, be able to respond in a timely fashion, and be goal-oriented.
It has also been established that agents, like those studied by H¨aubl and his colleagues, that learn about consumers from choices and consumer preferences perform better in the long run than (say) collaborative filters (Ariely et al., 2004). This suggests that methods that calibrate consumer preferences in real time on-line are crucial to advancement.
polyhedral conjoint analysis (Toubia et al., 2003) satisfies these criteria. Liechty and his colleagues developed a Hierarchical Bayes procere that does so as well.
Montgomery et al. (2004) address the problem of designing a better shopbot.
They show that shopbots are inferior to visiting a favorite retailer if the shopbot visits all retailers.
Indeed, armed with some inferences from previous visits, a small set of initial screener questions can lead to an optimally personalized web interface for the consumer.
Based on a stochastic ration model and Bayesian updating , the authors adapt the testing parameters (e.g., number of e-mails sent for each e-mail design and sending rate) while the testing is in progress so as to minimize the cost of testing both in terms of wasted e-mails and time.
Only if the interactivity pays off.
In bargaining or auction situations, possible lack of trust and the inability to interpret the signalsof the other participant(s).
Managing Channels of Distribution Under the Environment of Electronic Commerce
【英文篇名】 Managing Channels of Distribution Under the Environment of Electronic Commerce
【作者英文名】 ZHENG Bing~ FENG Yixiong~2 1.College of Economics & Management; Dalian University; Dalian 116622; China 2.State Key Laboratory of CAD&CG; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027; China;
【文献出处】 武汉理工大学学报, Journal of WuhanUniversity of Technology, 编辑部邮箱 2006年 S2期
【英文关键词】 marketing channels; distribution strategy; customer demand; electronic commerce;
Fair E-Payment Protocol Based on Simple Partially Blind Signature Scheme
【英文篇名】 Fair E-Payment Protocol Based on Simple Partially Blind Signature Scheme
【作者英文名】 LIU Jingwei; SUN Rong; KOU Weidong State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks; Xidian University; Xi’an 710071; Shaanxi; China;
【文献出处】 Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences, 武汉大学自然科学学报(英文版), 编辑部邮箱 2007年 01期
【英文关键词】 electronic commerce; e-payment; Schnorr signature; partial blind signature;
【英文摘要】 This paper presents a simple partially blind signature scheme with low computation. By converse using the partially blind signature scheme, we build a simple fair e-payment protocol. In the protocol, two participants achieve the goals of exchanging their digital signatures from each other in a simple way. An ad- vantage of this scheme is that this approach does not require the intervention of the third party in any case. The low-computation property makes our scheme very attractive for mobile client and sma...
⑨ 求一篇关于“电子商务对国际贸易的影响”内容的国外学术期刊的英语学术论文或海外研究机构的研究报告！
Introction
It is a new thing for us into the net to buy something before, and worth to show this is a high-tech development of things for our friend. Now in online shopping as downstairs to buy a coke It brings to our life unprecedented convenient This is a type of electronic commerce. E-commerce from ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, simplified for EC .Electronic commerce is the use of simple and quick, low cost of the electronic communications, the buyer and seller is not met with all kinds of commercial activity . In recent years, as the network technology has improved step by step, electronic commerce was also expanded rapidly. Electronic commerce from the first stage to present with amazing speed development.. Its various services, marketing and their constant updates, Its market is increasingly mature.
.History
China's E-commerce began in 1997. Ordering system of Chinese goods （CGOS）, Chinese commodity trading center （ CCEC）, virtual reality "the" large E-commerce projects were launched in 1997, China drew a series of E-commerce In 1998, China began to the internet electronic commerce development China's E-commerce subject is some IT companies and media, they in various ways of E-commerce "enlightenment ecation", stimulating and guide people in E-commerce understanding, interests and needs. In March 1999, 8848 etc B2C sites official opening, online shopping entered application stage May 2000 Excellence nets established and June China set up e-business. In July 2001 E-commerce method was established Since then ,China's E-commerce law perfected graally Electronic commerce is also have a relatively safe guarantee However, with the development of E-commerce applications and depended, with capital market bubble to burst, site E-commerce began to fall into the worst. The traditional enterprises began to enter the field of electronic commerce. During this period, many enterprises have a good dream to develop E-commerce However, it`s not clear for them how to carry out E-commerce. They think that established the site, which launched E-commerce So in this period .The number of domain name registration, website building is growing rapidly, but development of the whole electronic commerce not mature. Now China's E-commerce in full starting and have already proced results Based on the advantage of network of electronic commerce affairs will further develop out.
Status of development of E-commerce in China
According to a survey, the whole country at present have four thousand commercial web sites, including more than 700 online shop E-commerce project is large launch .almost every day have many different kind of Online stores, online mall, online stores, online auction and so on was born. The development of E-commerce regional also from Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and other cities, began to develop in large and medium cities .The American media also pay more attention to development of China`s E-commerce. February 7, the Wall Street journal said
“If your website is not exports to China, you will lose a chance to browse through the worldwide American companies Accenture launched a Chinese landscape and characters in the background of the whole page ads, advertising headlines is simple and clear "to 2007 Chinese would be the no.1 Internet language," Domestic readers may not realize China`s E-commerce is becoming America and global of topic and focus of attention. America's emerging online magazine“ E-commerce Times” said that in recent years have more than 2,600 article special report on China's E-commerce thus，World look to further increase the future of China`s E-commerce
The development of E-commerce obstacles and countermeasures
In 2000, E-commerce encounter winter Us-led developed countries, many E-commerce companies get into trouble. With this trend, the main E-commerce sites of China were in trouble. We have to rethink China's electronic commerce meet the problem of development , And how come true the healthy development of E-commerce.
1.The low of technical level
First, backward of technology in hardware, is also the backward infrastructure. Secondly, the logistics distribution system is not perfect and logistics technology behind .Thirdly, is safety problems. In China, the network technology is relatively backward. E-commerce is originally a new things It is difficult to realize that the security for people. How to effectively prevent hackers and viruses, and improving the technology, is an important issue. Finally, existing payment instrument behind the E-commerce development request .
2. the fault of the economic environment
First come to see the consumer level of income and buying habits gap, According to statistics, the Average disposable income is only one twentieth of the united states, but internet fee was higher than the united states, it increased cost of internet shopping, At the same time, residents' income is low, the consumption is relatively small, f Buying behavior is more careful they often use the traditional purchase, ,. especially in the purchase amount is larger objects are more willing to adopt to go to the store bought directly. Thus hindered the development of E-commerce.
3 Legal question
Although the electronic commerce in the process of the development. our economic law has done a lot of changes But overall it's behind the development of E-commerce,
Some countermeasure and advices
In terms of technology, The government and enterprises and institutions should work to increase their input Promoting scientific and technological innovation, improve E-commerce related technical level. Laws, the government should learn new things and new situation. listen carefully the company and consumer`s option. Establishing a perfect and applicable legal system timely. It can standardized electronic commerce activities quickly Economic environment, first to maintaining rapid economic growth,At the same time, we must standardize the market order. Enterprises, Banks, the government triangular cooperation to establish credibility system. As residents income reached higher level and build up strict credit system conditions Online transactions can become a real way of security trading.
In short, and create good environments for electronic commerce development Needs government, indivials, enterprises, and so on various collaboration It solve the problem radically.
Future development tendency
Longitudinal deepening trend
The development of E-commerce is being perfected Support environment is graally tend to specifications. Enterprise development of E-commerce being further enhance.
Specialization trends
From our perspective the enterprise business of specialization can with higher efficiency and better effect for consumers. Specialized business strategy, should be most traditional enterprise at present in the area of E-commerce business model
Personalized trend
The emergence of the Internet ,provides a more favorable platform for the force of personality and develop of creativity.
International trend
Our professional vertical website opened up new situation of electronic business. The international market highly valued E-commerce market in China. The Chinese market is still a battleground of World E-commerce companies
Regional trend
China's regional economic development is not balanced In the future for quite a long time Internet population is still concentrated in large cities and medium cities and coastal developed areas .B2C E-commerce regional characteristics is very apparent.
Conclusion
Our electronic commerce in spite of starting late .But development situation is very good. If want to graally reced gap with the level of developed countries, we should take relevant measures .For instance ,change the traditional commerce ideas and improve people's commerce knowledge. E-commerce is the development trend of future business .We should absorb foreign experience, walk path of development Enhance the competitiveness of our enterprise. Actively participate in international dialogue and discussion. In electronic commerce development to absorb other country's lesson. Thus speeding up our pace of development of E-commerce.
Reference
⑩ 电子商务英文文献
Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, consists of the buying and selling of procts or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade concted electronically has grown extraordinarily since the spread of the Internet. A wide variety of commerce is concted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well.
A large percentage of electronic commerce is concted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e-tail. Almost all big retailers have electronic commerce presence on the World Wide Web.
Electronic commerce that is concted between businesses is referred to as Business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g. commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants (private electronic market).
Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions.
History
Early development
The meaning of electronic commerce has changed over the last 30 years. Originally, electronic commerce meant the facilitation of commercial transactions electronically, using technology such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). These were both introced in the late 1970s, allowing businesses to send commercial documents like purchase orders or invoices electronically. The growth and acceptance of credit cards, automated teller machines (ATM) and telephone banking in the 1980s were also forms of electronic commerce. From the 1990s onwards, electronic commerce would additionally include enterprise resource planning systems (ERP), data mining and data warehousing.
Perhaps it is introced from the Telephone Exchange Office, or maybe not.The earliest example of many-to-many electronic commerce in physical goods was the Boston Computer Exchange, a marketplace for used computers launched in 1982. The first online information marketplace, including online consulting, was likely the American Information Exchange, another pre-Internet online system introced in 1991.
Timeline
1990: Tim Berners-Lee wrote the first web browser, WorldWideWeb, using a NeXT computer.
1992: J.H. Snider and Terra Ziporyn published Future Shop: How New Technologies Will Change the Way We Shop and What We Buy. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312063598.
1994: Netscape released the Navigator browser in October under the code name Mozilla. Pizza Hut offered pizza ordering on its Web page. The first online bank opened. Attempts to offer flower delivery and magazine subscriptions online. Alt materials were also commercially available, as were cars and bikes. Netscape 1.0 in late 1994 introced SSL encryption that made transactions secure.
1995: Jeff Bezos launched Amazon.com and the first commercial-free 24 hour, internet-only radio stations, Radio HK and NetRadio started broadcasting. Dell and Cisco began to aggressively use Internet for commercial transactions. eBay was founded by computer programmer Pierre Omidyar as AuctionWeb.
1998: Electronic postal stamps can be purchased and downloaded for printing from the Web.
1999: business.com was sold for US $7.5 million, which was purchased in 1997 for US $150,000. The peer-to-peer filesharing software Napster was launched.
2000: The dot-com bust.
2003: Amazon.com had its first year with a full year of profit.
Business applications
Some common applications related to electronic commerce are:
E-mail and messaging
Documents, spreadsheets, database
Accounting and finance systems
Orders and shipment information
Enterprise and client information reporting
Domestic and international payment systems
Newsgroup
On-line Shopping
Messaging
Conferencing
Government regulations
In the United States, some electronic commerce activities are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). These activities include the use of commercial e-mails, online advertising and consumer privacy. The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 establishes national standards for direct marketing over e-mail. The Federal Trade Commission Act regulates all forms of advertising, including online advertising, and states that advertising must be truthful and non-deceptive.[1] Using its authority under Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive practices, the FTC has brought a number of cases to enforce the promises in corporate privacy statements, including promises about the security of consumers’ personal information.[2] As result, any corporate privacy policy related to e-commerce activity may be subject to enforcement by the FTC.
Forms
Contemporary electronic commerce involves everything from ordering "digital" content for immediate online consumption, to ordering conventional goods and services, to "meta" services to facilitate other types of electronic commerce.
On the consumer level, electronic commerce is mostly concted on the World Wide Web. An indivial can go online to purchase anything from books, grocery to expensive items like real estate. Another example will be online banking like online bill payments, buying stocks, transferring funds from one account to another, and initiating wire payment to another country. All these activities can be done with a few keystrokes on the keyboard.
On the institutional level, big corporations and financial institutions use the internet to exchange financial data to facilitate domestic and international business. Data integrity and security are very hot and pressing issues for electronic commerce these days.
电子商务或EC（英语: E-Commerce）是指在互联网(Internet)、企业内部网 (Intranet) 和增值网(VAN， Added Network)上以电子交易方式进行交易活动和相关服务活动，是传统商业活动各环节的电子化、网路化。电子商务包括电子货币交换、供应链管理、电子交易市场、网路营销、在线事务处理、电子数据交换（EDI）、存货管理和自动数据收集系统。在此过程中，利用到的信息技术包括：互联网、外联网、电子邮件、资料库、电子目录和行动电话。
而广义上的电子商务—电子业务或EB（英语: E-Business）则是指对整个商业活动实现电子化，也就是指应用电脑与网路技术与现代信息化通信技术，按照一定标准，利用电子化工具（有时甚至指整个电子媒介领域，包括广播、电视、电话通讯等等）来实现包括电子商务(或电子交易)在内的商业交换和行政作业的商贸活动的全过程。
发展历史
在过去的30年间，电子商务的概念发生了很大的变化. 最初，电子商务意味著利用电子化的手段，将商业买卖活动简化，通常使用的技术包括电子数据交换（EDI）和电子货币转帐，这些技术均是在20世纪70年代末期开始应用。典型的应用是将采购订单和发票之类的商业文档通过电子数据的方式发送出去。
电子商务中的“电子”指的是采用的技术和系统，而“商务”指的是传统的商业模式。电子商务被定义为一整套通过网路支持商业活动的过程。在70年代和80年代，信息分析技术进入电子商务。80年代，随著信用卡、自动柜员机和电话银行的逐渐被接受和应用，这些也成为电子贸易的组成部分。进入90年代，企业资源计划（ERP）、数据挖掘和数据仓库也成为电子商务的一个部分。
在“.COM”时代，电子商务增加了新的组成部分——“网路贸易”，客户在数据加密传输技术支持下，利用网上商店的虚拟购物车和信用卡等电子货币支付形式，通过互联网完成商品和服务的采购。
如今，电子商务的涵盖十分广泛的商业行为，从电子银行到信息化的物流管理。电子商务的增长促进了支持系统的发展和进步， 包括后台支持系统、应用系统和中间件，例如宽频和光纤网路、供应链管理模块、原料规划模块、客户关系管理模块、存货控制模块和会计核算/企业财务模块。
当互联网在1994进入公众的视线时，很多记者和学者预测电子贸易将很快成为主要的商业应用模式。然而，安全协议（例如HTTPS）用了四年的时间才发展的足够成熟并获得大范围的应用。接下来，在1998年和2000年之间，大量的美国和西欧公司开发了许多不成熟的网站。
虽然大量的“纯电子商务”公司在2000年和2001年的“.COM”衰退期消失了，还是有很多传统的“水泥加砖块”的零售企业认识到这些“.COM”公司揭示了潜在的有价值的市场空间，开始将电子商务的功能增加到网站上。例如，在在线食品销售公司Webvan倒闭后，两家传统的连锁超级市场Albertsons和Safeway都开始了附属的电子商务功能，消费者可以直接在线订购食品。
电子商务的成功因素
技术和组织方面
在很多案例中，一个电子商务公司存活下来，不仅仅是基於自身的产品，而且还拥有一个有能力的管理团队、良好的售前服务、组织良好的商业结构、网路基础和一个安全的，设计良好的网站，这些因素包括：
足够的市场研究和分析。电子商务需要有可行的商业计划并遵守供需的基本原理。在电子商务领域的失败往往和其他商业领域的一样，缺乏对商业基本原则的领会。
一支出色的被信息技术策略武装起来的管理团队。一个公司的信息战略需要成为商业流程重组的一个部分。
为客户提供一个方便而且安全的方式进行交易。信用卡是最互联网上普遍的支付手段，大约90%的在线支付均使用信用卡的方式完成。在过去，加密的信用卡号码信息通过独立的第三方支付网关在顾客和商户之间传递，现在大部分小企业和个体企业还是如此。如今大部分规模稍大的公司直接在网站上通过与商业银行或是信用卡公司之间的协议处理信用卡交易。
提供高可靠性和安全性的交易。例如利用并行计算、硬体冗余、失败处理、信息加密和网路防火墙技术来达到这个需求。
提供360度视角的客户关系，即确保无论是公司的雇员、供应商还是伙伴均可以获得对客户完整和一致的视角，而不是被选择或者过滤得信息。因为，客户不会对在权威主义（老大哥）监视的感觉有好的评价。
构建一个商业模型。如果在2000年的教科书上有这麼一段，很多“.com”公司可能不会破产。
设计一个电子商务价值链，关注在数量有限的核心竞争力上，而不是一个一站购齐的解决方案。如果合适的编制程序，网路商店可以在专业或者通用的特性中获得其中一个。
运作最前沿或者尽可能的接近最前沿的技术，并且在紧紧跟随技术的变化。（但是需要记住，商业的基本规则和技术的基本规则有很大的区别，不要同样在商业模式上赶时髦）
建立一个足够敏感和敏捷的组织，及时应对在经济、社会和环境上发生的任何变化。
提供一个有足够吸引力的网站。有品味的使用颜色、图片、动画、照片、字体和足够的留白空间可以达到这一目标。
流畅的商业流程，可以通过流程再造和信息技术来获得。
提供能完全理解商品和服务的信息，不仅仅包括全部产品信息还有可靠的顾问建议和挑选建议。
自然，电子商务供应商行业需要履行普世的原则，例如保证提供的商品的质量和可用性、物流的可靠性，并且及时有效的处理客户的投诉。在网路环境下，有一个独一无二的特点，客户可以获得远多於传统的“砖块+水泥”地商业环境下关於商家
顾客为先
一个成功的电子商务机构必须提供一个既满意而又具意义的经验给顾客。都由各种顾客为先因素构成，包括以下:
提供额外的利益给顾客: 电子销售商如要做到这一点，可提供产品或其产品系列，以一个较低的价格吸引潜在的客户、如传统商贸一样.
提供优质服务: 提供一个互动及易於使用的购买经验及场所，亦如传统零售商一样， 都有助某程度上达至上述目标。为鼓励顾客再回来购买。可利用赠品或促销礼券、优惠及折扣等。 还可以互相连接其他相关网站和广告联盟等。
提供个人服务: 提供个人化的网站、购买建议、个人及特别优惠的方式，有助增加互动、人性化来代替传统的销售方式。
提供社区意识: 可以聊天室、讨论板以及一些忠诚顾客计划(亦称亲和力计划)都对提供社区意识有一定的帮助。
令顾客拥有全面性的体验: 提供电子个人化服务，根据顾客的喜好，提供个别服务，使顾客感受与别不同的体验，便可成为公司独特的卖点及品牌。
自助方式: 提供自助式服务网站、易用及无须协助的环境，都有一定的帮助。包括所有的产品资料，交叉推销信息、谘询产品补替、用品及配件选择等。
提供各种资讯: 如个人电子通讯录、网上购物等。透过丰富的比较资料及良好的搜索设备，提供信息和构件安全、健康的评论给顾客。可协助个人电子服务来确定更多潜在顾客。
失败因素
个人资料的外泄是最大的因素，如果有骇客破解网页原始码，并在网页上种下木马或是病毒，只要你登入并打上个人资料，骇客便可以马上知道你在网页上打下哪些个人资料。所以如何保护顾客的个资等是电子商务最大的问题，如果不妥善处理，那此电子店家便会被淘汰。